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| 2. |
- Gonzalez, CA, et al.
(författare)
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Smoking and the risk of gastric cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136. ; 107:4, s. 629-634
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smoking has recently been recognised as causally associated with the development of gastric cancer (GC). However, evidence on the effect by sex, duration and intensity of smoking, anatomic subsite and cessation of smoking is limited. Our objective was to assess the relation between tobacco use and GC incidence in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). We studied data from 521,468 individuals recruited from 10 European countries taking part in the EPIC study. Participants completed lifestyle questionnaires that included questions on lifetime consumption of tobacco and diet in 1991-1998. Participants were followed until September 2002, and during that period 305 cases of stomach cancer were identified. After exclusions, 274 were eligible for the analysis, using the Cox proportional hazard model. After adjustment for educational level, consumption of fresh fruit, vegetables and preserved meat, alcohol intake and body mass index (BMI), there was a significant association between cigarette smoking and gastric cancer risk: the hazard ratio (HR) for ever smokers was 1.45 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08-1.94). The HR of current cigarette smoking was 1.73 (95% CI = 1.06-2.83) in males and 1.87 (95% CI = 1.12-3.12) in females. Hazard ratios increased with intensity and duration of cigarette smoked. A significant decrease of risk was observed after 10 years of quitting smoking. A preliminary analysis of 121 cases with identified anatomic site showed that current cigarette smokers had a higher HR of GC in the cardia (HR = 4.10) than in the distal part of the stomach (HR = 1.94). In this cohort, 17.6 % (95% CI = 10.5-29.5 %) of GC cases may be attributable to smoking. Findings from this large study support the causal relation between smoking and gastric cancer in this European population. Stomach cancer should be added to the burden of diseases caused by smoking. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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| 3. |
- AGREN, H, et al.
(författare)
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SYMMETRY SELECTIVE RESONANT INELASTIC X-RAY-SCATTERING
- 1995
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Ingår i: PHYSICA B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0921-4526. ; 209:1-4, s. 105-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We use two species with high point group symmetry, fullerene and benzene, to discuss important features of symmetry selective resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopy.
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| 4. |
- Agren, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Antenatal Corticosteroids and Postnatal Fluid Restriction Produce Differential Effects on AQP3 Expression, Water Handling, and Barrier Function in Perinatal Rat Epidermis
- 2010
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Ingår i: Dermatology research and practice. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-6113 .- 1687-6105.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Loss of water through the immature skin can lead to hypothermia and dehydration in preterm infants. The water and glycerol channel aquaglyceroporin-3 (AQP3) is abundant in fetal epidermis and might influence epidermal water handling and transepidermal water flux around birth. To investigate the role of AQP3 in immature skin, we measured in vivo transepidermal water transport and AQP3 expression in rat pups exposed to clinically relevant fluid homeostasis perturbations. Preterm (E18) rat pups were studied after antenatal corticosteroid exposure (ANS), and neonatal (P1) rat pups after an 18 h fast. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin hydration were determined, AQP3 mRNA was quantified by RT-PCR, and in-situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry were applied to map AQP3 expression. ANS resulted in an improved skin barrier (lower TEWL and skin hydration), while AQP3 mRNA and protein increased. Fasting led to loss of barrier integrity along with an increase in skin hydration. These alterations were not paralleled by any changes in AQP3. To conclude, antenatal corticosteroids and early postnatal fluid restriction produce differential effects on skin barrier function and epidermal AQP3 expression in the rat. In perinatal rats, AQP3 does not directly determine net water transport through the skin.
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| 5. |
- Agren, N. D., et al.
(författare)
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Design study of part-flow evaporative gas turbine cycles : Performance and equipment sizing - Part II: Industrial core
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power. - : ASME International. - 0742-4795 .- 1528-8919. ; 125:1, s. 216-227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is Part II of a two-part paper and presents calculation results of a part-flow EvGT cycle based on gas turbine data for the ABB GTX100 (modified for intercooling). The evaporative gas turbine cycle is a new high-efficiency cycle that has reached the pilot testing stage. This paper presents calculation results of a new humidification strategy based on part-flow humidification. This strategy involves using only a fraction of the compressed air for humidification. Thermodynamically, it can be shown that not all the air needs to be passed through the humidification system to attain the intrinsic good flue gas heat recovery of an EvGT cycle. The presented system also includes live steam production and superheating, by heat from the hottest flue gas region, for injection. The humidifier then only uses the lower temperature levels, where it is best suited. The analyzed system is based on data for the ABB GTX100.gas turbine in intercooled mode. Part 1 of this two-part paper presents the results based on data for the aeroderovative Rolls Royce Trent. Simulation results include electric efficiency and other process data as function of degree of part flow. A detailed model of the humidifier is used, which produces sizing results both for column height and diameter. Paper 1 includes detailed description of the modeling. For the GTXI00 system, full flow humidification generates an electric efficiency of 52.6% (simple cycle 36.2%). The efficiency is virtually unaffected if the air portion to humidification is cut to 60% of accessible compressor air (represents 48% of compressor intake). If 30% of air from the compressor after cooling bleed (24% of intake) is led to the humidifier, the efficiency is reduced to 52.2%. On the other hand is the total heat exchanger area reduced by 20% and column volume by 50%. This calls for a recommendation not to use all the compressed air for humidification. It is recommended to use 15-30% of compressor intake air. The exact economic optimum depends on local fuel prices, CO2 taxes, interest rates, etc.
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| 6. |
- Agren, N. D., et al.
(författare)
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Design study of part-flow evaporative gas turbine cycles : Performance and equipment sizing - Part I: Aeroderivative core
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power. - : ASME International. - 0742-4795 .- 1528-8919. ; 125:1, s. 201-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The evaporative gas turbine cycle is a new high-efficiency power cycle that has reached the pilot testing stage. This paper presents calculation results of a new humidification strategy based on part flow humidification. This strategy involves using only a fraction of the compressed air for humidification. Thermodynamically, it can be shown that not all the air needs to be passed through the humidification system to attain the intrinsic good flue gas heat recovery of an EvGT cycle. The system presented also includes live steam production and superheating by heat from the hottest flue gas region. The humidifier only uses the lower temperature levels flue gas heat, where it is best suited. The analyzed system is based on data for the aeroderivative Rolls Royce Trent as a gas turbine core. Part 11 of this two-part paper presents the results based on data for the industrial gas turbine ABB GTX100. Simulation results include electric efficiency and other process datas as functions of degree of part Tow. A detailed model of the humidifier is also used and described, which produces sizing results both for column height and diameter. Full flow humidification generates an electric efficiency of 51.5% (simple cycle 41%). The efficiency increases when the humidification airflow is reduced, to reach a maximum of 52.9% when airflow to the humidification amounts to around 12% of the intake air to the compressor. At the same time, total heat exchanger area is reduced by 50% and humidifier volume by 36% compared to full flow humidification. This calls for a recommendation not to use all the compressed air for humidification.
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| 7. |
- Agren, N. D., et al.
(författare)
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First experiments on an evaporative gas turbine pilot power plant : Water circuit chemistry and humidification evaluation
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power. - : ASME International. - 0742-4795 .- 1528-8919. ; 124:1, s. 96-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The evaporative gas turbine (EvGT), also known as the humid air turbine (HAT) cycle, is a novel advanced gas turbine cycle that has attracted considerable interest for the last decade. This high-efficiency cycle shows the potential to be competitive with Diesel engines or combined cycles in small and intermediate scale plants for power production and/or cogeneration. A 0.6 MW natural gas-fired EvGT pilot plant has been constructed by a Swedish national research group in cooperation between universities and industry. The plant is located at the Lund Institute of Technology, Lund, Sweden. The pilot plant uses a humidification tower with metallic packing in which heated water from the flue gas economizer is brought into direct counter current contact with the pressurized air from the compressor This gives an efficient heat recovery and thereby a thermodynamically sound cycle. As the hot sections in high-temperature gas turbines are sensitive to particles and alkali compounds, water quality issues need to be carefully considered. As such, apart from evaluating the thermodynamic and part-load performance characteristics of the plant, and verifying the operation of the high-pressure humidifier, much attention is focused on the water chemistry issues associated with the recovery and reuse of condensate water from the flue gas. A water treatment system has been designed and integrated into the pilot plant. This paper presents the first water quality results from the plant. The experimental results show that the condensate contains low levels of alkali and calcium, around 2 mg/l Sigma(K,Na,Ca), probably originating from the unfiltered compressor intake, About 14 mg/l NO2- +NO3- comes from condensate absorption of flue gas NOx. Some Cu is noted, 16 mg/l, which originates from copper corrosion of the condenser tubes. After CO2 stripping, condensate filtration and a mixed bed ion exchanger the condensate is of suitable quality for reuse as humidification water The need,for large quantities of demineralized water has by manY authors been identified as a drawback for the evaporative cycle. However, by cooling the humid flue gas, the recovery, of condensed water cuts the need of water feed. A self-supporting water circuit can be achieved, with no need for any net addition of water to the system. In the pilot plant, this was achieved by cooling the flue gas to around 35degreesC.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Engelmark, O., et al.
(författare)
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Ecological effects and management aspects of an exotic tree species : the case of lodgepole pine in Sweden
- 2001
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 141:02-jan, s. 3-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The North American tree Pinus contorta var, latifolia was experimentally introduced in Sweden already in the 1920s, and has been used in Swedish forestry on a large scale since the 1970s. These plantations now cover 565,000 ha, mainly in the northern area. In this paper we summarize and discuss existing ecological knowledge of this species introduction. With regard to longterm sustainability we suggest management means to minimize harmful effects of the introduction on ecosystems. These include aspects of self dispersal, pests, ecosystem and landscape structures, and also ecological processes and biodiversity. We also focus on observed and possible interactions in the ecosystems. As Pinus contorta seeds are disseminated and trees regenerated outside initial plantations, this may have future bearings on biodiversity. We suggest a strategy which takes account of the uncertainty in predicting future ecological effects. The strategy includes areal restrictions and zones without Pinus contorta, but also to set up a monitoring program. Observations of adverse effects from the plantations would then give the possibility to adjust P. contorta management.
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| 10. |
- GUO, JH, et al.
(författare)
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RESONANT AND NONRESONANT X-RAY-SCATTERING FROM C-70
- 1995
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Ingår i: CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0009-2614. ; 235:1-2, s. 152-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Resonant and non-resonant X-ray scattering spectra of the C-70 molecule are presented and analyzed by ab initio Hartree-Fock calculations using a newly developed formalism for symmetry selective inelastic X-ray scattering. Compared to C-60, a weak excitat
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