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| 2. |
- Ahlin, Sofie, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Fracture risk after three bariatric surgery procedures in Swedish obese subjects : up to 26 years follow-up of a controlled intervention study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 287:5, s. 546-557
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous studies have reported an increased fracture risk after bariatric surgery. Objective: To investigate the association between different bariatric surgery procedures and fracture risk. Methods: Incidence rates and hazard ratios for fracture events were analysed in the Swedish Obese Subjects study; an ongoing, nonrandomized, prospective, controlled intervention study. Hazard ratios were adjusted for risk factors for osteoporosis and year of inclusion. Information on fracture events were captured from the Swedish National Patient Register. The current analysis includes 2007 patients treated with bariatric surgery (13.3% gastric bypass, 18.7% gastric banding, and 68.0% vertical banded gastroplasty) and 2040 control patients with obesity matched on group level based on 18 variables. Median follow-up was between 15.1 and 17.9 years for the different treatment groups. Results: During follow-up, the highest incidence rate for first-time fracture was observed in the gastric bypass group (22.9 per 1000 person-years). The corresponding incidence rates were 10.4, 10.7 and 9.3 per 1000 person-years for the vertical banded gastroplasty, gastric banding and control groups, respectively. The risk of fracture was increased in the gastric bypass group compared with the control group (adjusted hazard ratio [adjHR] 2.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.02–3.31; P < 0.001), the gastric banding group (adjHR 1.99; 95%CI 1.41–2.82; P < 0.001), and the vertical banded gastroplasty group (adjHR 2.15; 95% CI 1.66–2.79; P < 0.001). Conclusions: The risk of fracture is increased after gastric bypass surgery. Our findings highlight the need for long-term follow-up of bone health for patients undergoing this treatment.
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| 4. |
- Ahlin, Åsa, 1970-
(författare)
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Compulsory Schooling in a Decentralized Setting: Studies of the Swedish Case
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Essay 1 (with Eva Johansson) investigates the demand for local public schooling using survey data, a method previously never applied to Sweden. Estimating a demand specification corresponding to that in U.S. studies, more elastic demand than in the U.S. is found. In an alternative specification, a more inelastic demand is indicated, in line with earlier findings on demand for total local spending in Sweden. Support for the hypothesis that municipal employees tend to have higher preferences for local public school spending than other employees is found. The differences in elasticities are, however, not statistically significant.Essay 2 investigates school competition and its implications for student performance. Using a value added specification, increased local school competition is shown to have positive effects on average performance in mathematics, but no significant effects in English or Swedish test performance. Immigrant pupils and those in need of special education tend to gain more from increased school competition, while adverse effects on students from low education families are found in terms of English and Swedish performance. Quantile regressions indicate homogeneous effects on low and high performing students.Essay 3 (with Eva Mörk) investigates the extent to which grants, local tax base, preferences and structural characteristics affected local school resources in connection with the decentralization of compulsory schooling in Sweden, using municipal panel data covering 1989-1995. The main arguments against decentralization are not supported by our findings. First, school spending as well as teacher density is found to be more equally distributed across municipalities following decentralization. Second, local tax capacity is not found to influence local school resources more in the decentralized than in the centralized regime. Furthermore, targeted grants have a significant impact on resources while general grants have not.Essay 4 examines teacher mobility in Sweden. Particular attention is paid to the role of working conditions. Various school attributes are used to proxy for teachers’ working conditions, including the average student performance, school resources and student composition. The results indicate a link, in the expected direction, between school attributes and the probability that a teacher will leave her teaching position in favour of another school. Also, teachers with higher wages tend to have a lower propensity of leaving their school. In contrast to previous US findings, the estimated impact of wages are not sensitive to whether or not controls for school attributes are included.
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| 5. |
- Ahlin, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Demand for local public schooling : another brick in the wall
- 2000
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we investigate the demand for local public school expenditures in Sweden. By using survey data, a method previously never applied to Swedish data, the paper provides an additional piece of evidence on individual demand for publicly provided local services. Estimating a linear demand specification, we find that the demand is inelastic with respect to income and tax, much in line with previous Swedish findings in a median voter framework. Estimation of a log-linear demand specification indicates more elastic demand. Testing the hypothesis that municipal employees tend to have a higher demand for public spending than others, we conclude that income, as well as taxprice, enters the demand function differently for the two groups of employees. We find no evidence of Tiebout sorting.
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| 6. |
- Ahlin, Åsa
(författare)
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Does school competition matter? : Effects of a large-scale school choice reform on student performance
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The effect of a general school choice reform on student performance is studied in a Swedish institutional setting. A rich set of individual level data allows estimation of a value added specification, mitigating problems with omission of relevant variables. Increased school competition is shown to have statistically significant positive effects on student performance in mathematics, but no significant effects in English and Swedish. Interacting school competition with student characteristics, the results indicate that immigrant students and those in need of special education tend to gain more from increased school competition than others, while adverse effects on students from low education families are found in terms of English and Swedish performance. However, quantile regressions indicate homogeneous effects on low and high performing students.
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| 9. |
- Ahlin, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Effects Of Decentralization On School Resources : Sweden 1989-2002
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sweden has undertaken major national reforms of its school sector which, con- sequently, has been classified as one of the most decentralized ones in the OECD. This paper investigates whether school resources became more un- equally distributed across municipalities in connection with the reforms and if local tax base, grants, and preferences affected local school resources differently as decentralization took place. Using municipal data the paper studies how per pupil spending and the teacher-pupil ratio has evolved over the period 1989– 2002, separating between three different waves of decentralization. As nothing much has happened with per pupil spending, the teacher-pupil ratio has become more evenly distributed across municipalities. Municipal tax base affects per pupil spending in the same way regardless of whether the school sector is cen- tralized or decentralized, but has a smaller effect on teacher-pupil ratio after the reforms. The less targeted grants are, the fewer teachers per pupil do the mu- nicipalities employ. The results for local preferences are less clear cut.
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| 10. |
- Ahlin, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of decentralization on school resources
- 2008
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Ingår i: Economics of Education Review. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-7757 .- 1873-7382. ; 27:3, s. 276-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden has undertaken major national reforms of its school sector, which, consequently, has been classified as one of the most decentralized ones in the OECD. This paper investigates whether local tax base, grants, and preferences affected local school resources differently as decentralization took place. We find that municipal tax base affects per pupil spending in the same way regardless of whether the school sector is centralized or decentralized, but has a smaller effect on teacher–pupil ratio after the reforms. The less-targeted grants are the fewer teachers per pupil do the municipalities employ. The results for local preferences are less clear-cut.
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