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- Jacobsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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ADHD : Diagnostik och behandling, vårdens organisation och patientens delaktigheten systematisk litteraturöversikt
- 2013
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- ADHD En funktionsnedsättning med debut i baranåren. Kärmsymtom karaktäriseras av uppmärksamhetsproblem, impulsivitet ioch hyperaktivitet.I ett antal fall sker en normalisering eller mognadsprocess, i andra fall kan någon form av psykisk ohälsa förekommma samtidigt. Den diagnostiska utredningen är omfattande, och både instrument för diagnostik och den diagnostiska processen bör undersökas bättre.Många olika insatser och behandlingar, förutom läkemedel förekommer idag, men kunskapen om eras nytta, risker och kostnader måste förbättras. Vissa läkemedel lindrar ADHD symtom vid korttidsbehandling, men nyttan av långtidsbehandling går inte att bedöma. Vanliga biverjkningar av dessa läkemedel är illamående och nedsatt aptit, för barn viktminskning och pulsökning.
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- Ahlström, Isabell, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability of the Swedish version of the Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (S-ESES) : a test-retest study in adults with neurological disease
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0959-3985 .- 1532-5040. ; 31:3, s. 194-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine the test-retest reliability of the Swedish translated version of the Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (S-ESES) in people with neurological disease and to examine internal consistency. Design: Test-retest study.Subjects: A total of 30 adults with neurological diseases including: Parkinson's disease; Multiple Sclerosis; Cervical Dystonia; and Charcot Marie Tooth disease.Method: The S-ESES was sent twice by surface mail. Completion interval mean was 16 days apart. Weighted kappa, intraclass correlation coefficient 2,1 [ICC (2,1)], standard error of measurement (SEM), also expressed as a percentage value (SEM%), and Cronbach's alpha were calculated.Results: The relative reliability of the test-retest results showed substantial agreement measured using weighted kappa (MD = 0.62) and a very high-reliability ICC (2,1) (0.92). Absolute reliability measured using SEM was 5.3 and SEM% was 20.7. Excellent internal consistency was shown, with an alpha coefficient of 0.91 (test 1) and 0.93 (test 2).Conclusion: The S-ESES is recommended for use in research and in clinical work for people with neurological diseases. The low-absolute reliability, however, indicates a limited ability to measure changes on an individual level.
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- Ahlström, Margareta, 1951-
(författare)
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Hörselskadade barn i kommunikation och samspel
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis was to study the communicative and social development of twelve hard of hearing children, between the ages of two and seven. The children were observed by videorecordings, during a two year period in natural settings in three different sign language preschools, where sign language and spoken Swedish was exposed to the children at a varying extent. The theoretical basis of this thesis is found in modem child development research emphasising the significance of early close relationships with adults and peers. In order to give a description of the cultural context, interviews were made with parents and staffmembers. A descriptive qualitative analysis of the non-verbal and verbal communication between the children and the staff-members was conducted in order to focus on patterns of interaction within the group of hard of hearing children and between hard of hearing and deaf children, as well as between the children and the staff-members. From the analysis, five different patterns of interaction emerged and will be presented as five case studies at an individual and at a group level. These two perspectives were necessary in order to understand the way the hard of hearing children communicated in different contexts. The adults attitudes towards play and language, manifested by the way in which they acted towards the children played a central part to the outcome of peer-peer and adult-child interactions. The research findings indicated that a multitude of circumstances influenced the development of communicative skills of the children. The use of a language that enabled them to understand and to be understood, a supportive communicative style of the adults, where focus was on the content and the quality of the interaction in combination with a positive attitude towards fantasy and role play seemed to promote the children’s well-being and communicative and social development, more than an adult-centred and directive communicative style where the two languages per se were in focus.
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- Anens, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Validity and reliability of physical activity measures in multiple sclerosis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0959-3985 .- 1532-5040. ; 39:1, s. 137-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The purpose was to evaluate the psychometric properties of physical activity measures in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).METHODS: Adults with multiple sclerosis were recruited, n = 30 (validation) and n = 57 (test-retest). Steps measured with PiezoRX, Yamax SW200 and ActiGraph GT9X Link (AGlink) and time in different positions measured with AGlink were validated against data from video analysis. Psychometric properties of the Physical Activity and Disability Survey - Revised Swedish version (PADS-R(Sw)) was evaluated.RESULTS: The most valid measures were AGlink using the low-frequency extension filter, and PiezoRX with median absolute percentage errors (MeAPEs) of 0.9-3.1% and 1.3-3.3%. The MeAPEs were higher for Yamax SW200 (2.9-21.0%), AGlink display (3.6-44.8%) and AGlink normal filter (8.9-48.9%), indicating low validity. AGlink was not valid in measurements of sitting (MeAPE 12.0-12.5%) or lying (MeAPE 31.0-41.7%). The correlation between PADS-R(Sw) and AGlink steps was r = 0.492 (p = .009). The relative reliability of PADS-R(Sw) was ICC2,1 0.85 (CI 0.76-0.91), and absolute reliability was SEM 0.54.CONCLUSION: AGlink and PiezoRX were valid measures of steps in PwMS. The questionnaire PADS-R(Sw) was valid, with high relative reliability, but its absolute reliability was unsatisfactory.
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