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- Ahmed, Manzur, et al.
(författare)
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Origin of oil and bitumen in the Late Devonian Siljan impact structure, central Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: Organic Geochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5290 .- 0146-6380. ; 68, s. 13-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organic geochemical assessment of seep oil from the Upper Ordovician (Hirnantian) Boda Limestone and solid bitumens from the Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) limestone formations in the Siljan Crater, Sweden indicates their generation primarily from peak oil window maturity, clay-rich marine source rocks that contained aquatic algal organic matter and were deposited in an anoxic environment. Biomarkers indicate some significant differences between the seep oil and solid bitumens and their alteration by moderate to severe biodegradation. The Solberga quarry seep oil from the Boda Limestone and Solberga-1 solid bitumen from the Skarlov-Seby-Folkslunda Limestone equivalents do not show signs of mixing and the similarity in their biomarker distributions indicates a genetic relationship. However, solid bitumens recovered from cavities in the underlying Segerstad and Holen limestones were derived predominantly from clay-rich source rocks that contained mixed marine and lacustrine algal organic matter and minor inputs of prokaryotic organic matter, possibly from thin beds of calcareous rocks interbedded within the main clay-rich source rocks. It is inferred that the Siljan Crater seep oil and solid bitumens were generated from the organic rich Upper Ordovician Fjacka Shale, a source rock for economic accumulation of oil in the eastern Baltic region, and/or from Silurian shale units. The presence of various compounds of known biological origin and existence of organic rich Fjacka Shale/Silurian Shale units are consistent with the biogenic origin of Siljan Crater petroleum. Although these seep oil and solid bitumens were generated at peak oil window maturities, the intense heat generated by meteorite impact caused secondary reactions resulting in unusual distributions of maturity sensitive aromatic hydrocarbon isomers and conflicting molecular maturities. Crown Copyright (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Sohel, Ahmed, et al.
(författare)
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Fitness trainers’ educational qualification and experience and its association with their trainees’ musculoskeletal pain: A cross-sectional study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sports. - : MDPI. - 2075-4663. ; 10:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is a cross-sectional study that examined the association between fitness trainers’ educational qualifications and experience, and the risk of their trainees’ musculoskeletal pain. The study included 1177 trainees (aged 15–60 years) from 74 fitness centers in Bangladesh. Data were collected by using the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire, including potential confounders such as demographic factors (e.g., age, occupation), and training-related factors (e.g., workout knowledge, overweight lifting). Multiple logistic regression was performed for a binary outcome (pain—yes or no), and a generalized linear model was fitted for the ordinal outcome (pain—sites of the body). The trainers’ lower experience (no or ≤1 year) was associated with higher odds of their trainees’ musculoskeletal pain (OR: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.18–5.44) compared to trainers with >5 years of experience; however, no association was found between the trainers’ education and the risk of their trainees’ musculoskeletal pain, after controlling for potential confounders. Similarly, the trainees trained by trainers with lower experience had more than two-time the risk of having pain in different sites (IRR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.50–2.79). The trainers’ experience may play a pivotal role in the trainees’ musculoskeletal pain. Further study is warranted in this regard.
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| 3. |
- Tamanna, Iffat, et al.
(författare)
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Controlling Body Sources of Noise Generated by Niddle Electrogram Machines : A New EMG Idea for Skipping Traditional Approaches
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 International Conference on Science and Contemporary Technologies, ICSCT 2021. - 9781665421324
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different signal frequencies from body tissues, muscles fat etc affects the EMG signals. The signal frequencies from body organ can considered as noise which affects the output and hence for better signal output noised should be minimised. Traditional EMG machines supports analogue filtering while residual noises carried by signal channels. For good and better signal aggregation and useful data gathering machine generated noises need to be cleared out for maintaining proper accuracy regardless of signal distortions. In this work, an artifact reduction method is proposed for the EMG machines that can detect noise, randomized trials or points through sequential predictions. Through the proposed prediction method the data points will be reshaped and re-sampled with variance checking. It ensures maximization of SNR of the EMG signals. The reduction method also works with a digital sequence filter which shapes the noisy inputs. The shaped input then merged with a sequential output with less loss of information. Since the noise reduction process is a prediction based filter method, it will be independent of signal frequencies related with body organs like-body tissues, muscles fat etc. It reduces the variance and low discrepancy also.
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