| 1. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 3. |
- Khatri, C, et al.
(författare)
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Outcomes after perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with proximal femoral fractures: an international cohort study
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 11:11, s. e050830-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies have demonstrated high rates of mortality in people with proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, but there is limited published data on the factors that influence mortality for clinicians to make informed treatment decisions. This study aims to report the 30-day mortality associated with perioperative infection of patients undergoing surgery for proximal femoral fractures and to examine the factors that influence mortality in a multivariate analysis.SettingProspective, international, multicentre, observational cohort study.ParticipantsPatients undergoing any operation for a proximal femoral fracture from 1 February to 30 April 2020 and with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection (either 7 days prior or 30-day postoperative).Primary outcome30-day mortality. Multivariate modelling was performed to identify factors associated with 30-day mortality.ResultsThis study reports included 1063 patients from 174 hospitals in 19 countries. Overall 30-day mortality was 29.4% (313/1063). In an adjusted model, 30-day mortality was associated with male gender (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.68 to 3.13, p<0.001), age >80 years (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.31, p=0.013), preoperative diagnosis of dementia (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.16, p=0.005), kidney disease (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.55, p=0.005) and congestive heart failure (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.48, p=0.025). Mortality at 30 days was lower in patients with a preoperative diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.6 (0.42 to 0.85), p=0.004). There was no difference in mortality in patients with an increase to delay in surgery (p=0.220) or type of anaesthetic given (p=0.787).ConclusionsPatients undergoing surgery for a proximal femoral fracture with a perioperative infection of SARS-CoV-2 have a high rate of mortality. This study would support the need for providing these patients with individualised medical and anaesthetic care, including medical optimisation before theatre. Careful preoperative counselling is needed for those with a proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, especially those in the highest risk groups.Trial registration numberNCT04323644
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| 4. |
- Ahmed, Mukhtar
(författare)
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Agro-Morphological, Yield and Quality Traits and Interrelationship with Yield Stability in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Genotypes under Saline Marginal Environment
- 2020
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Ingår i: Plants. - : MDPI AG. - 2223-7747. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a halophytic crop that shows resistance to multiple abiotic stresses, including salinity. In this study we investigated the salinity tolerance mechanisms of six contrasting quinoa cultivars belonging to the coastal region of Chile using agro-physiological parameters (plant height (PH), number of branches/plant (BN), number of panicles/plant (PN), panicle length (PL), biochemical traits (leaf C%, leaf N%, grain protein contents); harvest index and yield (seed yield and plant dry biomass (PDM) under three salinity levels (0, 10, and 20 d Sm-1 NaCl). The yield stability was evaluated through comparision of seed yield characteristics [(static environmental variance (S-2) and dynamic Wricke's ecovalence (W-2)]. Results showed that significant variations existed in agro-morphological and yield attributes. With increasing salinity levels, yield contributing parameters (number of panicles and panicle length) decreased. Salt stress reduced the leaf carbon and nitrogen contents. Genotypes Q21, and AMES13761 showed higher seed yield (2.30 t ha(-1)), more productivity and stability at various salinities as compared to the other genotypes. Salinity reduced seed yield to 44.48% and 60% at lower (10 dS m(-1)) and higher salinity (20 dS m(-1)), respectively. Grain protein content was highest in NSL106398 and lowest in Q29 when treated with saline water. Seed yield was positively correlated with PH, TB, HI, and C%. Significant and negative correlations were observed between N%, protein contents and seed yield. PH showed significant positive correlation with APL, HI, C% and C:N ratio. HI displayed positive correlations with C%, N% and protein content., All measured plant traits, except for C:N ratio, responded to salt in a genotype-specific way. Our results indicate that the genotypes (Q21 and AMES13761) proved their suitability under sandy desert soils of Dubai, UAE as they exhibited higher seed yield while NSL106398 showed an higher seed protein content. The present research highlights the need to preserve quinoa biodiversity for a better seedling establishment, survival and stable yield in the sandy desertic UAE environment.
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| 5. |
- Ahmed, Mukhtar
(författare)
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Application of CSM-CANEGRO Model for Climate Change Impact Assessment and Adaptation for Sugarcane in Semi-arid Environment of Southern Punjab, Pakistan
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal Of Plant Production. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1735-6814 .- 1735-8043.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change is a severe threat for productivity of sugarcane crop. Crop models have potential to quantify the climate change impacts, and management practices effects on development and productivity of sugarcane crop. These models provide simulations as a result of interaction between genotype, management, and environment. The current study was conducted with the objectives to (1) calibration, evaluation and application of CSM-CANEGRO-Sugarcane model (2) climate change assessment and make adaptation strategies for industrial (spring and autumn crops) and non-industrial (summer crop) sugarcane. Two field experiments regarding industrial sugarcane were carried out at Multan during 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 and two field experiments regarding ponda chewing sugarcane (non-industrial, thick, soft and juicier sugarcane) at Vehari during 2017 and 2018. Calibration and evaluation of CSM-CANEGRO-Sugarcane model showed that all model statistical parameters were obtained under acceptable range. Model sensitivity was also evaluated against Carbon, Temperature and Water analysis for both sites. Results revealed that average temperature is increased almost 0.94 degrees C during baseline weather data (1980-2018), while according to different climate projections by Global Climate Models (GCMs), average temperature 3-5 degrees C can be increase during mid-century. So, without adaptation strategies, fresh cane yield will be decreased ranging from 15.31 to 22.57% at different GCMs during mid-century (2039-2069). Adaptation strategies; like 18-25 days earlier planting, increasing 15% N application quantity and increasing frequency of irrigation and growing heat tolerant and more growing degree days requiring varieties can compensate the negative impact of climate change in future scenario.
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| 6. |
- Ahmed, Mukhtar
(författare)
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Application of Generalized Additive Model for Rainfall Forecasting in Rainfed Pothwar, Pakistan
- 2020
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Ingår i: Systems Modeling. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 9789811547270 ; , s. 403-414
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climatic variations affect growers of dry regions, and so the agricultural management techniques require modification according to the timing and amount of precipitation for the optimization of yield and economic output for a specified season and location. Farm manager preparedness depending on past practices can be enhanced by long-range skilled forecasting of rainfall. The well-known modes of interannual fluctuations affecting the Indian subcontinent are the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Dry regions of Pakistan, i.e., Pothwar, are facing a number of key challenges in the prediction of irregular rain. Modeling skewed, zero, nonlinear, and non-stationary data are a few of the main challenges. To deal with this, a probabilistic statistical model was used in three of the dry areas of Pothwar to predict monsoon and wheat-growing season. To find out the prospects of rainfall, occurring in the system, the model utilizes logistic regression through generalized additive models (GAMs). Our study exploits climatic predictors (Pacific and the Indian Ocean SSTs demonstrating the status of the IOD and the ENSO) affecting rainfall fluctuations on the Indian subcontinent for their effectiveness in predicting seasonal rainfall (three rainfall intervals and the monsoon rains throughout the wheat-growing period). The outcome demonstrated that the observed area had the amount and fluctuation of rainfall determined by SSTs, so predictions can be carried out by intellect to overpass the gaps among average and potential wheat yield with a change in management practices, i.e., appropriate time of sowing and use of suitable genotypes. In addition, the forecasting ability score, i.e., R2, RMSE (root-mean-square error), BSS (Brier skill score), S% (skill score S), LEPS (linear error in probability space), NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient), and ROC (receiver operating characteristics, p-value), assessed validation of model for rainfall prediction to verify the effectiveness of GAM and to formulate contrast among varying validation abilities to do cross-validation of rainfall prediction. Likewise, the forecast systems present substantial benefits in enhancing general operational management when used in agriculture production across the whole value chain.
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| 7. |
- Ahmed, Mukhtar
(författare)
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Association analysis for agronomic traits in wheat under terminal heat stress
- 2021
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Ingår i: Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1319-562X. ; 28, s. 7404-7415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Terminal heat stress causes irreversible damage to wheat crop productivity. It reduces the vegetative growth and flowering period that consequently declines the efficiency to capture available stem reserves (carbohydrates) in grains. Markers associated with thermotolerant traits ease in marker assisted selection (MAS) for crop improvement. It identifies the genomic regions associated with thermotolerant traits in wheat, but the scarcity of markers is the major hindrance in crop improvement. Therefore, 158 wheat genotypes were subjected to genotyping with 165 simple sequence repeat markers dispersed on three genomes (A, B and D). Allelic frequency and polymorphic information content values were highest on genome A (5.34 (14% greater than the lowest value at genome D) and 0.715 (3% greater than the lowest value at genome D)), chromosome 4 (5.40 (16% greater than the lowest value at chromosome 2) and 0.725 (5% greater than the lowest value at chromosome 6)) and marker xgwm44 (13.0 (84% greater than the lowest value at marker xbarc148) and 0.916 (46% greater than the lowest value at marker xbarc148)). Bayesian based population structure discriminated the wheat genotypes into seven groups based on genetic similarity indicating their ancestral origin and geographical ecotype. Linkage disequilibrium pat-tern had highest significant (P < 0.001) linked loci pairs 732 on genome A at r(2) > 0.1 whereas, 58 on gen-ome B at r(2) > 0.5. Linkage disequilibrium decay (P < 0.01 and r(2) > 0.1) had larger LD block (5-10 cM) on genome A. Highly significant MTAs (P < 0.000061) under heat stress conditions were identified for flag leaf area (xwmc336), spikelet per spike (xwmc553), grains per spike (cxfa2147, xwmc418 and xwmc121), biomass (xbarc7) and grain yield (xcfa2147 and xwmc671). The identified markers in this study could facil-itate in MAS and gene pyramiding against heat stress in wheat. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.
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| 8. |
- Ahmed, Mukhtar
(författare)
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Biochar blended humate and vermicompost enhanced immobilization of heavy metals, improved wheat productivity, and minimized human health risks in different contaminated environments
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-3437. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Application of biochar blended humate (BBH) might be considered as a promising material for potential toxic elements (PTEs) immobilization and improvement in crop yield but has not yet been studied. For this purpose, different soil amendments such as vermicompost (VC), biochar (BI), BBH and zeolite (Z) were applied to different soil types in various depositional environments include lacustrine (LA), fluvial (FL), and marine (M). The aim was to explore the potential impact of such amendments on the immobilization of Cd, Ni and Pb, metal transfer, and the consequent risk to human health, as well as improve wheat growth, yield and quality in different contaminated environments. Application of amendments, particularly BBH and VC significantly decreased the mobile fraction of tested heavy metals in all depositional environments. Consequently, application of BBH decreased the content of tested metals in wheat grains by 36.2%, 26.6% and 16.7% respectively compared to control averaged over three soil types. The highest reduction in human health risk index (HRI) was achieved when soil treated with VC followed by BBH compared to other amendments. The HRI decreased by 23.2%, 22.2%, and 25.7% in fluvial, lacustrine, and marine respectively in response to application of VC compared to untreated soil. Furthermore, application of VC and BBH improved wheat growth, yield and quality in the studied soils. Despite its complexity in production, the use of a synthesized Z in heavy metal immobilization is not recommended. In conclusion, the novel material (BBH) showed a significant immobilization of tested PTEs, and VC achieved higher yields of wheat and lower HRI, confirming the importance of both materials as promising low-cost and environmentally friendly amendments for PTEs immobilization, producing higher yields of good quality and decreasing human health risks.
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| 9. |
- Ahmed, Mukhtar
(författare)
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Can sulphur improve the nutrient uptake, partitioning, and seed yield of sesame?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sulphur (S) is considered to improve the nutrient uptake of plants due to its synergistic relationship with other nutrients. This could ultimately enhance the seed yield of oilseed crops. However, there is limited quantitative information on nutrient uptake, distribution, and its associated impacts on seed yield of sesame under the S application. Thus, a two-year field study (2018 and 2019) was conducted to assess the impacts of different S treatments (S-0 = Control, S-20 = 20, S-40 = 40, and S-60 = 60 kg ha(-1)) on total dry matter production, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, S uptake and distribution at the mid-bloom stage and physiological maturity. Furthermore, treatment impacts were studied on the number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, thousand seed weight, and seed yield at physiological maturity in sesame. Compared to S-0, over the years, treatment S-40 significantly increased the total uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and S (by 13, 22, 11% and 16%, respectively) at physiological maturity, while their distribution by 13, 36, 14, and 24% (in leaves), 12, 15, 11, and 15% (in stems), 15, 42, 18, and 10% (in capsules), and 14, 22, 9, and 15% (in seeds), respectively. Enhanced nutrient uptake and distribution in treatment S-40 improved the total biomass accumulation (by 28%) and distribution in leaves (by 34%), stems (by 27%), capsules (by 26%), and seeds (by 28%), at physiological maturity, as compared to S-0. Treatment S-40 increased the number of capsules per plant (by 13%), number of seeds per capsule (by 11%), and thousand seed weight (by 6%), compared to S-0. Furthermore, over the years, relative to control, sesame under S-40 had a higher seed yield by 28% and enhanced the net economic returns by 44%. Thus, our results suggest that optimum S level at the time of sowing improves the nutrient uptake and distribution during the plant lifecycle, which ultimately enhances total dry matter accumulation, seed yield, and net productivity of sesame.
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| 10. |
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