| 1. |
- Ahrne, Göran, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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How is ‘organized crime’ organized?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Organization outside organizations. - Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press. - 9781108474986 - 9781108604994 ; , s. 253-270
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this chapter, we explore the usefulness of applying the idea of partial organization as one way of mitigating the confusion surrounding the notion of organized crime. We examine three types of collectivities that are usually seen as examples of organized crime: outlaw motorcycle gangs (OMCs), street gangs, and mafias. When we examine the occurrence of organizational elements, we find substantial differences among these three cases not only in the amount of their organization, but also in the ways in which they are organized. A few multinational outlaw motorcycle gangs have gradually been able to form strong formal organizations containing all organizational elements. For a mafia, the situation is quite the opposite. Because its embeddedness in kinship relationships provides cohesion and protection, it needs little organization. Through its strong kinship ties, a mafia has access to several functional equivalents to the organizational elements one can find in OMCs. In street gangs the appearance of organizational elements varies among the gangs, and they rarely have more than a few elements at any one time. One obstacle for the organization of street gangs is their local embeddedness and limited duration, which loosen the boundaries of the gang.
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| 2. |
- Ahrne, Göran, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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How Much do Meta-Organizations Affect Their Members?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Weltorganisationen. - Wiesbaden : Springer. - 9783531181905 - 9783531189772 ; , s. 57-70
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the contemporary world there is a large and growing number of formal organizations. There are more states, firms and associations than ever before (Drori et al.2006). Many firms and associations transgress state boundaries and can be called international or transnational. International associations – often called “international organizations” – have spurred considerable interest from scholars studying international relations, internationalization and globalization. The interest demonstrated by scholars studying organizations in general has been weaker. Most scholars in the field of organizations studies have concentrated more on the study of firms than of associations, let alone international associations.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Ahrne, Göran, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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More and less organization
- 2019
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Ingår i: Organization outside organizations. - Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press. - 9781108474986 - 9781108604994 ; , s. 421-441
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The modern world is highly organized. Much organization occurs within formal organizations, to the extent that the extensive study of formal organizations has overshadowed other forms of organization. But organization happens not only within, but also outside the context of formal organizations. We define ‘organization’ as a decided order, and we see some decisions as more fundamental than others and have dubbed these decisions ‘organizational elements’. We distinguish five such elements: membership, rules, monitoring, sanctions, and hierarchy. Individuals or organizations can use organizational elements to organize other individuals or organizations, even if they do not belong to the same organization. But organizers do not necessarily use all elements, and all settings are not organized by all elements. In fact, many social settings are only partially organized – even formal organizations. We use the concepts of social relationships and formal organization to specify what we mean by organization and organizational elements and compare organizational elements with other ways in which social relationships develop. We describe the differences between organization and other origins of social order such as institutions and networks. The chapter ends with an overview of the following chapters.
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| 6. |
- Ahrne, Göran, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Organization unbound
- 2019
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Ingår i: Organization outside organizations. - Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press. - 9781108474986 - 9781108604994 ; , s. 3-36
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The modern world is highly organized. Much organization occurs within formal organizations, to the extent that the extensive study of formal organizations has overshadowed other forms of organization. But organization happens not only within, but also outside the context of formal organizations. We define ‘organization’ as a decided order, and we see some decisions as more fundamental than others and have dubbed these decisions ‘organizational elements’. We distinguish five such elements: membership, rules, monitoring, sanctions, and hierarchy. Individuals or organizations can use organizational elements to organize other individuals or organizations, even if they do not belong to the same organization. But organizers do not necessarily use all elements, and all settings are not organized by all elements. In fact, many social settings are only partially organized – even formal organizations. We use the concepts of social relationships and formal organization to specify what we mean by organization and organizational elements, and compare organizational elements with other ways in which social relationships develop. We describe the differences between organization and other origins of social order such as institutions and networks. The chapter ends with an overview of the following chapters.
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| 7. |
- Ahrne, Göran, 1944-
(författare)
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Organizing intimacy
- 2019
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Ingår i: Organization outside organizations. - Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press. - 9781108474986 - 9781108604994 ; , s. 235-252
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite strong emotions and a high density of communication, intimacy does not preclude organization. Intimate relationships can often be recognized as partially organized. In this chapter I examine three intimate relationships – families, kinship, and friendship – in order to investigate how the variation in combinations of organizational elements can be explained by the core component of love in each type of relationship. In examining the appearance of organizational elements in intimate relationships, one can see considerable differences among them, not only in their degree of organization, but also in the elements that are present. There is a connection between the elements that appear in a relationship and the emotional content. But there are also differences within the same type of relationship in how much and in which ways they are organized. An investigation of organizational elements in intimate relationships also provides an awareness of the limits of organization and why intimate relationships remain partially organized. A broadening of the analysis examining connections between states and intimate relationships demonstrates why states can use membership as an organizational element only to a limited extent. States are extremely organized in many respects, yet they are only partially organized.
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| 8. |
- Ahrne, Göran, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Queues : tensions between institution and organization
- 2019
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Ingår i: Organization outside organizations. - Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press. - 9781108474986 - 9781108604994 - 9781108696326 ; , s. 177-188
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The formation of queues is an institution: it is created and managed largely by the emergent norms of those in the queue. Research on queues has demonstrated that it is more and more common for organizations to intervene in the ordering of queues. In this chapter we investigate why and how queues are organized and the tensions that arise when a strong institution becomes the subject of partial organization. As an institution, the idea of how to form a queue has strong legitimacy resting on commonly accepted values of equality and fairness. The fact that a queue is organized with one or several organizational elements does not necessarily mean that the queue as an institution is replaced by organization; on the contrary, organizational decisions may support the queue as an institution. In other cases, however, organization is a challenge to the legitimacy of the queue; instead it is the organization that uses its power to further its own interest in selecting the preferred customers from a larger number of people standing in a line. When an organization decides the order in which people are admitted, little remains of the institution of the queue.
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| 10. |
- Ahrne, Göran, 1944-
(författare)
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The organization of action
- 2018
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Ingår i: Concepts in Action. - : Brill Nijhoff. - 9789004314191 - 9789004314207 ; , s. 172-188
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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