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- Manuguerra, M., et al.
(författare)
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Multi-factor dimensionality reduction applied to a large prospective investigation on gene-gene and gene-environment interactions
- 2007
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Ingår i: Carcinogenesis. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0143-3334 .- 1460-2180. ; 28:2, s. 414-422
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is becoming increasingly evident that single-locus effects cannot explain complex multifactorial human diseases like cancer. We applied the multi-factor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method to a large cohort study on gene-environment and gene-gene interactions. The study (case-control nested in the EPIC cohort) was established to investigate molecular changes and genetic susceptibility in relation to air pollution and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in non-smokers. We have analyzed 757 controls and 409 cases with bladder cancer (n = 124), lung cancer (n = 116) and myeloid leukemia (n = 169). Thirty-six gene variants (DNA repair and metabolic genes) and three environmental exposure variables (measures of air pollution and ETS at home and at work) were analyzed. Interactions were assessed by prediction error percentage and cross-validation consistency (CVC) frequency. For lung cancer, the best model was given by a significant gene-environment association between the base excision repair (BER) XRCC1-Arg399Gln polymorphism, the double-strand break repair (DSBR) BRCA2-Asn372His polymorphism and the exposure variable 'distance from heavy traffic road', an indirect and robust indicator of air pollution (mean prediction error of 26%, P < 0.001, mean CVC of 6.60, P = 0.02). For bladder cancer, we found a significant 4-loci association between the BER APE1-Asp148Glu polymorphism, the DSBR RAD52-3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) polymorphism and the metabolic gene polymorphisms COMT-Val158Met and MTHFR-677C > T (mean prediction error of 22%, P < 0.001, mean CVC consistency of 7.40, P < 0.037). For leukemia, a 3-loci model including RAD52-2259C > T, MnSOD-Ala9Val and CYP1A1-Ile462Val had a minimum prediction error of 31% (P < 0.001) and a maximum CVC of 4.40 (P = 0.086). The MDR method seems promising, because it provides a limited number of statistically stable interactions; however, the biological interpretation remains to be understood.
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- Vaissière, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative analysis of DNA methylation after whole bisulfitome amplification of a minute amount of DNA from body fluids.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Epigenetics : official journal of the DNA Methylation Society. - 1559-2308. ; 4:4, s. 221-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cell-free circulating DNA isolated from the plasma of individuals with cancer has been shown to harbor cancer-associated changes in DNA methylation, and thus it represents an attractive target for biomarker discovery. However, the reliable detection of DNA methylation changes in body fluids has proven to be technically challenging. Here we describe a novel combination of methods that allows quantitative and sensitive detection of DNA methylation in minute amounts of DNA present in body fluids (quantitative Methylation Analysis of Minute DNA amounts after whole Bisulfitome Amplification, qMAMBA). This method involves genome-wide amplification of bisulphite-modified DNA template followed by quantitative methylation detection using pyrosequencing and allows analysis of multiple genes from a small amount of starting DNA. To validate our method we used qMAMBA assays for four genes and LINE1 repetitive sequences combined with plasma DNA samples as a model system. qMAMBA offered high efficacy in the analysis of methylation levels and patterns in plasma samples with extremely small amounts of DNA and low concentrations of methylated alleles. Therefore, qMAMBA will facilitate methylation studies aiming to discover epigenetic biomarkers, and should prove particularly valuable in profiling a large sample series of body fluids from molecular epidemiology studies as well as in tracking disease in early diagnostics.
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- Airoldi, L., et al.
(författare)
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An ecological perspective on the deployment and design of low-crested and other hard coastal defence structures
- 2005
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Ingår i: Coastal Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-3839. ; 52:10-11, s. 1073-1087
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coastal areas play a crucial role in the economical, social and political development of most countries; they support diverse and productive coastal ecosystems that provide valuable goods and services. Globally flooding and coastal erosion represent serious threats along many coastlines, and will become more serious as a consequence of human-induced changes and accelerated sea-level rise. Over the past century, hard coastal defence structures have become ubiquitous features of coastal landscapes as a response to these threats. The proliferation of defence works can affect over half of the shoreline in some regions and results in dramatic changes to the coastal environment. Surprisingly little attention has been paid to the ecological consequences of coastal defence. Results from the DELOS (Environmental Design of Low Crested Coastal Defence Structures, EVK3-CT-2000-00041) project indicate that the construction of coastal defence structures will affect coastal ecosystems. The consequences can be seen on a local scale, as disruption of surrounding soft-bottom environments and introduction of new artificial hard-bottom habitats, with consequent changes to the native assemblages of the areas. Proliferation of coastal defence structures can also have critical impacts on regional species diversity, removing isolating barriers, favouring the spread of non-native species and increasing habitat heterogeneity. Knowledge of the environmental context in which coastal defence structures are placed is fundamental to an effective management of these structures as, while there are some general consequences of such construction, many effects are site specific. Advice is provided to meet specific management goals, which include mitigating specific impacts on the environment, such as minimising changes to surrounding sediments, spread of exotic species or growth of nuisance species, and/or enhancing specific natural resources, for example enhancing fish recruitment or promoting diverse assemblages for eco-tourism. The DELOS project points out that the downstream effects of defence structures on coastal processes and regional-scale impacts on biodiversity necessitate planning and management at a regional (large coastline) scale. To effectively understand and manage coastal defences, environmental management goals must be clearly stated and incorporated into the planning, construction, and monitoring stages. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Dalibon, Eugenia L., et al.
(författare)
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Carbon Based Coatings Deposited on Nitrided Stainless Steel: Study of Thermal Degradation
- 2017
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD PAN AMERICAN MATERIALS CONGRESS. - Cham : SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG. - 9783319521329 - 9783319521312 ; , s. 57-66
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amorphous hydrogenated carbon (DLC) coatings have a high hardness depending on the relative amount of sp(3)/sp(2) bondings. They also exhibit an extremely low friction coefficient and are chemically inert. However, these coatings have some disadvantages which limit their applications. For instance, adhesion is poor when they are deposited on metallic substrates and they are also unstable at high temperatures, degrading into graphite and loosing hardness. In this work, DLC coatings were deposited on precipitation hardening stainless steel (PH Corrax) which was plasma nitrided before the coating deposition. The samples were submitted to annealing treatments for an hour at different temperatures from 200 to 600 degrees C, together with a control group, which was only coated but not nitrided. After each annealing cycle, Raman Spectroscopy, nanoindentation and microscopy were used to check film properties. It was demonstrated that the nitriding pre treatment improved not only adhesion but also the thermal stability of the DLC, slowing degradation and preventing delamination.
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| 9. |
- Dalibon, Eugenia. L., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of DLC coatings over nitrided stainless steel with and without nitriding pre-treatment using annealing cycles
- 2019
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMRandT. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 2238-7854. ; 8:2, s. 1653-1662
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amorphous hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings were deposited using plasma assisted chemical vapour deposition (PACVD) on precipitation hardening (PH) stainless steel.Plasma nitriding has been used as pre-treatment to enhance adhesion and mechanical properties. Chemical and mechanical properties of DLC coatings are dependent on the hydrogen content and so on the relation between sp(3)/sp(2) bondings. The bondings and the structure of the DLC film change with temperature. In this work, a study of the thermal degradation and the evolution of the mechanical properties of DLC coatings over PH stainless steel have been carried out, including the effect of an additional nitrided layer. Nitrided and non-nitrided steel samples were subjected to the same coated in the same conditions, and they were submitted to the same thermal cycles, heating from room temperature to 600 degrees C in several steps. After each cycle, Raman spectra and surface topography measurements were performed and analyzed. Nanohardness measurements and tribological tests, using a pin-on-disc machine, were carried out to analyze variations in the friction coefficient and the wear resistance. The duplex sample, with nitriding as pre-treatment showed a better thermal stability. For duplex sample, the coating properties, such as adhesion, and friction coefficient were sustained after annealing at higher temperatures; whereas it was not the case for only coated sample. (C) 2018 Brazilian Metallurgical, Materials and Mining Association. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda.
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| 10. |
- Moschella, P. S., et al.
(författare)
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Low-crested coastal defence structures as artificial habitats for marine life: Using ecological criteria in design
- 2005
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Ingår i: Coastal Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-3839. ; 52:10-11, s. 1053-1071
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coastal defence structures to protect sedimentary coastlines from erosion and flooding are increasingly common throughout Europe. They will become more widespread over the next 10-30 years in response to rising and stormier seas and accelerating economic development of the coastal zone. Building coastal defences results in the loss and fragmentation of sedimentary habitats and their replacement by artificial rocky habitats that become colonised by algae and marine animals. The engineering design and construction of these structures have received considerable attention. However, the ecological consequences of coastal defences have been less extensively investigated. Furthermore, due to their rapid proliferation, there is a growing need to understand the role of these man-made habitats in the coastal ecosystems in order to implement impact minimisation and/or mitigation measures. As part of the DELOS project, targeted studies were carried out throughout Europe to assess the ecological similarity of low-crested coastal defence structures (LCS) to natural rocky shores and to investigate the influence of LCS design features on the colonising marine epibiota. LCSs can be considered as a relatively poor surrogate of natural rocky shores. Epibiotic communities were qualitatively similar to those on natural rocky shores as both habitats are regulated by the same physical and biological factors. However, there were quantitative differences in the diversity and abundance of epibiota on artificial structures. Typically, epibiotic assemblages were less diverse than rocky shore communities. Also, LCSs offered less structurally complex habitats for colonisation and in some locations experienced higher disturbance than natural shores. We propose several criteria that can be integrated into the design and construction of LCSs to minimise ecological impacts and allow targeted management of diversity and natural living resources. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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