| 1. |
- Akkuratov, Evgeny E., et al.
(författare)
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Neanderthal and Denisovan ancestry in Papuans : A functional study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology. - : Imperial College Press. - 0219-7200 .- 1757-6334. ; 16:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sequencing of complete nuclear genomes of Neanderthal and Denisovan stimulated studies about their relationship with modern humans demonstrating, in particular, that DNA alleles from both Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes are present in genomes of modern humans. The Papuan genome is a unique object because it contains both Neanderthal and Denisovan alleles. Here, we have shown that the Papuan genomes contain different gene functional groups inherited from each of the ancient people. The Papuan genomes demonstrate a relative prevalence of Neanderthal alleles in genes responsible for the regulation of transcription and neurogenesis. The enrichment of specific functional groups with Denisovan alleles is less pronounced; these groups are responsible for bone and tissue remodeling. This analysis shows that introgression of alleles from Neanderthals and Denisovans to Papuans occurred independently and retention of these alleles may carry specific adaptive advantages.
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| 2. |
- Petersen, Julian, et al.
(författare)
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A previously uncharacterized Factor Associated with Metabolism and Energy (FAME/C14orf105/CCDC198/1700011H14Rik) is related to evolutionary adaptation, energy balance, and kidney physiology
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we use comparative genomics to uncover a gene with uncharacterized function (1700011H14Rik/C14orf105/CCDC198), which we hereby name FAME (Factor Associated with Metabolism and Energy). We observe that FAME shows an unusually high evolutionary divergence in birds and mammals. Through the comparison of single nucleotide polymorphisms, we identify gene flow of FAME from Neandertals into modern humans. We conduct knockout experiments on animals and observe altered body weight and decreased energy expenditure in Fame knockout animals, corresponding to genome-wide association studies linking FAME with higher body mass index in humans. Gene expression and subcellular localization analyses reveal that FAME is a membrane-bound protein enriched in the kidneys. Although the gene knockout results in structurally normal kidneys, we detect higher albumin in urine and lowered ferritin in the blood. Through experimental validation, we confirm interactions between FAME and ferritin and show co-localization in vesicular and plasma membranes.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Akkuratov, Evgeny E., et al.
(författare)
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Ouabain Modulates the Functional Interaction Between Na,K-ATPase and NMDA Receptor.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Molecular Neurobiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0893-7648 .- 1559-1182. ; 57:10, s. 4018-4030
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor plays an essential role in glutamatergic transmission and synaptic plasticity and researchers are seeking for different modulators of NMDA receptor function. One possible mechanism for its regulation could be through adjacent membrane proteins. NMDA receptors coprecipitate with Na,K-ATPase, indicating a potential interaction of these two proteins. Ouabain, a mammalian cardiotonic steroid that specifically binds to Na,K-ATPase and affects its conformation, can protect from some toxic effects of NMDA receptor activation. Here we have examined whether NMDA receptor activity and downstream effects can be modulated by physiological ouabain concentrations. The spatial colocalization between NMDA receptors and the Na,K-ATPase catalytic subunits on dendrites of cultured rat hippocampal neurons was analyzed with super-resolution dSTORM microscopy. The functional interaction was analyzed with calcium imaging of single hippocampal neurons exposed to 10 μM NMDA in presence and absence of ouabain and by determination of the ouabain effect on NMDA receptor-dependent long-term potentiation. We show that NMDA receptors and the Na,K-ATPase catalytic subunits alpha1 and alpha3 exist in same protein complex and that ouabain in nanomolar concentration consistently reduces the calcium response to NMDA. Downregulation of the NMDA response is not associated with internalization of the receptor or with alterations in its state of Src phosphorylation. Ouabain in nanomolar concentration elicits a long-term potentiation response. Our findings suggest that ouabain binding to a fraction of Na,K-ATPase molecules that cluster with the NMDA receptors will, via a conformational effect on the NMDA receptors, cause moderate but consistent reduction of NMDA receptor response at synaptic activation.
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| 5. |
- Akkuratov, Evgeny E.
(författare)
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The Biophysics of Na+,K+-ATPase in neuronal health and disease
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Na+,K+-ATPase is one of the most important proteins in the mammalian cell. It creates sodium and potassium gradients which are fundamental for the membrane potential and sodium-dependent secondary active transport. It has a second role in the cell as a receptor that by binding chemicals from the cardiotonic steroids family, the most knowledgeable of them is ouabain, triggers various signaling pathways in the cell which regulate gene activation, proliferation, apoptosis, etc. It has been shown that several severe neurological diseases are associated with mutations in the Na+,K+-ATPase encoding genes. Although Na+,K+-ATPase was discovered already in 1957 by the Danish scientist Jens Skou, the knowledge about the function of this enzyme is still not complete. In the studies included in the thesis, we have learned more about the function of Na+,K+-ATPase in different aspects of health and disease. In study I we showed a mechanism of ouabain-dependent regulation of the NMDA receptor, one of the most important receptors in the nervous system, via binding with Na+,K+-ATPase. This allows us to look at the Na+,K+-ATPase as regulator via protein-protein interaction. In study II we investigated a different aspect of Na+,K+-ATPase functioning – to look at how binding of ouabain to Na+,K+-ATPase activates a number of signaling cascades by looking at the phosphoproteome status of the cells. This allows us to see the whole picture of ouabain-mediated cascades and further characterize them. In study III we focused on the role of Na+,K+-ATPase in severe epileptic encephalopathy caused by a mutation in the ATP1A1 gene. We performed a molecular and cellular study to describe how mutations affects protein structure and function and found that this mutation converts the ion pump to a nonspecific leak channel. In study IV we performed a translational study of the most common mutation for rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism. We studied how this mutation affects the nervous system on the protein-, cellular-, and organism level and found that the complete absence of ultraslow afterhyperpolarization (usAHP) could explain gait disturbances found in patients. In the on-going study we showed that Na+,K+-ATPase can oligomerize and that this effect is triggered by ouabain binding to the Na+,K+-ATPase. In this study, we utilized a novel fluorescence labelling approach and used biophysical techniques with single molecule sensitivity to track Na+,K+-ATPase interactions. In summary, we applied biophysical and molecular methods to study different aspects of the function of Na+,K+-ATPase, and gained insights that could be helpful not only for answering fundamental questions about Na+,K+-ATPase but also to find a treatment for patients with diseases associated with mutations in this protein.
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| 6. |
- Aperia, Anita Chatarina, et al.
(författare)
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Na+, K+-ATPase, a new class of plasma membrane receptors
- 2016
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0363-6143 .- 1522-1563. ; 310:7, s. C491-C495
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Na(+), K(+)-ATPase (NKA) differs from most other ion transporters not only in its capacity to maintain a steep electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane but also as a receptor for a family of cardiotonic steroids, to which ouabain belongs. Studies from many groups, performed during the last fifteen years, have demonstrated that ouabain, a member of the cardiotonic steroid family, can activate a network of signaling molecules and that NKA will also serve as a signal transducer that can provide a feed back loop between NKA and the mitochondria. This brief review summarizes the current knowledge and controversies with regard to the understanding of NKA signaling.
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| 7. |
- Azarias, Guillaume, et al.
(författare)
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A Specific and Essential Role for Na,K-ATPase alpha 3 in Neurons Co-expressing alpha 1 and alpha 3
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 288:4, s. 2734-2743
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most neurons co-express two catalytic isoforms of Na,K-ATPase, the ubiquitous alpha 1, and the more selectively expressed alpha 3. Although neurological syndromes are associated with alpha 3 mutations, the specific role of this isoform is not completely understood. Here, we used electrophysiological and Na+ imaging techniques to study the role of alpha 3 in central nervous system neurons expressing both isoforms. Under basal conditions, selective inhibition of alpha 3 using a low concentration of the cardiac glycoside, ouabain, resulted in a modest increase in intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+](i)) accompanied by membrane potential depolarization. When neurons were challenged with a large rapid increase in [Na+](i), similar to what could be expected following suprathreshold neuronal activity, selective inhibition of alpha 3 almost completely abolished the capacity to restore [Na+](i) in soma and dendrite. Recordings of Na, K-ATPase specific current supported the notion that when [Na+](i) is elevated in the neuron, alpha 3 is the predominant isoform responsible for rapid extrusion of Na+. Low concentrations of ouabain were also found to disrupt cortical network oscillations, providing further support for the importance of alpha 3 function in the central nervous system. The alpha isoforms express a well conserved protein kinase A consensus site, which is structurally associated with an Na+ binding site. Following activation of protein kinase A, both the alpha 3-dependent current and restoration of dendritic [Na+](i) were significantly attenuated, indicating that alpha 3 is a target for phosphorylation and may participate in short term regulation of neuronal function.
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