| 1. |
- Al Dmour, Eshraq, et al.
(författare)
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Diffraction-limited storage-ring vacuum technology.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. - 1600-5775. ; 21:Pt 5, s. 878-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Some of the characteristics of recent ultralow-emittance storage-ring designs and possibly future diffraction-limited storage rings are a compact lattice combined with small magnet apertures. Such requirements present a challenge for the design and performance of the vacuum system. The vacuum system should provide the required vacuum pressure for machine operation and be able to handle the heat load from synchrotron radiation. Small magnet apertures result in the conductance of the chamber being low, and lumped pumps are ineffective. One way to provide the required vacuum level is by distributed pumping, which can be realised by the use of a non-evaporable getter (NEG) coating of the chamber walls. It may not be possible to use crotch absorbers to absorb the heat from the synchrotron radiation because an antechamber is difficult to realise with such a compact lattice. To solve this, the chamber walls can work as distributed absorbers if they are made of a material with good thermal conductivity, and distributed cooling is used at the location where the synchrotron radiation hits the wall. The vacuum system of the 3 GeV storage ring of MAX IV is used as an example of possible solutions for vacuum technologies for diffraction-limited storage rings.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Eriksson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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The MAX IV Facility
- 2013
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Ingår i: 11th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2012). - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 425
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The MAX IV synchrotron radiation facility is currently being constructed in Lund, Sweden. The accelerator park consists of a 3 GeV linac injector and 2 storage rings operated at 1.5 and 3 GeV respectively. The linac injector will also be used for the generation of short Xray pulses. Close to 30 straight sections will be available for IDs at the rings. The three machines mentioned above are described below with some emphasis on the effort to create a very small emittance in the 3 GeV ring. Some unconventional technical solutions imposed by the emittance minimisation are discussed.
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| 4. |
- Grabski, Marek, et al.
(författare)
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Commissioning and operation status of the MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring vacuum system
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. - 1600-5775. ; 28, s. 718-731
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 3 GeV electron storage ring of the MAX IV laboratory is the first storage-ring-based synchrotron radiation facility with the inner surface of almost all the vacuum chambers along its circumference coated with non-evaporable getter (NEG) thin film. The coating provides a low dynamic outgassing rate and pumping of active gases. As the NEG coating was applied on an unprecedented scale, there were doubts concerning the storage ring performance. Fast conditioning of the vacuum system and over five years of reliable accelerator operation have demonstrated that the chosen design proved to be good and does not impose limits on the operation. The vacuum system performance is comparable with or better than that of other similar facilities around the world, where conventional designs were implemented. Observed pressure levels are low, and the electron beam lifetime is long and not limited by residual gas density. A summary of the vacuum performance is presented.
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| 5. |
- Leemann, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Commissioning of the MAX IV Light Source
- 2016
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Ingår i: IPAC 2016 - Proceedings of the 7th International Particle Accelerator Conference. - 9783954501472 ; , s. 11-15
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The first of the so-called diffraction-limited storage rings (DLSRs), MAX I V, has now gone into operation. For this ring, a multibend achromat (MBA) lattice is employed in order to achieve a small electron beam emittance. Several non-conventional technical system solutions have been introduced in order to reduce size, cost, assembly time, installation effort and to increase the ring robustness. Examples of this are solid magnet blocks housing several magnet items, a fully NEG-coated vacuum system and a low frequency RF system. The commissioning started in late August 2015. Several base-line parameters have now been reached like a sufficiently high stored circulating current, beam lifetime and beam quality for beamline commissioning. The MBA concept and the operation of the non-conventional solutions technical systems are verified. This article describes some of the technical solutions chosen and the early commissioning results.
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| 6. |
- Marendziak, A., et al.
(författare)
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Residual gas in the vacuum system of the solaris 1.5 GeV electron storage ring
- 2017
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Ingår i: IPAC 2017 - Proceedings of the 8th International Particle Accelerator Conference. - 9783954501823 ; , s. 2734-2737
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solaris is a third generation light source constructed at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland. The machine was designed by the MAX IV Laboratory team. The replica of the 1.5 GeV storage ring with 96 m circumference of a vacuum system was successfully built and now the synchrotron facility is after the 3rd phase of commissioning. Recent installation of the Residual Gas Analyzer (RGA) in the storage ring allows now for evaluation of the residual gas composition. Within this paper the result of residual gas analysis in the vacuum system of storage ring during different states of the machine will be presented. Result of vacuum performance regarding beam cleaning and beam lifetime will be presented. Moreover, the NEG strips performance will be evaluated and reported.
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| 7. |
- Tavares, Pedro F., et al.
(författare)
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Commissioning and first-year operational results of the MAX IV 3 GeV ring
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. - 0909-0495. ; 25:5, s. 1291-1316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The MAX IV 3 GeV electron storage ring in Lund, Sweden, is the first of a new generation of light sources to make use of the multibend-achromat lattice (MBA) to achieve ultralow emitance and hence ultrahigh brightness and transverse coherence. The conceptual basis of the MAX IV 3 GeV ring project combines a robust lattice design with a number of innovative engineering choices: compact, multifunctional magnet blocks, narrow low-conductance NEG-coated copper vacuum chambers and a 100 MHz radio-frequency system with passively operated third-harmonic cavities for bunch lengthening. In this paper, commissioning and first-year operational results of the MAX IV 3 GeV ring are presented, highlighting those aspects that are believed to be most relevant for future MBA-based storage rings. The commissioning experience of the MAX IV 3 GeV ring offers in this way an opportunity for validation of concepts that are likely to be essential ingredients of future diffraction-limited light sources.
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