| 1. |
- Icenogle, Grace, et al.
(författare)
-
Puberty Predicts Approach But Not Avoidance on the Iowa Gambling Task in a Multinational Sample
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Child Development. - : Wiley. - 0009-3920 .- 1467-8624. ; 88:5, s. 598-1614
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to the dual systems model of adolescent risk taking, sensation seeking and impulse control follow different developmental trajectories across adolescence and are governed by two different brain systems. The authors tested whether different underlying processes also drive age differences in reward approach and cost avoidance. Using a modified Iowa Gambling Task in a multinational, cross-sectional sample of 3,234 adolescents (ages 9-17; M = 12.87, SD = 2.36), pubertal maturation, but not age, predicted reward approach, mediated through higher sensation seeking. In contrast, age, but not pubertal maturation, predicted increased cost avoidance, mediated through greater impulse control. These findings add to evidence that adolescent behavior is best understood as the product of two interacting, but independently developing, brain systems. © 2016 The Society for Research in Child Development, Inc.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Zietz, Susannah, et al.
(författare)
-
Household income loss, parental depression, and adolescent internalizing/externalizing behavior : A longitudinal study in seven countries.
- 2021
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A large body of previous research using the family stress model has examined relations among economic pressure, parental psychological distress, and child psychosocial development. However, the impact of income loss changes in the broader macro-economic cultural context in which families are situated. For example, in countries with more generous social safety nets or where helping extended family members is more normative, income loss may be less predictive of parent and child psychosocial outcomes. This study examined the longitudinal links among the adverse event of severe household income loss, parental depression, and adolescent internalizing and externalizing behavior. Longitudinal data from 1,082 families in 10 cultural groups in seven countries (Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Thailand, and United States) were included. The data on income were collected between 2011 and 2013, a period when Italy was in recession and many of the other countries had just started recovering from a period or multiple periods of recession. Across all countries, when the child was 12 years old (referencing a 12 month period somewhere between 2011 and 2013), 14% of families had experienced a decrease in their household annual income by more than 25% (ranging from 4% of families in Colombia to 25% of families in Naples, Italy). A multiple-group structural equation model was conducted with 5,000 bootstrap replications. We constrained all paths to be equal across cultures and then used an iterative process of referencing modification indices to indicate whether to release a path in a specific culture. We then used chi square difference tests to assess whether the restricted model with equal paths was significantly worse than the alternative model allowing a loading to differ in one culture. The final model released an average of 4.5 paths per culture (out of a possible 27) and fit the data well (RMSEA=.040 90% CI: .016, .056; CFI/TLI=.971/.962; SRMR=.073) revealed that controlling for child gender, parental education, household income, former severe income loss, and age 12 internalizing and externalizing behavior, maternal depression (age 13) fully mediated the relation between a family experiencing severe income loss (age 12) and child internalizing behavior (age 14) in all cultures except the Philippines. However, paternal depression did not mediate this relation. There was no significant relation with any of the variables and child externalizing in any of the cultural groups. Additionally, we found in Thailand, household income (standardized within cultural group) moderated the relation between severe income loss and both maternal and paternal depression. This study largely found effects of severe income loss on maternal depression and child internalizing, regardless of the level of income before the loss, indicating that although those living in poverty may be the most vulnerable to adverse effects on child development, in 9 out of 10 cultures in the study, the effects of severe income loss on family stress did not vary as a function of household income. This finding supports policies such as Universal Basic Income and cash transfers, to potentially mitigate the effects severe income loss.
|
|
| 4. |
- Alampay, Liane Pena, et al.
(författare)
-
Severity and justness do not moderate the relation between corporal punishment and negative child outcomes : A multicultural and longitudinal study
- 2017
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Development. - : SAGE Publications. - 0165-0254 .- 1464-0651. ; 41:4, s. 491-502
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is strong evidence of a positive association between corporal punishment and negative child outcomes, but previous studies have suggested that the manner in which parents implement corporal punishment moderates the effects of its use. This study investigated whether severity and justness in the use of corporal punishment moderate the associations between frequency of corporal punishment and child externalizing and internalizing behaviors. This question was examined using a multicultural sample from eight countries and two waves of data collected one year apart. Interviews were conducted with 998 children aged 7–10 years, and their mothers and fathers, from China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Thailand, and the United States. Mothers and fathers responded to questions on the frequency, severity, and justness of their use of corporal punishment; they also reported on the externalizing and internalizing behavior of their child. Children reported on their aggression. Multigroup path models revealed that across cultural groups, and as reported by mothers and fathers, there is a positive relation between the frequency of corporal punishment and externalizing child behaviors. Mother-reported severity and father-reported justness were associated with child-reported aggression. Neither severity nor justness moderated the relation between frequency of corporal punishment and child problem behavior. The null result suggests that more use of corporal punishment is harmful to children regardless of how it is implemented, but requires further substantiation as the study is unable to definitively conclude that there is no true interaction effect.
|
|
| 5. |
- Buchanan, Christy M., et al.
(författare)
-
Developmental Trajectories of Parental Self-Efficacy as Children Transition to Adolescence in Nine Countries : Latent Growth Curve Analyses
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Youth and Adolescence. - : Plenum Publishing. - 0047-2891 .- 1573-6601. ; 53, s. 1047-1065
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about the developmental trajectories of parental self-efficacy as children transition into adolescence. This study examined parental self-efficacy among mothers and fathers over 3 1/2 years representing this transition, and whether the level and developmental trajectory of parental self-efficacy varied by cultural group. Data were drawn from three waves of the Parenting Across Cultures (PAC) project, a large-scale longitudinal, cross-cultural study, and included 1178 mothers and 1041 fathers of children who averaged 9.72 years of age at T1 (51.2% girls). Parents were from nine countries (12 ethnic/cultural groups), which were categorized into those with a predominant collectivistic (i.e., China, Kenya, Philippines, Thailand, Colombia, and Jordan) or individualistic (i.e., Italy, Sweden, and USA) cultural orientation based on Hofstede's Individualism Index (Hofstede Insights, 2021). Latent growth curve analyses supported the hypothesis that parental self-efficacy would decline as children transition into adolescence only for parents from more individualistic countries; parental self-efficacy increased over the same years among parents from more collectivistic countries. Secondary exploratory analyses showed that some demographic characteristics predicted the level and trajectory of parental self-efficacy differently for parents in more individualistic and more collectivistic countries. Results suggest that declines in parental self-efficacy documented in previous research are culturally influenced.
|
|
| 6. |
- Buchanan, Christy M, et al.
(författare)
-
Typicality and trajectories of problematic and positive behaviors over adolescence in eight countries.
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we examine the predictions of a storm and stress characterization of adolescence concerning typicality and trajectories of internalizing, externalizing, and wellbeing from late childhood through late adolescence. Using data from the Parenting Across Cultures study, levels and trajectories of these characteristics were analyzed for 1,211 adolescents from 11 cultural groups across eight countries. Data were longitudinal, collected at seven timepoints from 8 to 17 years of age. Results provide more support for a storm and stress characterization with respect to the developmental trajectories of behavior and characteristics from childhood to adolescence or across the adolescent years than with respect to typicality of behavior. Overall, adolescents' behavior was more positive than negative in all cultural groups across childhood and adolescence. There was cultural variability in both prevalence and trajectories of behavior. The data provide support for arguments that a more positive and nuanced characterization of adolescence is appropriate and important.
|
|
| 7. |
- Duell, Natasha, et al.
(författare)
-
A cross-sectional examination of response inhibition and working memory on the Stroop task
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Cognitive development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0885-2014 .- 1879-226X. ; 47, s. 19-31
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The authors examined the association between working memory and response inhibition on the Stroop task using a cross-sectional, international sample of 5099 individuals (49.3% male) ages 10–30 (M = 17.04 years; SD = 5.9). Response inhibition was measured using a Stroop task that included "equal" and "unequal" blocks, during which the relative frequency of neutral and incongruent trials was manipulated. Competing stimuli in incongruent trials evinced inhibitory functioning, and having a lower proportion of incongruent trials (as in unequal blocks) placed higher demands on working memory. Results for accuracy indicated that age and working memory were independently associated with response inhibition. Age differences in response inhibition followed a curvilinear trajectory, with performance improving into early adulthood. Response inhibition was greatest among individuals with high working memory. For response time, age uniquely predicted response inhibition in unequal blocks. In equal blocks, age differences in response inhibition varied as a function of working memory, with age differences being least pronounced among individuals with high working memory. The implications of considering the association between response inhibition and working memory in the context of development are discussed.
|
|
| 8. |
- Duell, Natasha, et al.
(författare)
-
Age patterns in risk taking across the world
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Youth and Adolescence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0047-2891 .- 1573-6601. ; 47:5, s. 1052-1072
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epidemiological data indicate that risk behaviors are among the leading causes of adolescent morbidity and mortality worldwide. Consistent with this, laboratory-based studies of age differences in risk behavior allude to a peak in adolescence, suggesting that adolescents demonstrate a heightened propensity, or inherent inclination, to take risks. Unlike epidemiological reports, studies of risk taking propensity have been limited to Western samples, leaving questions about the extent to which heightened risk taking propensity is an inherent or culturally constructed aspect of adolescence. In the present study, age patterns in risk-taking propensity (using two laboratory tasks: the Stoplight and the BART) and real-world risk taking (using self-reports of health and antisocial risk taking) were examined in a sample of 5,227 individuals (50.7% female) ages 10-30 (M = 17.05 years, SD = 5.91) from 11 Western and non-Western countries (China, Colombia, Cyprus, India, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the US). Two hypotheses were tested: (1) risk taking follows an inverted-U pattern across age groups, peaking earlier on measures of risk taking propensity than on measures of real-world risk taking, and (2) age patterns in risk taking propensity are more consistent across countries than age patterns in real-world risk taking. Overall, risk taking followed the hypothesized inverted-U pattern across age groups, with health risk taking evincing the latest peak. Age patterns in risk taking propensity were more consistent across countries than age patterns in real-world risk taking. Results suggest that although the association between age and risk taking is sensitive to measurement and culture, around the world, risk taking is generally highest among late adolescents
|
|
| 9. |
- Duell, Natasha, et al.
(författare)
-
Correction : Age Patterns in Risk Taking Across the World (vol 47, pg 1052, 2018)
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Youth and Adolescence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0047-2891 .- 1573-6601. ; 48:4, s. 835-836
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the original publication, the legends for Figs 4 and 5 were incorrect, such that each regression line was mislabeled with the incorrect country. Below are the correctly labeled countries. The authors apologize for any confusion or misinformation this error may have caused.
|
|
| 10. |
- Icenogle, Grace, et al.
(författare)
-
Adolescents’ cognitive capacity reaches adult levels prior to their psychosocial maturity : Evidence for a "maturity gap" in a multinational, cross-sectional sample
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Law and human behavior. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0147-7307 .- 1573-661X. ; 43:1, s. 69-85
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- All countries distinguish between minors and adults for various legal purposes. Recent U.S. Supreme Court cases concerning the legal status of juveniles have consulted psychological science to decide where to draw these boundaries. However, little is known about the robustness of the relevant research, because it has been conducted largely in the U.S. and other Western countries. To the extent that lawmakers look to research to guide their decisions, it is important to know how generalizable the scientific conclusions are. The present study examines 2 psychological phenomena relevant to legal questions about adolescent maturity: cognitive capacity, which undergirds logical thinking, and psychosocial maturity, which comprises individuals' ability to restrain themselves in the face of emotional, exciting, or risky stimuli. Age patterns of these constructs were assessed in 5,227 individuals (50.7% female), ages 10-30 (M = 17.05, SD = 5.91) from 11 countries. Importantly, whereas cognitive capacity reached adult levels around age 16, psychosocial maturity reached adult levels beyond age 18, creating a "maturity gap" between cognitive and psychosocial development. Juveniles may be capable of deliberative decision making by age 16, but even young adults may demonstrate "immature" decision making in arousing situations. We argue it is therefore reasonable to have different age boundaries for different legal purposes: 1 for matters in which cognitive capacity predominates, and a later 1 for matters in which psychosocial maturity plays a substantial role. © 2019 American Psychological Association.
|
|
