| 1. |
- Al Khabour, Anas, 1976
(författare)
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Arslan Tash ( Aleppo)
- 2016
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Ingår i: A history of Syria in one hundred sites / edited by Youssef Kanjou and Akira Tsuneki. - Oxford : Archaeopress Archeology. - 9781784913816 ; , s. 297-299
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Al Khabour, Anas, 1976
(författare)
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Burials and funerary practices along the Euphrates Valley during the Early Bronze Age
- 2018
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Ingår i: ISIMU. Revista sobre Oriente Próximo y Egipto en la antigüedad. - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid : Centro Superior de Estudios de Oriente Próximo y Egipto Departamento de Historia Antigua. - 1575-3492. ; , s. 1-34
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main aim of this paper is to compare the cemetaries along the Syrian Middle Euphrtes from Karkemish to Abu Kamal and in the Djezirah hinterland. Besides a typology of the graves, the inventory of material culture in the graves such as pottery, metalurgical objects, weapons…etc these have a valuable role to understand the burial customs during the 3rd millennium BC (Early Bronze Age). The differentiation is documented in terms of relationship to the livings between those cemtaries close to a settlement along the river and others in the steppe areas (nomadic). Besides, a study on burials and burial customs allows to establish information about the social structure of the inhabitants, because mortuary practices reflect the social, religious and practical views of the societies of the third millennium B.C., it is not only concerns deposition of the deceased, but also the living who buried them. Tha gathered data includes the brial sites along the Euphrates Valley in the Syrian territory as well as the adjantes areas to the river’s course. The excavations and surveys have been conducted by different expeditions: Syrian, German, Japanese, North American and Spanish, or joint missions. Generally, most of these tombs were already looted. The cemeteries and necropolises in question are situated on both banks of the river.
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| 3. |
- Al Khabour, Anas, 1976
(författare)
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El patrimonio cultural en Siria e Iraq: desafíos y esperanzas : Cultural Heritage in Syria and Iraq, hope and challenges
- 2019
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Ingår i: Isimu. Revista sobre Oriente Próximo y Egipto en la Antigüedad. - 1575-3492. ; 22, s. 107-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Armed conflicts and civil wars have been accompanied with huge damage to cultural heritage and peopl´s memories; they have been systematically destroyed, appropriated and looted; besides with ethnic cleansing and demographic changes caused by the population´s flee from repression to safer regions. Compounding that, the international community has invested many efforts in post-war reconstruction but paid less attention to other previous stages such as using heritage for reconciliation between the fighting parties and resolution of conflict. This paper focuses expected using of heritage in Syria and Iraq, by studying how cultural heritage has the potential to influence the arrangement ceasefires and resolutions to conflict, protect human rights, and rehabilitate societies impacted by social and physical trauma. This has worked in various parts of the world where conflicts took place; however, we need a method that helps organize intervening activities to mitigate the violence in conflict, as well as identifies stakeholders and common factors that consider all parties’ interests. The heritage context can provide, in my opinion, such involvement of interveners to produce peace and bring fighting parties together based on their shared memories and common history in Syria and Iraq. Los conflictos armados y las guerras civiles han corrido parejos a un enorme daño al patrimonio cultural y a la memoria de las personas; que han sido sistemáticamente destruidos, apropiados y saqueados; además de la limpieza étnica y los cambios demográficos causados por la huida de la población de todo tipo de represión a lugares más seguros. Para empeorarlo, la comunidad internacional ha invertido muchos esfuerzos en la posguerra-reconstrucción, pero prestó menos atención a otras etapas anteriores, como el uso del patrimonio para la reconciliación entre las partes en combate y la resolución del conflicto. Este artículo se enfoca en el uso deseable del patrimonio en Siria e Iraq, y estudia cómo el patrimonio cultural tiene el potencial de influir en el cese del fuego y la resolución de conflictos, proteger los derechos humanos y rehabilitar las sociedades impactadas por el trauma social y físico. Esto ha funcionado en varias partes del mundo donde han tenido lugar conflictos; sin embargo, necesitamos un método que ayude a organizar actividades intermedias para mitigar la violencia en el conflicto, así como identificar a las partes interesadas y los factores comunes que consideren los intereses de todas las partes. El contexto del patrimonio puede proporcionar, en mi opinión, tal participación de los interventores para producir la paz y unirse las partes en conflicto sobre la base de sus recuerdos compartidos y su historia común en Siria e Iraq.
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| 4. |
- Al Khabour, Anas, 1976
(författare)
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Il ruolo della Legge sulle Antichità Siriane per la protezione del patrimonio culturale fino allo scoppio della guerra civile in Siria nel 2011 : The role of the Syrian Antiquities Law in protecting Syrian cultural heritage until the outbreak of the Syrian civil war 2011
- 2018
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Ingår i: Astarté. Estudios del Oriente Próximo y el Mediterráneo. - 2659-3998. ; :1, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- How cultural heritage in Syria was treated before the establishment of the Syrian Antiquities Law 1963 and how it was considered after? This paper attempts to answer this question starting with the Ottoman Empire period and going through the French mandate in Syria until the establishment of the Antiquities Law in 1963 with all its amendments 1999 ending by the deliberate destruction of heritage after the beginning of the civil war in March 2011. I aim to reflect my own previous experience as director of the National Museum of Raqqa 2003-2008 and Head of its Department of Antiquities and Museums. With parallel to the antiquities law, existed series of commissions and competent authorities that could, within the scope of lake of economic and human resources, protect the heritage in a satisfactory way. Cultural heritage has been considered as part of the nation’s identity and have passed different stages of conservation in sometimes or depredation in others, depending on the political scene. But in general, local laws and regulations in Syria served in attempt to control all activities related to heritage; exportation, excavation, research, preservation, display and diffusion. Come è stato gestito il patrimonio culturale siriano prima che fosse emanata la Legge sulle Antichità Siriane nel 1963? E come è stato considerato da quel momento in poi? Questo documento rappresenta il tentativo di rispondere a tale quesito, partendo dal periodo dell’Impero Ottomano, percorrendo poi gli anni del Mandato Francese in Siria fino all’emanazione della Legge sulle Antichità nel 1963 con tutti i suoi relativi emendamenti del 1999, per terminare infine con la deliberata distruzione del patrimonio culturale che ha fatto seguito all’inizio della guerra civile nel marzo 2011. Il mio proposito è quello di riferire la mia esperienza in qualità di Direttore del Museo Nazionale di Raqqa 2003-2008 e come Dirigente del Dipartimento delle Antichità e dei Musei. In parallelo alla Legge sulle Antichità esistevano una serie di commissioni ed enti competenti che erano in grado di proteggere il patrimonio culturale in maniera soddisfacente pur mancando le risorse umane ed economiche. Il patrimonio culturale è stato sempre considerato parte dell’identità nazionale ed è passato attraverso stadi di conservazione o depredazione, a seconda della scena politica, ma in generale le leggi e le regolamentazioni locali in Siria hanno avuto la funzione di controllare tutte le attività relative al patrimonio culturale: esportazione, rinvenimento, ricerca, preservazione, mostra e diffusione.
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| 5. |
- Al Khabour, Anas
(författare)
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Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Properties in Arab States
- 2022
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present edited research aims to capture a bird’s-eye view of the phenomenon of illicit trafficking of cultural properties and to serve as a reference point for governments, enforcement agencies, international organizations, stakeholders, and civil societies. The targeted geographic region is the Arab World, the countries in the Middle East, Arabic Gulf, Horn of Africa and North Africa. There is absence of a holistic approach on the topic in this region.The present work investigates the nature of illicit trafficking of cultural properties, means and impact of illicit activities and crimes perpetrated against archaeological sites and museums. It attempts to fill a gap of knowledge on the phenomenon of illicit trafficking of cultural properties. Through up-to-date information, grounded on a solid research data, tracing the routes of illicit trafficking, analyzing the actual situation of the targeted region with an eye over the implementation of the international conventions, we aim to investigate possible firm responses to illicit trafficking and determine the priorities and needs of this region.We expect to translate the outcomes of this work into visible recommendations on the challenge of illicit trafficking of cultural properties in Arab region, to promote modalities for sharing data, and to encourage reviewing the legislative and judicial systems and practices connected to illicit trafficking of cultural properties. And finally, encourage coordination of stakeholders and using technological advances to fulfill this monumental duty.
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| 6. |
- Al Khabour, Anas
(författare)
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Insights from Central Syrian Desert on the migration routes of Homo erectus from Africa to Eurasia during the Paleolithic
- 2022
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Ingår i: Anthropologica et Praehistoria.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our knowledge regarding the migration of the Homo erectus towards Eurasia and the routes he took through the Middle East during the Paleolithic is limited. The latest surveys and excavations at sites in the central Syrian Desert have revealed important data on these routes. Archaeological labor documented numerous archaeological sites located between the Mount Bishri and the Middle Euphrates Valley, sites that witnessed lithic cultures during the Paleolithic. The remains of Homo erectus are documented in various sites in the region including the El-Kowm area, the Nadaouiyeh and Bir al-Hummal sites.This paper will present evidence in support of the early human existence in Syrian desert and will advance our understanding of the general prehistoric framework of human settlement in central Syria during the Paleolithic. It also aims to correlate it to the chain connected the earlier African specimens of Homo erectus with those in other parts of the Eurasia. The investigated area has provided relevant data on the Euphrates Valley as part of this path. The distribution of four groups of sites confirmed that the banks of the Middle Euphrates, especially the area near the Gorge of Khanuqa, witnessed the early establishment of the first prehistoric communities.
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| 7. |
- Al Khabour, Anas, 1976
(författare)
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RADICALISMO Y PATRIMONIO CULTURAL EN ORIENTE PRÓXIMO : Radicalism and Cultural Heritage in the Middle East
- 2016
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Ingår i: Hesperia, Culturas del Mediterráneo. - 1698-8795. ; 1:Dec, s. 63-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The arrival of the Islamic State in Syria and Iraq since 2014, alongside the devastating civil war in Syria, was accompanied by the high- scale destruction of the cultural heritage. All of the participants in the armed conflict have played a destructive role in this region. The aspect I will discuss in this paper is Daesh or the Islamic State, and how they are manipulating the world to destroy the heritage using religious labels; they have demolished monuments, art works, mosaics and large statues in the name of God, because this heritage represents polytheism, while at the same time selling archaeological items on the black market helps them to finance their state’s terrorist activities. The example of Palmyra provides relevant data to reveal the real reasons behind the destruction and adds more voices to the international calls to stop trafficking in items coming out of the conflict area.
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| 8. |
- Al Khabour, Anas, et al.
(författare)
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Raqqa : A History of the Destruction of Cultural Heritage
- 2021
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Ingår i: Heritage in Conflict. - 9789042943179 - 9789042943186 ; 57, s. 183-195
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present paper I will demonstrate the history of Raqqa’s cultural heritage, its floruit and its destruction, from its resettlement in the 19th century until the “Islamic State” period. I will also discuss the recent situation and the challenges to heritage associated with post-war construction in Raqqa. Raqqa was the summer capital of the caliph Harun Al Rashid and the centre of government for the Islamic world for 13 years. After the Mongols’ invasion in 1258 the city was abandoned for six centuries. The Ottoman Empire encouraged people to settle in the city by building the police station in 1863. After that date, many changes occurred to the city’s cultural heritage, but the most destructive challenge was the arrival of a new ideology and new people who targeted both the inhabitants and their heritage. This was the so-called “Islamic State” in Iraq and Syria, which settled in Raqqa, making it the capital de facto of the state; this period is known to the local population as “the dark plague”.
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| 9. |
- Al Khabour, Anas, 1976
(författare)
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Sergiupolis (Rusafa)
- 2016
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Ingår i: One hundred sites tell us the history of Syria / edited by Youssef Kanjou and Akira Tsuneki. - Oxford : Archaeopress Archaeology. - 9781784913816 ; , s. 379-381
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Al Khabour, Anas, 1976
(författare)
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Tell Damir; an early Abbasside settlement on the Balikh Valley
- 2016
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Ingår i: A history of Syria in one hundred sites / edited by Youssef Kanjou and Akira Tsuneki. - Oxford : Archaeopress Archaeology. - 9781784913816 ; , s. 447-449
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In July 2007 the General Directorate of Antiquities and Museums, Raqqa Department, started the first season of excavation at Tell Damir, directed by Anas al Khabour, Director of the Raqqa Department. In 2009 the Raqqa Department continued the second excavation season lead by Mohammed Jajan, director of the Raqqa Museum. Tell Damir (36°15'58.03"N, 38°59'46.51"E) is situated in a fertile area of the Balikh valley, 38km north of Raqqa city. The site is situated 287m a.s.l. and is accessible from the west by the old Balikh road and from the east by taking the newer Balikh road. It is divided in two parts, separated by the river into Tell Damir Sharqi (eastern) and Tell Damir Gharbi (western), with a total area of 60ha.
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