| 1. |
- El-Seedi, Hesham, et al.
(författare)
-
Antimicrobial Properties of Apis mellifera's Bee Venom
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Toxins. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6651. ; 12:7
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bee venom (BV) is a rich source of secondary metabolites from honeybees (Apis melliferaL.). It contains a variety of bioactive ingredients including peptides, proteins, enzymes, and volatile metabolites. The compounds contribute to the venom's observed biological functions as per its anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. The antimicrobial action of BV has been shown in vitro and in vivo experiments against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The synergistic therapeutic interactions of BV with antibiotics has been reported. The synergistic effect contributes to a decrease in the loading and maintenance dosage, a decrease in the side effects of chemotherapy, and a decrease in drug resistance. To our knowledge, there have been no reviews on the impact of BV and its antimicrobial constituents thus far. The purpose of this review is to address the antimicrobial properties of BV and its compounds.
|
|
| 2. |
- Khalifa, Shaden A. M., et al.
(författare)
-
Marine Natural Products : A Source of Novel Anticancer Drugs
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Marine Drugs. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-3397. ; 17:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer remains one of the most lethal diseases worldwide. There is an urgent need for new drugs with novel modes of action and thus considerable research has been conducted for new anticancer drugs from natural sources, especially plants, microbes and marine organisms. Marine populations represent reservoirs of novel bioactive metabolites with diverse groups of chemical structures. This review highlights the impact of marine organisms, with particular emphasis on marine plants, algae, bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, sponges and soft corals. Anti-cancer effects of marine natural products in in vitro and in vivo studies were first introduced; their activity in the prevention of tumor formation and the related compound-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicities were tackled. The possible molecular mechanisms behind the biological effects are also presented. The review highlights the diversity of marine organisms, novel chemical structures, and chemical property space. Finally, therapeutic strategies and the present use of marine-derived components, its future direction and limitations are discussed.
|
|
| 3. |
- Khalifa, Shaden A. M., et al.
(författare)
-
Truffles : From Islamic culture to chemistry, pharmacology, and food trends in recent times
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Trends in Food Science & Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-2244 .- 1879-3053. ; 91, s. 193-218
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Many years back, during Islamic civilization, truffle (Kama'ah) was mentioned by Prophet Muhammed (PBUH) to be well recognized as a therapeutic for eye diseases. (In the Sahihain, it is narrated that the Prophet said: The Kama'ah (truffle) is among the manna (which is a food mentioned in the Qura'n, Surah alBagarah), and its water (extract or juice) cures the eye diseases). Truffles represent a large group of soil fungi belonging to Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Zygomycota. Because of their exceptionally profitable protein, fat, polysaccharide, carbohydrate, ash, mineral, phenolic and other organic molecule contents, truffles have been appreciated as food, nutritional and therapeutic sources for many years. Scope and approach: The main aim of this review is to highlight a comprehensive compile of truffles traditional uses, mycochemistry, pharmacological properties and nutritional value with special focus on desert truffles. Such review represents a good candidate reference for future truffle research. Key findings and conclusions: In this review, we discuss the traditional aspects of truffles with reference to Prophetic Traditional Medicine (al-Tibb al-Nabawi) to cure aliments such as trachoma. The use of truffles is justified by many recent research findings with regards to their anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer properties. Although the molecular mechanism and functions of the different truffle species have been intensively studied, we look forward to translating these traditional remedies into preclinical and clinical applications.
|
|
| 4. |
- Moustafa, Moustafa Sherief, et al.
(författare)
-
Chemistry of Heterocyclic Five and Six Membered Enamino Nitriles and Enamino Esters
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Mini-Reviews in medical chemistry. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1389-5575 .- 1875-5607. ; 18:12, s. 992-1007
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Progress in the chemistry of cyclic enamino-nitriles based on the advanced synthetic methodologies is reported. Due to the recent accomplishment, it becomes possible to reactivate these molecules toward electrophiles, nucleophiles and as electron rich dienes in 2+3 dipolar additions and in 4+2 cycloadditions reactions. Synthesizing the poly functionalized 4H-pyrans and their fused derivatives is a fascinating field with a multitude of biological implications such as antitumor, cardiotonic, hepatoprotective, antihypertensive, antibronchitis, as well antifungal activity. This work was conducted with particular emphasis on reviewing the work done on the cyclic enamines since 1990 up till now in order to highlight in more details the synthetic pathways, interactions and the biological activities, Furthermore; we referred to the recent original data of our group contributions within this field.
|
|
| 5. |
- Moustafa, Moustafa Sherief, et al.
(författare)
-
Tales of the Unexpected in Synthesis of Polyfunctional Heteroaromatics
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Current Organic Synthesis. - : BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD. - 1570-1794 .- 1875-6271. ; 15:5, s. 587-602
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Our research group has a longstanding interest in the synthesis of novel functionalized heteroaromatic compounds, and the development of new methods for this purpose. During our ongoing investigations, we recently had an instance to check the reproducibility of some published results concerning the chemistry of arylhydrazonals, enamines and other functionally substituted carbonyl compounds. This work has led to the discovery of some new rearrangements, and the revision of the structures originally assigned to several molecules.Objective: This review surveys some correction of several erroneous reports that have appeared in the literature, and presents some interesting new rearrangements discovered in the course of investigating older reports.Results: The crystallographic studies revealed that the condensation of arylhydrazonals with active methylenenitriles yields arylazoniconates rather than pyridazenones as previously reported. Additionally, phenathylthiocyanate reacts with malononitrile to afford thiazoles rather than the previously reported condensation with the carbonyl group. In another example, the reaction of phenethylmalononitrile with hydrazine yields pyrazolopyridazenes rather than phenacylpyrazol-3,5-diamine. In yet another case, several interesting Dimrothtype rearrangements were observed when malononitrile was condensed with enaminones, contradicting earlier reports. Unexpectedly, these enaminones underwent self-trimerization to yield 1,3,5-trisubstituted benzenes under certain conditions. Enaminonitriles also undergo interesting and novel Dimroth rearrangements when reacted with cyclohexanedione or dehydroacetic acid derivatives.Conclusion: We have shown that the structures of several complex heterocyclic compounds that have been reported in the literature over the last 50 years were incorrectly assigned, possibly because the authors who originally reported them were using substandard or outdated analytical equipments.
|
|
