| 1. |
- Albers, Heidi J., et al.
(författare)
-
Spatial protected area decisions to reduce carbon emissions from forest extraction
- 2020
-
Ingår i: SPATIAL ECONOMIC ANALYSIS. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1742-1772 .- 1742-1780. ; 15:3, s. 280-298
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protected areas (PAs) can mitigate climate change by reducing carbon emissions that result from forest loss. Carbon emissions from forest degradation are a large component of forest loss and are often driven by the extraction decisions of resource-dependent households. PA policies must reflect how villagers use forests to be effective. Here, a spatial Nash equilibrium of extractors' uncoordinated forest extraction pattern decisions establishes a baseline of forest-use patterns. Using that baseline, a manager chooses the location and enforcement level of PAs to maximize the avoided forest degradation in the landscape and in the PAs. Optimal PA locations depend on the labour market and the distance between forest patches. A combination of wage-improving projects and appropriately located PAs increases avoided forest degradation.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Robinson, Elizabeth, et al.
(författare)
-
Sizing reserves within a landscape: The roles of villagers' reactions and the ecological-socioeconomic setting
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Land Economics. - : University of Wisconsin Press. - 0023-7639 .- 1543-8325. ; 87:2, s. 233-249
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traditionally, siting and sizing decisions for parks and reserves reflected ecological characteristics but typically failed to consider ecological costs created from displaced resource collection, welfare costs on nearby rural people, and enforcement costs. Using a spatial game-theoretic model that incorporates the interaction of socioeconomic and ecological settings, we show how incorporating more recent mandates that include rural welfare and surrounding landscapes can result in very different optimal sizing decisions. The model informs our discussion of recent forest management in Tanzania, reserve sizing and siting decisions, estimating reserve effectiveness, and determining patterns of avoided forest degradation in Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation programs. © 2011 by the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System.
|
|
| 4. |
- Sterner, Erik, 1984, et al.
(författare)
-
Location choice for renewable resource extraction with multiple non-cooperative extractors: a spatial Nash equilibrium model and numerical implementation
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1864-4031 .- 1864-404X. ; 11:3, s. 315-331
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Especially in lower-income countries, the distribution of renewable resources in open access settings often reflects the non-cooperative spatial extraction decisions of many individuals who spread out across a landscape. These individuals recognize tradeoffs between distance to the resource, density, and competition amongst extractors. In this paper we present a game theoretic model that explicitly accommodates such explicitly spatial non-cooperative behavior with respect to the extraction of a stationary renewable natural resource, such as a non-timber forest products or bivalvia (for example, oysters, clams), that is located in a two dimensional landscape. Villagers that have identical labor allocations and preferences are shown to undertake very different extraction pathways in equilibrium. For example, some may extract in more congested patches closer to the village while others may extract in less crowded but more distant patches. For many parameterizations, we find multiple spatial Nash equilibria that differ with respect to the number of villagers at each resource location, whether individual villagers extract from one or multiple locations, and the extent and spatial pattern of resource degradation. In addition to finding equilibria with widely different actions taken by identical extractors, the analysis here demonstrates the impact of simplifying assumptions for spatial decisions on predictions of policy impact, resource distributions, and conflict.
|
|
