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| 2. |
- Zettergren, Henning, et al.
(författare)
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Roadmap on dynamics of molecules and clusters in the gas phase
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal D. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6060 .- 1434-6079. ; 75:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This roadmap article highlights recent advances, challenges and future prospects in studies of the dynamics of molecules and clusters in the gas phase. It comprises nineteen contributions by scientists with leading expertise in complementary experimental and theoretical techniques to probe the dynamics on timescales spanning twenty order of magnitudes, from attoseconds to minutes and beyond, and for systems ranging in complexity from the smallest (diatomic) molecules to clusters and nanoparticles. Combining some of these techniques opens up new avenues to unravel hitherto unexplored reaction pathways and mechanisms, and to establish their significance in, e.g. radiotherapy and radiation damage on the nanoscale, astrophysics, astrochemistry and atmospheric science.
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| 3. |
- Albertini, Federica, et al.
(författare)
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Higher form symmetries and M-theory
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - : SPRINGER. - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We discuss the geometric origin of discrete higher form symmetries of quantum field theories in terms of defect groups from geometric engineering in M-theory. The flux non-commutativity in M-theory gives rise to (mixed) 't Hooft anomalies for the defect group which constrains the corresponding global structures of the associated quantum fields. We analyze the example of 4d N = 1 SYM gauge theory in four dimensions, and we reproduce the well-known classification of global structures from reading between its lines. We extend this analysis to the case of 7d N = 1 SYM theory, where we recover it from a mixed 't Hooft anomaly among the electric 1-form center symmetry and the magnetic 4-form center symmetry in the defect group. The case of five-dimensional SCFTs from M-theory on toric singularities is discussed in detail. In that context we determine the corresponding 1-form and 2-form defect groups and we explain how to determine the corresponding mixed 't Hooft anomalies from flux non-commutativity. Several predictions for non-conventional 5d SCFTs are obtained. The matching of discrete higher-form symmetries and their anomalies provides an interesting consistency check for 5d dualities.
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| 4. |
- Clerbaux, LA, et al.
(författare)
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Factors Modulating COVID-19: A Mechanistic Understanding Based on the Adverse Outcome Pathway Framework
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical medicine. - : MDPI AG. - 2077-0383. ; 11:15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Addressing factors modulating COVID-19 is crucial since abundant clinical evidence shows that outcomes are markedly heterogeneous between patients. This requires identifying the factors and understanding how they mechanistically influence COVID-19. Here, we describe how eleven selected factors (age, sex, genetic factors, lipid disorders, heart failure, gut dysbiosis, diet, vitamin D deficiency, air pollution and exposure to chemicals) influence COVID-19 by applying the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP), which is well-established in regulatory toxicology. This framework aims to model the sequence of events leading to an adverse health outcome. Several linear AOPs depicting pathways from the binding of the virus to ACE2 up to clinical outcomes observed in COVID-19 have been developed and integrated into a network offering a unique overview of the mechanisms underlying the disease. As SARS-CoV-2 infectibility and ACE2 activity are the major starting points and inflammatory response is central in the development of COVID-19, we evaluated how those eleven intrinsic and extrinsic factors modulate those processes impacting clinical outcomes. Applying this AOP-aligned approach enables the identification of current knowledge gaps orientating for further research and allows to propose biomarkers to identify of high-risk patients. This approach also facilitates expertise synergy from different disciplines to address public health issues.
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| 5. |
- Serra, Immacolata, et al.
(författare)
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Developing a Collection of Immobilized Nucleoside Phosphorylases for the Preparation of Nucleoside Analogues: Enzymatic Synthesis of Arabinosyladenine and 2,3-Dideoxyinosine
- 2013
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Ingår i: Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications. - : Wiley. - 2192-6506. ; 78:2, s. 157-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of nucleoside phosphorylases (NPs; EC 2.4.2.n) represents a convenient alternative to the chemical route for the synthesis of natural and modified nucleosides. We purified four recombinantly expressed nucleoside phosphorylases from the bacterial pathogens Citrobacter koseri, Clostridium perfringens, and Streptococcus pyogenes (CkPNPI, CkPNPII, CpUP, SpUP) and their substrate specificity was investigated towards either natural pyrimidine or purine nucleosides and some analogues, namely, arabinosyladenine (araA) and 2,3-dideoxyinosine (ddI). A 23% activity towards these latter compounds (compared to the natural substrates) was observed. Enzyme activities were compared to the specificities obtained for the enzymes pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase from Bacillus subtilis (BsPyNP) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase from Aeromonas hydrophila (AhPNPII) previously reported by some of the authors. The enzymes displaying the suitable specificity for the synthesis of araA and ddI were immobilized on aldehydeagarose. The immobilized preparations were highly stable at alkaline pH and in the presence of methanol or acetonitrile as cosolvent. They were used in the synthesis of araA and ddI by a one-pot, bienzymatic transglycosylation achieving 74 and 44% conversion, respectively.
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