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- Dall'Era, Marc A., et al.
(författare)
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Active surveillance for early-stage prostate cancer : review of the current literature
- 2008
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Ingår i: Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0008-543X .- 1097-0142. ; 112:8, s. 1650-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The natural history of prostate cancer is remarkably heterogeneous and, at this time, not completely understood. The widespread adoption and application of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening has led to a dramatic shift toward the diagnosis of low-volume, nonpalpable, early-stage tumors. Autopsy and early observational studies have shown that approximately 1 in 3 men aged >50 years has histologic evidence of prostate cancer, with a significant portion of tumors being small and possibly clinically insignificant. Utilizing the power of improved contemporary risk stratification schema to better identify patients with a low risk of cancer progression, several centers are gaining considerable experience with active surveillance and delayed, selective, and curative therapy. A literature review was performed to evaluate the rationale behind active surveillance for prostate cancer and to describe the early experiences from surveillance protocols. It appears that a limited number of men on active surveillance have required treatment, with the majority of such men having good outcomes after delayed selective intervention for progressive disease. The best candidates for active surveillance are being defined, as are predictors of active treatment. The psychosocial ramifications of surveillance for prostate cancer can be profound and future needs and unmet goals will be discussed.
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- Husby, O., et al.
(författare)
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Dealing with L1 background and L2 dialects in Norwegian CAPT
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of ISCA International Workshop on Speech and Language Technology in Education. - : The International Society for Computers and Their Applications (ISCA).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article describes the CALST project, in which the primary aim is to develop Ville-N, a CAPT system for learners of Norwegian as a second language. Since there is no accepted pronunciation standard in Norwegian, the system uses four dialects (represented by one male and one female speaker each). Ville-N makes use of L1-L2map, a tool for multi-lingual contrastive analysis, to generate a list of expected pronunciation problems. These can be used to tailor pronunciation and listening exercises. The tool can also be used for other target languages. We propose L1-L2map as a collaborative tool for the CAPT community. Index Terms. CAPT, Ville-N, Norwegian, dialects, multi-lingual contrastive analysis, L1-L2map
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- Simpkin, Andrew J., et al.
(författare)
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Prostate-specific antigen patterns in US and European populations : comparison of six diverse cohorts
- 2016
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Ingår i: BJU International. - : Wiley. - 1464-4096 .- 1464-410X. ; 118:6, s. 911-918
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there are differences in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels at diagnosis or changes in PSA levels between US and European populations of men with and without prostate cancer (PCa).SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We analysed repeated measures of PSA from six clinically and geographically diverse cohorts of men: two cohorts with PSA-detected PCa, two cohorts with clinically detected PCa and two cohorts without PCa. Using multilevel models, average PSA at diagnosis and PSA change over time were compared among study populations.RESULTS: The annual percentage PSA change of 4-5% was similar between men without cancer and men with PSA-detected cancer. PSA at diagnosis was 1.7 ng/mL lower in a US cohort of men with PSA-detected PCa (95% confidence interval 1.3-2.0 ng/mL), compared with a UK cohort of men with PSA-detected PCa, but there was no evidence of a different rate of PSA change between these populations.CONCLUSION: We found that PSA changes over time are similar in UK and US men diagnosed through PSA testing and even in men without PCa. Further development of PSA models to monitor men on active surveillance should be undertaken in order to take advantage of these similarities. We found no evidence that guidelines for using PSA to monitor men cannot be passed between US and European studies.
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- Wik, Preben, et al.
(författare)
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Contrastive analysis through L1-L2map
- 2011
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Ingår i: TMH-QPSR. - 1104-5787. ; 51:1, s. 49-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper describes the CALST project, in which the primary aim is to developVille-N, a computer assisted pronunciation training (CAPT) system for learners ofNorwegian as a second language. Ville-N makes use of L1-L2map, a tool for multilingualcontrastive analysis, to generate a list of language-specific features. Thesecan be used to tailor pronunciation and listening exercises. The tool can also beused for other target languages.
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