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- Albertsson, Eva, 1979, et al.
(author)
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Carbonyl reductase mRNA abundance and enzymatic activity as potential biomarkers of oxidative stress in marine fish
- 2012
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In: Marine Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-1136. ; 80, s. 56-61
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Carbonyl reductase (CBR) is an enzyme involved in protection from oxidative stress. In rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), the hepatic mRNA abundance of the two isoforms (A and B) is increased after exposure to treated sewage effluents, as well as after exposure with beta-naphthoflavone (beta-NF) and the pro-oxidant paraquat In this study, we show that the same chemicals similarly increase the single known hepatic CBR mRNA level and CBR catalytic activity in the coastal living eelpout (Zoarces viviparus). Hepatic CBR mRNA abundance and catalytic activity were also compared between eelpout collected at contaminated and reference sites on the Swedish west coast, but no differences were observed. In conclusion, CBR is a potential biomarker candidate for monitoring the exposure and effects of AhR agonists and/or pro-oxidants in the marine environment, but more research is needed to investigate temporal regulation as well as dose dependency for different chemicals. The mRNA and enzymatic assays presented in this study provide two additional tools for researchers interested in expanding their biomarker battery. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Albertsson, Eva, 1979
(author)
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From Proteomic Analysis to Biomarker Application - Studies of Carbonyl Reductase in Fish
- 2011
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Many anthropogenic substances are present in the aquatic environment, but there is limited information on how this combination of chemicals affects exposed wildlife. To assess the impact of chemicals, a biomarker approach is frequently applied in environmental biomonitoring programmes. In this thesis, proteomic analysis was used as a hypothesis generator for biomarker development in fish. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was performed on a liver fraction from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that were caged downstream of a sewage treatment plant, and it was found that a protein identified as carbonyl reductase was induced. This was confirmed with qPCR, indicating that carbonyl reductase mRNA expression levels were markedly induced by the same effluent and also by a second investigated sewage treatment plant effluent of a similar character. More advanced sewage treatment technologies reduced carbonyl reductase mRNA expression, indicating that fish that were exposed to effluents of conventionally treated sewage have induced hepatic carbonyl reductase expression. To obtain more information regarding the possible inducers of carbonyl reductase, several different single-substance exposure studies were performed with rainbow trout in controlled aquaria systems. The results demonstrated that hepatic carbonyl reductase expression was not induced by the steroids that were tested but by an aryl hydrocarbon agonist and a pro-oxidant. Others have observed substances with the same mode of action in the effluents of Swedish sewage treatment plants. To promote the use of carbonyl reductase as a biomarker, a method for measuring enzymatic activity was developed in the sentinel coastal fish species eelpout (Zoarces viviparus), which is included in the Swedish national integrated fish-monitoring program. The protocol for carbonyl reductase enzymatic activity combined with qPCR analyses in eelpout were applied on a comprehensive field material, including sites with different grades of pollution among the Swedish, Danish and German coasts. Carbonyl reductase activity and mRNA did not show any site-specific differences between the polluted and reference sites. Therefore, it can be concluded that the induction of carbonyl reductase appears to be a promising biomarker for assessing exposure and the possible impact of sewage treatment plant effluents in caged fish. However, more research is required before and if carbonyl reductase can be used in biomonitoring programmes as a biomarker to assess the impact of toxic chemicals in wild fish populations.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Albertsson, Eva, 1979, et al.
(author)
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Induction of hepatic carbonyl reductase/20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase mRNA in rainbow trout downstream from sewage treatment works--possible roles of aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists and oxidative stress.
- 2010
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In: Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands). - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1514 .- 0166-445X. ; 97:3, s. 243-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Carbonyl reductase/20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (CR/20beta-HSD) serves both as a key enzyme in the gonadal synthesis of maturing-inducing hormone in salmonids, and as an enzyme protecting against certain reactive oxygen species. We have previously shown that mRNA of the hepatic CR/20beta-HSD B isoform is increased in rainbow trout caged downstream from a Swedish sewage treatment plant. Here, we report an increase of both the A as well as B form in fish kept downstream from a second sewage treatment plant. The two mRNAs were also induced in fish hepatoma cells in vitro after exposure to effluent extract. This indicates that the effects observed in vivo could be a direct effect on the liver, i.e. the mRNA induction does not require a signal from any other organ. When fish were exposed in vivo to several effluents treated with more advanced methods (ozone, moving bed biofilm reactor or membrane bioreactor) the expression of hepatic mRNA CR/20beta-HSD A and B was significantly reduced. Their abundance did not parallel the reduction of estrogen-responsive transcripts, in agreement with our previous observations that ethinylestradiol is not a potent inducer. Treatment with norethisterone, methyltestosterone or hydrocortisone in vivo did not induce the hepatic CR/20beta-HSD A and B mRNA expression. In contrast, both isoforms were markedly induced by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist beta-naphthoflavone as well as by the pro-oxidant herbicide paraquat. We hypothesize that the induction of CR/20beta-HSD A and B by sewage effluents could be due to anthropogenic contaminants stimulating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and/or causing oxidative stress.
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| 5. |
- Albertsson, Eva, 1979, et al.
(author)
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Marin fiskodling på den svenska västkusten: Biologiska förutsättningar : Rapport nummer 1 från Vattenbrukscentrum Väst, Göteborgs universitet
- 2013
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I den av regeringen beställda utredningen ”Det växande Vattenbrukslandet” föreslås att ”Göteborgs universitet (GU) tillförs resurser för att fortsätta att utveckla vattenbruksrelaterad forskning när det gäller musslor, ostron och marina fiskarter”. Därför tog under 2011 företrädare inom den odlingsrelaterade fiskforskningen vid Gö- teborgs universitet initiativet till denna studie om förutsättningarna för marin fiskodling. Studien har syftet att utreda de odlingsbiologiska förutsättningarna för etablering av vattenbruk av marina fiskarter på den svenska västkusten. Målet är att den ska kunna användas som kunskapsunderlag för en framtida handlingsplan för fiskodling på västkusten, och främja kunskapsutbytet mellan den fiskodlingsrelaterade forskningen, beslutsfat- tande organ och privata entreprenörer för att utveckla konkurrenskraftiga innovationer inom vattenbruket. En central fråga för sammanhanget är vilka fiskarter det finns potential för att odla på den svenska västkusten. Vattenbruket måste vara ekonomiskt bärkraftigt och en urvalsmodell baserad på svenska marina fiskarters kg- pris i förhållande till en minsta tänkbara produktionskostnad användes därför i denna studie. Vidare bedöm- des arterna utifrån kunskapsläge och odlingspotential. Arterna hälleflundra, tunga, piggvar, havskatt (vanlig och fläckig) samt lyrtorsk och torsk bedömdes att vara ”kandidatarter” för framtida odling i Sverige. För dessa arter gjordes omfattande studier för att vidare utreda behov och möjligheter. Det gjordes även en analys av de abiotiska faktorerna (vattentemperatur, syrgas- och salthalt) på den svenska västkusten. I en sista del av studien kombinerades kunskapen om kandidatarternas biologiska förutsättningar med västkustens abiotiska faktorer. De abiotiska förhållandena på den svenska västkusten är inte odlingsbiologiskt optimala för traditionell nät- kasseodling för någon av de framtagna kandidatarterna, då för höga sommartemperaturer skapar problem för kallvattensarterna medan varmvattensarterna hämmas av de låga vintertemperaturerna. En av de huvudsak- liga slutsatserna i denna rapport är därför att året-runt-bedriven fiskodling i öppna system, såsom i kustnära nätkassar, knappast är praktiskt genomförbart på den svenska västkusten för de arter som i denna studie i övrigt ansågs ha hög odlingspotential. För etablering av framgångsrika odlingssystem behövs speciella tekniska lösningar, som möjliggör reglering av abiotiska faktorer såsom syrgashalter och temperatur. För att Sverige skall kunna bli ett växande vattenbruksland krävs samordnade insatser mellan forskare från flera discipliner, privata aktörer och andra intressenter. Dessutom krävs satsningar på forskning och utredning av de mera tekniskt avancerade odlingssystem som den svenska västkusten kommer behöva. Med tanke på miljöbelastningsproblematiken kring öppna havsbaserade system för fiskodling samt de abiotiska faktorerna längs västkusten som inte är optimala för någon av kandidatarterna i utredningen, så är slutsatsen att man bör undersöka, alternativa odlingssystem till traditionella öppna nätkassar för fiskodling, där man kan kontrollera faktorer som temperatur, salthalt och syrenivåer och minimera utsläppen. Nästa steg som föreslås är att göra en teknisk/ekonomisk utredning kring hållbara havs- eller landbaserade system för marin fiskodling. Utred- ningen bör innehålla fall-studier för en eller två fiskarter och ett kräftdjur och inkludera en myndighetspröv- ning för de framtagna koncepten. Ytterligare en förutsättning för att vattenbruket skall kunna utvecklas är satsningar på nödvändig infrastruktur, som ett marint kläckeri för forskning och utvecklingsarbete.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Albertsson, Eva, 1979, et al.
(author)
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Proteomic analyses indicate induction of hepatic carbonyl reductase/20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase B in rainbow trout exposed to sewage effluent.
- 2007
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In: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. - : Elsevier BV. - 0147-6513. ; 68:1, s. 33-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Proteomic analyses were performed to identify regulated liver proteins in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) caged upstream and downstream from a sewage treatment works (STW). Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, image analysis and FT-ICR mass-spectrometry revealed four regulated protein spots. The three down-regulated spots contained betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and an unidentified protein respectively. The only up-regulated spot consisted of both mitochondrial ATP synthase alpha-subunit and carbonyl reductase/20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (CR/20beta-HSD). Further studies using quantitative PCR revealed a 13.5-fold induction of CR/20beta-HSD B mRNA following STW effluent exposure. The CR/20beta-HSD B gene was not regulated by 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, suggesting that its induction downstream from the STW is due to other factors than exposure to estrogens. Image analysis was initially performed on four gels from each group. These analyses suggested 15 regulated spots. However, validation of the 15 spots by increasing the number of replicates confirmed only four regulated spots. Hence, the present study also demonstrates the need for sufficient biological/technical replication in the interpretation of proteomic data.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Asker, Noomi, 1968, et al.
(author)
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A gene to organism approach-assessing the impact of environmental pollution in eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) females and larvae
- 2015
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In: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 0730-7268 .- 1552-8618. ; 34:7, s. 1511-1523
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A broad biomarker approach was applied to study the effects of marine pollution along the Swedish west coast using the teleost eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) as the sentinel species. Measurements were performed on different biological levels, from the molecular to the organismal, including measurements of messenger RNA (mRNA), proteins, cellular and tissue changes, and reproductive success. Results revealed that eelpout captured in Stenungsund had significantly higher hepatic ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity, high levels of both cytochrome P4501A and diablo homolog mRNA, and high prevalence of dead larvae and nuclear damage in erythrocytes. Eelpout collected in Göteborg harbor displayed extensive macrovesicular steatosis, whereby the majority of hepatocytes were affected throughout the liver, which could indicate an effect on lipid metabolism. Results also indicate that eelpouts collected at polluted sites might have an affected immune system, with lower mRNA expression of genes involved in the innate immune system and a higher number of lymphocytes. Biomarker assessment also was performed on livers dissected from unborn eelpout larvae collected from the ovary of the females. No significant differences were noted, which might indicate that the larvae to some extent are protected from effects of environmental pollutants. In conclusion, usage of the selected set of biological markers, covering responses from gene to organism, has demonstrated site-specific biomarker patterns that provided a broad and comprehensive picture of the impact of environmental stressors.
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