| 1. |
- Lee, Eun-Young, et al.
(författare)
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Play, Learn, and Teach Outdoors—Network (PLaTO-Net) : terminology, taxonomy, and ontology
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1479-5868. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A recent dialogue in the field of play, learn, and teach outdoors (referred to as “PLaTO” hereafter) demonstrated the need for developing harmonized and consensus-based terminology, taxonomy, and ontology for PLaTO. This is important as the field evolves and diversifies in its approaches, contents, and contexts over time and in different countries, cultures, and settings. Within this paper, we report the systematic and iterative processes undertaken to achieve this objective, which has built on the creation of the global PLaTO-Network (PLaTO-Net). Methods: This project comprised of four major methodological phases. First, a systematic scoping review was conducted to identify common terms and definitions used pertaining to PLaTO. Second, based on the results of the scoping review, a draft set of key terms, taxonomy, and ontology were developed, and shared with PLaTO members, who provided feedback via four rounds of consultation. Third, PLaTO terminology, taxonomy, and ontology were then finalized based on the feedback received from 50 international PLaTO member participants who responded to ≥ 3 rounds of the consultation survey and dialogue. Finally, efforts to share and disseminate project outcomes were made through different online platforms. Results: This paper presents the final definitions and taxonomy of 31 PLaTO terms along with the PLaTO-Net ontology model. The model incorporates other relevant concepts in recognition that all the aspects of the model are interrelated and interconnected. The final terminology, taxonomy, and ontology are intended to be applicable to, and relevant for, all people encompassing various identities (e.g., age, gender, culture, ethnicity, ability). Conclusions: This project contributes to advancing PLaTO-based research and facilitating intersectoral and interdisciplinary collaboration, with the long-term goal of fostering and strengthening PLaTO’s synergistic linkages with healthy living, environmental stewardship, climate action, and planetary health agendas. Notably, PLaTO terminology, taxonomy and ontology will continue to evolve, and PLaTO-Net is committed to advancing and periodically updating harmonized knowledge and understanding in the vast and interrelated areas of PLaTO.
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| 2. |
- Jonsson, M., et al.
(författare)
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Imaging of hydrogen peroxide in an HCCI engine using photofragmentation laser-induced fluorescence
- 2012
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Ingår i: Laser Applications to Chemical, Security and Environmental Analysis, LACSEA 2012. - Washington, D.C. : OSA. - 9781557529336
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is for the first time measured and imaged in two-dimensions in an HCCI engine using photofragmentation laser-induced fluorescence (PF-LIF). Qualitatively, the experimental data agree with simulations.
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| 3. |
- Verhoeven, L. M., et al.
(författare)
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A numerical and experimental study of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in a laminar diffusion flame
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Combustion Institute. - : Elsevier BV. - 1540-7489. ; 34, s. 1819-1826
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the process of biomass gasification tars are formed which exit the gasifier in vapor phase. Tar condensation creates problems like fouling and plugging of after-treatment, conversion and end-use equipment. Gasification tars consist mainly of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Former research has shown the possibilities and difficulties of tar conversion by partial combustion. Basic studies to investigate the oxidation of tars in non-premixed combustion processes are expected to give more insight in this problem. In this paper the ability of the flamelet-generated manifold (FGM) approach to numerically model multi-dimensional, laminar, non-premixed flames with the inclusion of PAH chemistry is investigated. Modeling detailed PAH chemistry requires the employment of large reaction mechanisms which lead to expensive numerical calculations. The application of a reduction technique like FGM leads to a considerable decrease (up to two orders) in the required computation time. A 1D numerical validation shows that the improvements achieved by implementing a varying Lewis number for the progress variable Y are significant for PAH species with a large Lewis number, such as C10H8. Considerable improvements are found near the flame front and on the fuel side of the flame. A comparison has been made of FGM results with qualitative Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) measurements. A laminar CH4/N-2-air co-flow flame has been doped with two dopants, benzene and toluene, at three different concentrations. A set of filters was used in order to qualitatively distinguish the small (1-2 rings) and large (3 or more rings) aromatic species. The results show that the model is able to capture the major flame characteristics typical for PAH formation in multi-dimensional laminar non-premixed flames. (C) 2012 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- ALDEN, M, et al.
(författare)
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INFLUENCE OF SELECTED VARIABLES ON HEAT OF FUSION DETERMINATIONS BY OSCILLATING DSC
- 1995
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Ingår i: THERMOCHIMICA ACTA. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0040-6031. ; 265, s. 89-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The influence of variables on the determination of the heat of fusion for phases with different crystallinity was investigated using oscillating differential scanning calorimetry (ODSC). The hydrophobic drug griseofulvin (GRIS) represented a crystalline s
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| 5. |
- Baudoin, Eric, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of partial premixing on stabilization and local extinction of turbulent methane/air flames
- 2013
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Ingår i: Flow, Turbulence and Combustion. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-1987 .- 1386-6184. ; 90:2, s. 269-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedThe stabilization characteristics and local extinction structures of partially premixed methane/air flames were studied using simultaneous OH-PLIF/PIV techniques, and large eddy simulations employing a two-scalar flamelet model. Partial premixing was made in a mixing chamber comprised of two concentric tubes, where the degree of partial premixing of fuel and air was controlled by varying the mixing length of the chamber. At the exit of the mixing chamber a cone was mounted to stabilize the flames at high turbulence intensities. The stability regime of flames was determined for different degree of partial premixing and Reynolds numbers. It was found that in general partially premixed flames at low Reynolds numbers become more stable when the level of partial premixing of air to the fuel stream decreases. At high Reynolds numbers, for the presently studied burner configuration there is an optimal partial premixing level of air to the fuel stream at which the flame is most stable. OH-PLIF images revealed that for the stable flames not very close to the blowout regime, significant local extinction holes appear already. By increasing premixing air to fuel stream successively, local extinction holes grow in size leading to eventual flame blowout. Local flame extinction was found to frequently attain to locations where locally high velocity flows impinging to the flame. The local flame extinction poses a future challenge for model simulations and the present flames provide a possible test case for such study.
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| 6. |
- Baudoin, Eric, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of partial premixing on stabilization and local extinction of turbulent methane/air flames
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 17th Mediterranean Combustion symposium, MCS 7. - 9788888104126
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The stabilization characteristics and local extinction structures of partially premixed methane/air flames were studied using simultaneous OH-PLIF/PIV techniques, and large eddy simulations employing a two-scalar flamelet model. Partial premixing was made in a mixing chamber comprised of two concentric tubes, where the degree of partial premixing of fuel and air was controlled by varying the mixing length of the chamber. At the exit of the mixing chamber a cone was mounted to stabilize the flames at high turbulence intensities. The stability regime of flames was determined for different degree of partial premixing and Reynolds numbers. It was found that in general partially premixed flames at low Reynolds numbers become more stable when the level of partial premixing of air to the fuel stream decreases. At high Reynolds numbers, for the presently studied burner configuration there is an optimal partial premixing level of air to the fuel stream at which the flame is most stable. OH-PLIF images revealed that for the stable flames not very close to the blowout regime,significant local extinction holes appear already. By increasing premixing air to fuel stream successively, local extinction holes grow in size leading to eventual flame blowout. Local flame extinction was found to frequently attain to locations where locally high velocity flows impinging to the flame. The local flame extinction poses a future challenge for model simulations and the present flames provide a possible test case for such study.
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| 7. |
- Brackmann, C., et al.
(författare)
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Strategies for formaldehyde detection in flames and engines using a single-mode Nd : YAG/OPO laser system
- 2004
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Ingår i: ; , s. 293-293
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Technical developments for the detection of formaldehyde using laser-induced fluorescence were presented. A technique for simultaneous detection of formaldehyde and OH using one laser system was presented. The combined formaldehyde and OH technique was applied in laboratory flames and a small spark-ignition engine. The iodine measurement was performed in a cell using the second harmonic of the single-mode Nd:YAG laser and used for wavelength calibration of the laser. Spectral studies of the fluorescence emission indicated that both the peaks as well as the continuous part originated from formaldehyde. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the 30th International Symposium on Combustion (Chicago, IL 7/25-30/2004).
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Leffler, T., et al.
(författare)
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Development of an alkali chloride vapour-generating apparatus for calibration of ultraviolet absorption measurements
- 2017
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 88:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel design of alkali chloride vapour-generating cell has been developed, which can serve as a calibration cell for quantitative ultraviolet absorption concentration measurements and meticulous spectral investigations of alkali compounds. The calibration cell was designed to provide alkali vapour of well-controlled concentrations and temperatures, and consisted of a sealed quartz cell measuring 0.4 m in length with a temperature-controlled reservoir containing solid alkali salt. The cell was placed in a furnace and the alkali vapours generated from the reservoir have direct access to the measuring chamber. Investigations of potassium chloride (KCl) were made on sublimated vapour at temperatures 650, 700, 750, 780, and 800 °C while the reservoir temperature was kept 50 °C lower to avoid condensation. The cell provides stable KCl vapour pressures, and the furnace provides a homogenous temperature profile along the cell. KCl vapour pressures are well characterised and conform the base for determination of the KCl concentration in the cell. The alkali chloride levels matched the concentration range of the absorption setup and indicated a previously employed calibration method to overestimate KCl concentrations. The KCl absorption cross sections for wavelengths λ=197.6 nm and λ=246.2 nm were calculated to be 3.4 × 10−17 and 2.9 × 10−17 cm2/molecule, respectively. The absorption cross section spectra did not show any structural differences with increasing temperature, which could indicate influence of dimers or significant changes of the population in the KCl vibrational states. The KCl absorption cross sections thus did not show any temperature dependence in the temperature region of 700-800 °C. Moreover, the applicability of the calibration cell for measurement of other alkali chlorides and hydroxides is discussed.
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| 10. |
- Leffler, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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ON-Line alkali measurement for fuel quality control in biomass-Operated boilers
- 2016
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Ingår i: IFRF Combustion Journal. - 1562-479X. ; 2016:1, s. 1-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today's power plants are shifting their combustion toward a more complex fuel mix on the grounds of environmental impact, cost, availability and regulations. Certain new types of fuel can be classified into the following groups: herbaceous material (straw and grass), agricultural by-products (pits, shells and hulls), wood, and waste fuels. These fuels contain various amounts of alkali metals, mainly potassium and sodium, as well as chlorine and sulphur, which are easily vaporised in the combustion process and are involved in processes that cause severe slagging, fouling and high-temperature corrosion problems in the furnace and further downstream in the boiler. In this study, combustion of three different biomass fuel mixes was investigated in a circulating fluidized bed boiler. An on-line alkali-chloride monitoring instrument was used to gather valuable information for evaluating the fuel quality in terms of harmful alkali chlorides, measuring the sum of alkali chlorides (potassium chloride and sodium chloride) based on ultraviolet absorption. In addition, two batches of wood biomass fuel were compared during combustion in a full-scale powder fuel boiler. In all cases the impact of changes in fuel composition on alkali-chloride formation levels were monitored quantitatively with a time resolution in the order of seconds, allowing for analysis and countermeasures. The study concluded that the employment of an on-line alkali monitoring device to prevent alkali-chloride problems is a cost-efficient, sustainable solution that extends the operational time of the boiler and reduces its maintenance costs.
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