| 1. |
- Ahldén, Ingegerd, et al.
(författare)
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Parenthood education in Swedish antenatal care : perceptions of midwives and obstetricians in charge.
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Journal of perinatal education : an ASPO/Lamaze publication. - 1058-1243. ; 17:2, s. 21-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe perceptions of parenthood education among midwives and obstetricians in charge of antenatal care in Sweden. Focus group interviews of 25 obstetricians and midwives were conducted. Data were analyzed with a phenomenographic approach. Five main categories emerged: aim of the parenthood education, content and expectations, implementation, support to group leaders, and strategies for the future. There is a strong belief in parenthood education, and the overall aim was considered to be support in the transition to parenthood. Contents should focus on awareness of the expected child, confidence in the biological processes, and the changes of roles. Pedagogies training, cost effectiveness, development, and the need to reach target groups were emphasized.
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| 2. |
- Ahldén, Ingegerd, et al.
(författare)
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Parents' Expectations About Participating in Antenatal Parenthood Education Classes
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Journal of Perinatal Education. - : Springer Publishing Company. - 1058-1243 .- 1548-8519. ; 21:1, s. 11-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our objective was to assess parents' expectations about participating in antenatal parenthood education classes and to determine whether their expectations might be related to gender, age, and educational level. Data from 1,117 women and 1,019 partners residing in three cities in Sweden were collected with a questionnaire in a cross-sectional study. Participants believed that antenatal education classes would help them to feel more secure as parents and to be better oriented toward childbirth. Men had more positive expectations about the childbirth than the women. The participants mostly wanted help in preparing for parenthood and in learning infant care skills, followed by help in preparing for childbirth. The participants' expectations were affected by gender, age, and educational level. The expectant parents appeared to want more focus on preparation for parenthood than on childbirth.
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| 3. |
- Alehagen, Siw, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Can women's cognitive appraisals be registered throughout childbirth?
- 2000
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 49:1, s. 31-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of the present study were: (a) to examine whether it was possible to measure women’s cognitive appraisals hourly during the whole process of labor and delivery, and (b) to explore how the appraisals varied during labor. Measurements from 12 nulliparous women are presented. The findings indicate that it is possible to study psychological appraisals directly, in detail and continuously during the process of labor and delivery. The women’s cognitive appraisals varied throughout labor both per individual woman and between the participating women.
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| 4. |
- Alehagen, Siw, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Catecholamine and cortisol reaction to childbirth
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 8:1, s. 50-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One way to study the stressfulness of childbirth is to examine the output of stress hormones. In this study, urinary catecholamines and salivary cortisol from 50 primiparous women were collected for 1 day during gestational weeks 37 to 39, hourly during labor and delivery, and 2 hr and 2 days postpartum. All three stress hormones increased statistically significantly from pregnancy to labor. The increase in adrenaline and cortisol was more than 500%, and the increase in noradrenaline was about 50%. After labor, the output decreased but not statistically significantly below the levels during late pregnancy. Hormone levels during late pregnancy, during labor and delivery, and during the period postpartum mostly did not correlate systematically. However, noradrenaline and adrenaline, as well as adrenaline and cortisol, were positively correlated during labor. After administration of epidural analgesia, there was a moderate but significant decrease in noradrenaline and adrenaline, whereas cortisol did not change. In conclusion, the results of this study support the assumption that childbirth is a very stressful event and that the stress responses vary considerably among women. The substantial increase of adrenaline and cortisol compared with noradrenaline indicates that mental stress is more dominant than physical stress during labor.
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| 5. |
- Alehagen, Siw, et al.
(författare)
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Defining and Clarifying Sexual Health : A Simultaneous Concept analysis
- 2012
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Ingår i: Advances in Medicine and Biology vol 28. - : Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. ; , s. 177-198
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The concepts of health and sexuality are complex and the discussion of how to clarify them seems to be ongoing. This continuing work is essential also according to the joined concept sexual health as it is central in national and international public health programs. Hence, the aim of this paper was to clarify the concept of sexual health by making a simultaneous concept analysis of sexuality and health.Methods: A qualitative content analysis defined the meanings, the major concepts and the components of the superior concepts Sexuality and Health, respectively. The data for this analysis were dictionaries, definitions, reports, guidelines, books and articles. Next, a simultaneous concept analysis (SCA) was chosen in order to answer the research questions and develop a process model of sexual health.Findings: The definitions of the processed concepts and the developing outcome from sexual health were: Prime mover, Interconnectedness, Interdependence, Norms, Completeness, Functional physiology, Insight, Relatedness, Adaptiveness and Contentedness. These outcomes are presented in a process model.Conclusions: This study adds a theoretical perspective clarifying the concept sexual health. The clarifications of this study contribute with knowledge, which can be used in practise, enabling health care professionals promoting sexual health and develop sexual health issues in further research.
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| 6. |
- Alehagen, Siw, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences of community health nurses regarding father participation in child health care
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Child Health Care. - London, UK : Sage Publications Ltd.. - 1367-4935 .- 1741-2889. ; 15:3, s. 153-162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traditionally child health care (CHC) has been an arena where mothers and nurses meet, but in recent years fathers are entering CHC with increasing frequency. The aim of this study was to describe nurses’ experiences of fathers’ participation in CHC. Nine Swedish nurses working in CHC were interviewed and asked to give a description of their experiences from meetings with fathers in CHC. Phenomenology according to Giorgi was used for the analysis and the essence of the findings was that father participation was seen from the perspective of mother participation and was constantly compared to mother participation in CHC. The essence is explicated in the following themes: participation through activities; equal participation although diverse; influence of structures in society; and strengthening participation. Clinical implications include the need for creating a separate identity in CHC for fathers and more communication directed at fathers.
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| 7. |
- Alehagen, Siw, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Fear during labor
- 2001
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 80:4, s. 315-320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. The aims of the present study were to compare primiparous and multiparous women’s experiences of fear of delivery during an early stage of active labor (cervix dilatation 3–5 centimeters) and to study whether fear of delivery, measured during the early stage of active labor, was a predictor of the amount of pain relief received during the remaining part of labor (cervix dilatation 5 cm – partus), of the duration of the remaining part of labor, and of the occurrence of instrumental vaginal delivery and emergency cesarean section.Method. Thirty-five primiparous and 39 multiparous women answered the Delivery Fear Scale (DFS) once during the early stage of labor and before they had received any pain relief.Results. Primiparous women reported higher levels of fear than multiparous women did. Fear during the first phase of labor predicted only the total amount of pain relief received during labor.Conclusion. The clinical implications of the study are that the delivery staff should consider women’s fear during labor and pay attention especially to primiparous women’s increased risk of higher levels of fear during an early stage of active labor, as compared with multiparous women’s. The challenge for staff of a delivery ward is to support the woman in labor in a way that decreases fear, which in turn might reduce the woman’s need of pain relief.
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| 8. |
- Alehagen, Siw, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Fear of childbirth before, during, and after childbirth
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 85:1, s. 56-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Only scanty research exists about the relationship between women's expectations during pregnancy and their experiences as reported during the actual process of labor and afterwards. The aims of the present study were: 1. to investigate the associations between fear of childbirth during pregnancy and postpartum and fear and pain during early active labor (phase 1: cervix dilatation 3–5 cm), and 2. to explore possible differences regarding fear of childbirth during pregnancy and postpartum between women who did or did not receive epidural analgesia during labor.Methods. Fear of childbirth was measured in 47 nulliparous women during gestation weeks 37–39 by means of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ version A). During early active labor we measured women's fear (Delivery Fear Scale) and their experiences of pain (a pain intensity scale). Finally, fear after childbirth (W-DEQ version B) was measured two hours, two days, and five weeks after delivery.Results. A positive correlation appeared between fear of childbirth during pregnancy, postpartum, and early active labor. There were no differences in fear of childbirth during late pregnancy between women who received epidural analgesia and those who did not. Postpartum fear was higher in the women who had received epidural analgesia.Conclusions. Pregnant women who fear childbirth are prone to report fear during the actual labor and postpartum. The administration of epidural analgesia is not a sufficient response to women's fear during the process of labor.
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| 9. |
- Alehagen, Siw, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Fear, pain and stress hormones during childbirth
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0167-482X .- 1743-8942. ; 26:3, s. 153-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims. To investigate the course of fear, pain and stress hormones during labor, and the associations between fear, pain, stress hormones and duration of labor in nulliparous women with and without epidural analgesia (EDA).Method. One day during gestation weeks 37–39, urinary and salivary samples were collected to measure catecholamines and cortisol. Hourly during labor, the participants answered the Delivery Fear Scale and a pain intensity scale, and urinary and salivary samples were collected to measure stress hormones.Results. The course of fear, pain and stress hormones differed throughout labor in women with and without EDA. Pain and cortisol increased throughout labor in women without EDA. Women who received EDA had more fear, but not more pain, before the administration of the EDA than women who did not receive EDA. Pain, fear and catecholamines decreased when women received EDA, but fear and pain increased again later in labor. Fear and pain correlated, as well as levels of fear in the different phases of labor. During phase one of labor epinephrine and duration of the phase were negatively correlated.Conclusion. The course of fear, pain and concentrations of stress hormones differed, highly influenced by the administration of EDA. Fear and pain correlated more pronounced than stress hormones and fear, pain and duration of labor.
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| 10. |
- Alehagen, Siw, et al.
(författare)
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Fear, pain and stress hormones during labor and delivery
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0167-482X .- 1743-8942. ; 26:3, s. 153-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To investigate the course of fear, pain and stress hormones during labor, and the associations between fear, pain, stress hormones and duration of labor in nulliparous women with and without epidural analgesia (EDA).Method: One day during gestation weeks 37-39, urinary and salivary samples were collected to measure catecholamines and cortisol. Hourly during labor, the participants answered the Delivery Fear Scale and a pain intensity scale, and urinary and salivary samples were collected to measure stress hormones.Results: The course of fear, pain and stress hormones differed throughout labor in women with and without EDA. Pain and cortisol increased throughout labor in women without EDA. Women who received EDA had more fear, but not more pain, before the administration of the EDA than women who did not receive EDA. Pain, fear and catecholamines decreased when women received EDA, but fear and pain increased again later in labor. Fear and pain correlated, as well as levels of fear in the different phases of labor. During phase one of labor epinephrine and duration of the phase were negatively correlated.Conclusion: The course of fear, pain and concentrations of stress hormones differed, highly influenced by the administration of EDA. Fear and pain correlated more pronounced than stress hormones and fear, pain and duration of labor.
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