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- Alenius Dahlqvist, Jenny, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability During Surgical Stages to Completed Fontan Circulation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Pediatric Cardiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0172-0643 .- 1432-1971. ; 42:5, s. 1162-1169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arrhythmia is related to heart rate variability (HRV), which reflects the autonomic nervous regulation of the heart. We hypothesized that autonomic nervous ganglia, located at the junction of the superior vena cava's entrance to the heart, may be affected during the bidirectional Glenn procedure (BDG), resulting in reduced HRV. We aimed to investigate changes in heart rate and HRV in a cohort of children with univentricular heart defects, undergoing stepwise surgery towards total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC), and compare these results with healthy controls. Twenty four hours Holter-ECG recordings were obtained before BDG (n = 47), after BDG (n = 47), and after total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) (n = 45) in patients and in 38 healthy controls. HRV was analyzed by spectral and Poincare methods. Age-related z scores were calculated and compared using linear mixed effects modeling. Total HRV was significantly lower in patients before BDG when compared to healthy controls. The mean heart rate was significantly reduced in patients after BDG compared to before BDG. Compared to healthy controls, patients operated with BDG had significantly reduced heart rate and reduced total HRV. Patients with TCPC showed reduced heart rate and HRV compared with healthy controls. In patients after TCPC, total HRV was decreased compared to before TCPC. Heart rate was reduced after BDG procedure, and further reductions of HRV were seen post-TCPC. Our results indicate that autonomic regulation of cardiac rhythm is affected both after BDG and again after TCPC. This may be reflected as, and contribute to, postoperative arrhythmic events.
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- Alenius Dahlqvist, Jenny, 1972-
(författare)
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Heart rate variability and pacemaker treatment in children with Fontan circulation
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Fontan surgery is performed in children with univentricular heart defects. Arrhythmias are frequent complications, occasionally requiring pacemaker treatment. Previous data regarding indications and risk factors for pacemaker treatment in Fontan patients is limited and conflicting. Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects autonomous nervous activity controlling the sinus node and has been associated with tachyarrhythmias in both adults and children, as well as in adults with sinus node dysfunction (SND).Aim: To study HRV, arrhythmia and pacemaker treatment in children with Fontan circulation— with the purpose of contributing to the reduction of long term complications in this patient group.Methods: We have retrospectively reviewed pacemaker therapy in all Swedish patients who underwent Fontan surgery from 1982 to 2017 (n=599). We have also analysed HRV from 24-hour Holter ECG recordings in 112 children with Fontan circulation and in children with univentricular heart defects before bidirectional Glenn (BDG) procedure (n=47), before and on completion of Fontan surgery (n=47 and 45 respectively). Analysis was performed by power spectral analysis and Poincaré method, and results compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, HRV was analysed in Fontan patients who later required a pacemaker due to severe SND. Results were compared with Fontan patients who had SND, without indication for pacemaker treatment, with patients with Fontan circulation without SND and healthy controls. In addition we evaluated the possibility to analyse arrhythmias and HRV in 27 Fontan children using intermittent ECG recordings with a handheld devices at home during a 14-day period.Results: After a mean follow-up of 12 years, 13% (78/599) of patients with Fontan circulation had received a pacemaker. Patients operated with the extracardiac conduit (EC) had a significantly lower prevalence of pacemaker implantation (6%) than patients with a lateral tunnel (LT) (17%). The most common pacemaker indication in patients with Fontan circulation was SND (64%). Children with Fontan circulation showed significant reductions in several HRV parameters, compared with controls. No significant differences were found between patients operated with LT versus EC (paper I). After BDG the RR interval and SD2 (representing changes in heart rate over 24-hours) significantly increased compared to pre-BDG. Compared with healthy controls, patients post-BDG, had significantly longer RR intervals and reduced overall HRV. PHF (reflecting parasympathetic control of the heart) was significantly reduced after TCPC as compared to before (paper II). Fontan patients with SND showed significantly elevated SD2 (representing changes in heart rate over 24-hours), somewhat reduced in patients that later required a pacemaker (Paper V). Handheld ECG analysis revealed frequent ventricular extra systoles in one patient and episodes of supraventricular tachycardia in another. Seven Fontan patients showed reduced HRV recorded with the handheld device over a 14-day period (paper III).Conclusions: Overall HRV was reduced in patients with univentricular heart defects during the different surgical stages of Fontan surgery, compared to healthy controls. HRV was reduced in both patients with LT and EC with no significant difference between them. After BDG heart rate was significantly reduced as compared to before. PHF, reflecting the parasympathetic innervation of the heart was reduced after as compared to before TCPC. Pacemaker treatment is commonly needed in patients with Fontan circulation, and SND was the most prevalent indication for implantation. The prevalence of Fontan patients requiring pacemaker treatment was significantly lower in patients with EC. HRV analysis can contribute to management when following-up patients with Fontan circulation.
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- Alenius Dahlqvist, Jenny, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Pacemaker treatment after Fontan surgery-A Swedish national study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Congenital Heart Disease. - : Computers, Materials and Continua (Tech Science Press). - 1747-079X .- 1747-0803. ; 14:4, s. 582-589
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveFontan surgery is performed in children with univentricular heart defects. Previous data regarding permanent pacemaker implantation frequency and indications in Fontan patients are limited and conflicting. We examined the prevalence of and risk factors for pacemaker treatment in a consecutive national cohort of patients after Fontan surgery in Sweden. MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all Swedish patients who underwent Fontan surgery from 1982 to 2017 (n=599). ResultsAfter a mean follow-up of 12.2years, 13% (78/599) of the patients with Fontan circulation had received pacemakers. Patients operated with the extracardiac conduit (EC) type of total cavopulmonary connection had a significantly lower prevalence of pacemaker implantation (6%) than patients with lateral tunnel (LT; 17%). Mortality did not differ between patients with (8%) and without pacemaker (5%). The most common pacemaker indication was sinus node dysfunction (SND) (64%). Pacemaker implantation due to SND was less common among patients with EC. Pacemaker implantation was significantly more common in patients with mitral atresia (MA; 44%), double outlet right ventricle (DORV; 24%) and double inlet left ventricle (DILV; 20%). In contrast, patients with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum and hypoplastic left heart syndrome were significantly less likely to receive a pacemaker (3% and 6%, respectively). ConclusionsThirteen percent of Fontan patients received a permanent pacemaker, most frequently due to SND. EC was associated with a significantly lower prevalence of pacemaker than LT. Permanent pacemaker was more common in patients with MA, DORV, and DILV.
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- Alenius Dahlqvist, Jenny, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Sinus node dysfunction in patients with Fontan circulation: could heart rate variability be a predictor for pacemaker implantation?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Pediatric Cardiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0172-0643 .- 1432-1971. ; 40:4, s. 685-693
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sinus node dysfunction (SND) causes significant morbidity in patients after Fontan surgery. Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects the autonomic regulation of the heart, and changes in HRV have been associated with SND in adults. We aimed to study whether changes in HRV could be detected in 24-h electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings in Fontan patients with SND. We compared HRV results from two patient groups; patients with Fontan circulation who later required a pacemaker due to severe SND (n = 12) and patients with Fontan circulation and SND, without indication for pacemaker treatment (n = 11), with two control groups; patients with Fontan circulation without SND (n = 90) and healthy controls (n = 66). The Poincare plot index SD2 (representing changes in heart rate over 24-h) and the very low-frequency (VLF) HRV component were significantly higher in both SND groups, both compared with healthy controls and patients with Fontan circulation without SND. In SND patients with pacemakers, SD2 and VLF were slightly reduced compared to SND patients without pacemaker (p = 0.06). In conclusion, in Fontan patients with SND the HRV is significantly higher compared to healthy controls and Fontan patients without SND. However, in patients with severe SND requiring pacemaker, SD2 and VLF tended to be lower than in patients with SND without pacemaker, which could indicate a reduced diurnal HRV in addition to the severe bradycardia. This is a small study, but our results indicate that HRV analysis might be a useful method in the follow-up of Fontan patients regarding development of SND.
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- Jonsson, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Time to childbirth and assisted reproductive treatment in women with congenital heart disease
- 2024
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Ingår i: OPEN HEART. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2053-3624 .- 2398-595X. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To investigate the time to first childbirth and to compare the prevalence of assisted reproductive treatment (ART) in women with congenital heart disease (CHD) compared with women without CHD. Methods All women in the national register for CHD who had a registered first childbirth in the Swedish Pregnancy Register between 2014 and 2019 were identified. These individuals (cases) were matched by birth year and municipality to women without CHD (controls) in a 1:5 ratio. The time from the 18th birthday to the first childbirth and the prevalence of ART was compared between cases and controls. Results 830 first childbirths in cases were identified and compared with 4137 controls. Cases were slightly older at the time for first childbirth (28.9 vs 28.5 years, p=0.04) and ART was more common (6.1% vs 4.0%, p<0.01) compared with controls. There were no differences in ART when stratifying for the complexity of CHD. For all women, higher age was associated with ART treatment (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.28). Conclusions Women with and without CHD who gave birth to a first child did so at similar ages. ART was more common in women with CHD, but disease severity did not influence the need for ART. Age was an important risk factor for ART also in women with CHD and should be considered in consultations with these patients.
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- Lannering, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Defects in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: PEDIATRICS. - : American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). - 0031-4005 .- 1098-4275. ; 152:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES Early diagnosis of critical congenital heart defects (CCHD) improves survival. We evaluated the relative contributions of prenatal ultrasound, neonatal pulse oximetry screening (POS), and neonatal physical examination (NPE) to the early detection (before discharge) of CCHD in the context of increasing prenatal detection, and POS being a national standard since 2013.METHODS Retrospective, nationwide population-based study. All full-term live-born infants with CCHD in Sweden between 2014 and 2019 were included. CCHD was defined as a congenital heart defect requiring surgery or catheter-based intervention or resulting in death within 28 days of birth.RESULTS Of 630 infants, 89% were diagnosed before discharge or death, 42% prenatally, 11% from early symptoms, 23% by POS, and 14% from NPE after a negative POS. Four (0.6%) died undiagnosed before discharge and 64/630 (10%) were discharged undiagnosed, with 24/64 being readmitted with circulatory failure and causing 1 preoperative death. Coarctation was the most prevalent CCHD (N = 184), 25% of whom were detected prenatally (12% by POS and 29% by NPE). Two died undiagnosed before discharge and 30% were discharged undiagnosed. Transposition was the second most common defect (N = 150) and 43% were detected prenatally (33% by POS, 1 by NPE) and 2 died undiagnosed before POS. None was discharged undiagnosed.CONCLUSIONS POS and NPE remain important for the early detection of CCHD complementing prenatal ultrasound screening. Nevertheless, 1 in 10 with CCHD leaves the hospital without a diagnosis, with coarctation being the predominant lesion. Future research on CCHD screening should have a particular focus on this cardiac defect.
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- Lannering, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Screening for critical congenital heart defects in sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0029-7828 .- 1533-9866. ; 79:4, s. 185-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- (Abstracted from Pediatrics 2023;152:e2023061949 Critical congenital heart defects (CCHDs) affect between 1 and 3 of every 1000 live-born infants and require intervention in the short term after birth. Early identification of affected infants contributes to significantly to better outcomes in both the short- and long-term.
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- Östman-Smith, Ingegerd, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Sudden cardiac death in childhood hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is best predicted by a combination of electrocardiogram risk-score and HCMRisk-Kids score
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 110:11, s. 3105-3115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To compare risk algorithms (HCMRisk-Kids, ECG Risk-score) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) without syndrome association (ns-HCM) and with Noonan-like syndromes (RAS-HCM). Methods A national paediatric HCM cohort (n = 151), presenting <19 years of age, mean follow-up 13.3 years, from all Swedish centres of Paediatric Cardiology (presenting 1972-2015), with 41 RAS-HCM patients (61% males), and 110 ns-HCM patients (68% familial; 65% males). The end-point was a composite of sudden cardiac death and resuscitated cardiac arrest (SCD/CA). Risk-factors were studied with Cox-hazard regression, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis (C-statistic). Results There were 33 SCD/CA, 27/110 in ns-HCM and 6/41 in RAS-HCM (p = 0.27). In ns-HCM HCMRisk-Kids >= 6% at diagnosis had C-statistic of 0.69 for predicting SCD/CA during first 5 years of follow-up and positive predictive value (PPV) of 22%. After 7 years of age (HCMRisk-Kids7plus), C-statistic was 0.76. ECG Risk-score >= 6 at diagnosis had C-statistic 0.87 and PPV of 31%. Independent risk factors for SCD/CA were HCMRisk-Kids7plus score (p = 0.005) and ECG risk-score (p < 0.001), whereas early beta-blocker dose (p = 0.001) and myectomy (p = 0.004) reduced risk. The sum of HCMRisk-Kids7yplus and ECG Risk-score7yplus >= 14 best predicted SCD/CA within 5 years in ns-HCM with C-statistic of 0.90 [0.83-0.96], sensitivity 100% and PPV 38%. Conclusion Combining the ECG Risk-score with HCMRisk-Kids improves risk stratification in ns-HCM and shows promise in RAS-HCM.
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