| 1. |
- Azevedo, Flavio, et al.
(författare)
-
Social and moral psychology of COVID-19 across 69 countries
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2052-4463. ; 10:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all domains of human life, including the economic and social fabric of societies. One of the central strategies for managing public health throughout the pandemic has been through persuasive messaging and collective behaviour change. To help scholars better understand the social and moral psychology behind public health behaviour, we present a dataset comprising of 51,404 individuals from 69 countries. This dataset was collected for the International Collaboration on Social & Moral Psychology of COVID-19 project (ICSMP COVID-19). This social science survey invited participants around the world to complete a series of moral and psychological measures and public health attitudes about COVID-19 during an early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (between April and June 2020). The survey included seven broad categories of questions: COVID-19 beliefs and compliance behaviours; identity and social attitudes; ideology; health and well-being; moral beliefs and motivation; personality traits; and demographic variables. We report both raw and cleaned data, along with all survey materials, data visualisations, and psychometric evaluations of key variables.
|
|
| 2. |
- Van Bavel, Jay J., et al.
(författare)
-
National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Portfolio. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic. Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 (N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic (r = -0.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bak-Coleman, Joseph B., et al.
(författare)
-
Stewardship of global collective behavior
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 118:27
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Collective behavior provides a framework for understanding how the actions and properties of groups emerge from the way individuals generate and share information. In humans, information flows were initially shaped by natural selection yet are increasingly structured by emerging communication technologies. Our larger, more complex social networks now transfer high-fidelity information over vast distances at low cost. The digital age and the rise of social media have accelerated changes to our social systems, with poorly understood functional consequences. This gap in our knowledge represents a principal challenge to scientific progress, democracy, and actions to address global crises. We argue that the study of collective behavior must rise to a crisis discipline just as medicine, conservation, and climate science have, with a focus on providing actionable insight to policymakers and regulators for the stewardship of social systems.
|
|
| 4. |
- Morreau, Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
Learning from Ranters : The Effect of Information Resistance on the Epistemic Quality of Social Network Deliberation
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Social Virtue Epistemology. - New York : Routledge. - 9780367407643 - 9780367808952
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- People who spread misinformation in public debates expose others to the risk of forming false beliefs. Excluding them from participation can limit this exposure, but fact-checking takes up resources of time and money, and censorship violates social and political norms. Here, computer simulations of Bayesian learning in social networks suggest that, in some contexts anyway, the epistemic benefits of excluding sources of misinformation might be small or nonexistent, and not worth associated costs. It is shown more specifically that, under certain conditions, open-minded agents in a network can learn just as well in the presence of false ranters: information resistant agents that repeatedly broadcast falsity within the network. Relevant conditions are that the open-minded agents can keep track of their social sources and maintain appropriate levels of trust in them, and that some sufficiently reliable sources introduce truth into the network.
|
|
| 5. |
- Morreau, Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
Michael Morreau and Erik J. Olsson's Response to Commentaries
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Social Virtue Epistemology. - New York : Routledge. - 9780367808952 - 9780367407643
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter reports preliminary findings from a study of epistemic consequences of misinformation in social networks. It uses the methodology of computer simulation, constructing computer models of Bayesian learning in networks that include untrustworthy sources. Censorship and de-platforming take time and money, and they violate social and democratic norms of inclusiveness and free speech. Enquirers came to recognize false ranters as such, and to treat their testimony as evidence to the contrary. Gardiner in her commentary recognizes that there are “cases where assertions can be a reason to believe the opposite” but claims that these are “marginal, require significant background evidence and context, and are about limited domains of assertion”. Real-life sources of misinformation, Nguyen argues, are harder to identify than our reliably false ranters. They “provide a mixture of true claims and false claims” and “strategically clever misinformation specialists will work to ensure that their true claims are relatively easy to verify, and their false claims relatively hard to”.
|
|
| 6. |
- Olsson, Erik J, et al.
(författare)
-
Commentaries from Erik J. Olsson
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Social Virtue Epistemology. - New York : Routledge. - 9780367808952 - 9780367407643
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this chapter, the author argues that there are cases in which a nonexpert’s autonomously-formed belief is based on evidence that would otherwise be sufficient for justification, but where this belief is rendered unjustified by (potential) evidence which the nonexpert fails to take into account. He gives various examples in support of his claim. One involves Roger, a food scientist for a large food corporation, who is also an enthusiastic cook. The rules of thumb he has derived from his cooking experience are very reliable, but not as reliable as the scientific method he masters. The author reports that he has argued, in earlier work, that the source of the “ought” is in the normative expectations others are entitled to have based on a person’s participation in various social practices. He thinks that his account underpins a kind of “social-epistemic bootstrapping”, which he thinks is “happy”.
|
|
| 7. |
- Olsson, Erik J, et al.
(författare)
-
Commentary from Erik J. Olsson
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Social Virtue Epistemology. - New York : Routledge. - 9780367808952 - 9780367407643
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The term hypothesis denotes something like a policy proposal rather than a factual claim. An organisational tool stands a greater chance of success if it is easy and fun to work with. Better Beliefs represents the current credibility status of hypotheses using the amusing analogy with a horse race, each horse representing a hypothesis. The colour of a horse depends on the votes and evidence provided for or against the hypothesis that it represents. A general prohibition against asserting falsehood or harmful propositions would have a chilling effect on free speech in violation of, for example, article 10 of the European convention of human rights. Only in particular cases, which in the legal frameworks of modern liberal democracies described in sufficiently precise terms, is false or harmful speech prohibited, for example in the interest of protecting a citizen’s reputation, in which case a precise law to this effect needs to be in place.
|
|
| 8. |
- Vlasceanu, Madalina, et al.
(författare)
-
Addressing climate change with behavioral science: A global intervention tournament in 63 countries
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Science Advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 10:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effectively reducing climate change requires marked, global behavior change. However, it is unclear which strategies are most likely to motivate people to change their climate beliefs and behaviors. Here, we tested 11 expert-crowdsourced interventions on four climate mitigation outcomes: beliefs, policy support, information sharing intention, and an effortful tree-planting behavioral task. Across 59,440 participants from 63 countries, the interventions’ effectiveness was small, largely limited to nonclimate skeptics, and differed across outcomes: Beliefs were strengthened mostly by decreasing psychological distance (by 2.3%), policy support by writing a letter to a future-generation member (2.6%), information sharing by negative emotion induction (12.1%), and no intervention increased the more effortful behavior—several interventions even reduced tree planting. Last, the effects of each intervention differed depending on people’s initial climate beliefs. These findings suggest that the impact of behavioral climate interventions varies across audiences and target behaviors.
|
|
