| 1. |
- Leo, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Background
- 2014
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Ingår i: Enforcing Child Rights Globally. - 9789198053555 ; , s. 7-13
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Sawcer, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 476:7359, s. 214-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple sclerosis is a common disease of the central nervous system in which the interplay between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes typically results in intermittent neurological disturbance followed by progressive accumulation of disability. Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors are primarily responsible for the substantially increased frequency of the disease seen in the relatives of affected individuals, and systematic attempts to identify linkage in multiplex families have confirmed that variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) exerts the greatest individual effect on risk. Modestly powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled more than 20 additional risk loci to be identified and have shown that multiple variants exerting modest individual effects have a key role in disease susceptibility. Most of the genetic architecture underlying susceptibility to the disease remains to be defined and is anticipated to require the analysis of sample sizes that are beyond the numbers currently available to individual research groups. In a collaborative GWAS involving 9,772 cases of European descent collected by 23 research groups working in 15 different countries, we have replicated almost all of the previously suggested associations and identified at least a further 29 novel susceptibility loci. Within the MHC we have refined the identity of the HLA-DRB1 risk alleles and confirmed that variation in the HLA-A gene underlies the independent protective effect attributable to the class I region. Immunologically relevant genes are significantly overrepresented among those mapping close to the identified loci and particularly implicate T-helper-cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
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| 4. |
- Alfredsson, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Background - Framework and Content of the ITP programme
- 2016. - 1
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Ingår i: Realising Child Rights in Education : Experience and Reflections from the International Training Programme on Child Rights, Classroom and School Management - Experience and Reflections from the International Training Programme on Child Rights, Classroom and School Management. - 9789198226164 ; 1, s. 7-27
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Child Rights, Classroom and School Management : Change Projects from the International Training Programme Batch 15 - 2011b
- 2013
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Lund University has offered the Sida-financed International Training Programmeon Child Rights, Classroom and School Management since 2003. The programmetargets those in a position from which they can initiate processes ofchange in the education sector in their countries. During the programme all participating teams initiate a change project in their respective countries aiming atthe realization of the intention of the Child Rights Convention in policy as wellas in practice. This book contains the final reports from Batch 15 with changeagents from Cambodia, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Malawi, Mozambique, SouthAfrica, Tanzania, Uganda and Vietnam.
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| 6. |
- Edstorp, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of lada and type 2 diabetes in relation to tobacco use and genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and related traits : Findings from a swedish case-control study and the norwegian hunt study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0149-5992 .- 1935-5548. ; 46:5, s. 1028-1036
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE Smoking and Swedish smokeless tobacco (snus) are associated with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Our aim was to investigate whether genetic susceptibility to T2D, insulin resistance (IR), and insulin secretion (IS) aggravate these associations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used data from two population-based Scandinavian studies with case subjects with LADA (n = 839) and T2D (n = 5,771), matched control subjects (n = 3,068), and 1,696,503 person-years at risk. Pooled, multivariate relative risks (RR) with 95% CI were estimated for smoking/genetic risk scores (T2D-GRS, IS-GRS, and IR-GRS), and ORs for snus or tobacco/GRS (case-control data). We estimated additive (proportion attributable to interaction [AP]) and multiplicative interaction between tobacco use and GRS. RESULTS The RR of LADA was elevated in high IR-GRS heavy smokers (‡15 pack-years; RR 2.01 [CI 1.30, 3.10]) and tobacco users (‡15 box/pack-years; RR 2.59 [CI 1.54, 4.35]) compared with low IR-GRS individuals without heavy use, with evidence of additive (AP 0.67 [CI 0.46, 0.89]; AP 0.52 [CI 0.21, 0.83]) and multiplicative (P = 0.003; P = 0.034) interaction. In heavy users, there was additive interaction between T2D-GRS and smoking, snus, and total tobacco use. The excess risk conferred by tobacco use did not differ across GRS categories in T2D. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco use may confer a higher risk of LADA in individuals with genetic susceptibility to T2D and insulin resistance, whereas genetic susceptibility does not seem to influence the increased T2D incidence associated with tobacco use.
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| 7. |
- Edstorp, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Smoking, use of smokeless tobacco, HLA genotypes and incidence of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults
- 2023
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 66, s. 70-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypotheses: Smoking and use of smokeless tobacco (snus) are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. We investigated whether smoking and snus use increase the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and elucidated potential interaction with HLA high-risk genotypes. Methods: Analyses were based on Swedish case–control data (collected 2010–2019) with incident cases of LADA (n=593) and type 2 diabetes (n=2038), and 3036 controls, and Norwegian prospective data (collected 1984–2019) with incident cases of LADA (n=245) and type 2 diabetes (n=3726) during 1,696,503 person-years of follow-up. Pooled RRs with 95% CIs were estimated for smoking, and ORs for snus use (case–control data only). The interaction was assessed by attributable proportion (AP) due to interaction. A two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) study on smoking and LADA/type 2 diabetes was conducted based on summary statistics from genome-wide association studies. Results: Smoking (RRpooled 1.30 [95% CI 1.06, 1.59] for current vs never) and snus use (OR 1.97 [95% CI 1.20, 3.24] for ≥15 box-years vs never use) were associated with an increased risk of LADA. Corresponding estimates for type 2 diabetes were 1.38 (95% CI 1.28, 1.49) and 1.92 (95% CI 1.27, 2.90), respectively. There was interaction between smoking and HLA high-risk genotypes (AP 0.27 [95% CI 0.01, 0.53]) in relation to LADA. The positive association between smoking and LADA/type 2 diabetes was confirmed by the MR study. Conclusions/interpretation: Our findings suggest that tobacco use increases the risk of LADA and that smoking acts synergistically with genetic susceptibility in the promotion of LADA. Data availability: Analysis codes are shared through GitHub (https://github.com/jeseds/Smoking-use-of-smokeless-tobacco-HLA-genotypes-and-incidence-of-LADA). Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Futrzynski, Romain, 1988-
(författare)
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Effect of drag reducing plasma actuators using LES
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The work performed in this thesis explores new ways of reducing the drag of ground vehicles. Specifically, the effect of plasma actuators are investigated numerically with the intention to delay separation around a half-cylinder, a geometry chosen to represent a simplified A-pillar of a truck.The plasma actuators have to be included in turbulent flow simulations. Therefore, emphasis is first put on finding a numerical model that can reproduce the effect of the plasma without increasing the computational cost. This effect is modeled through a body force term added to the Navier-Stokes equations. To determine the strength and spatial extent of this body force, optimization was performed to minimize the difference between experimental and simulated profiles of plasma induced velocity. The plasma actuator model is thereafter used in Large Eddy Simulations (LES) of the flow around a half-cylinder at Reynolds number Re=65*10^3 and Re=32*10^3. Two types of actuation cases are performed. In the first case, a single actuator is used. In the second case, a pair of consecutive actuators are used, and their position on the half-cylinder is changed. It is found that a drag reduction of up to 10% is achievable. Moreover, the ideal location for actuation is determined to be near the separation point of the non-actuated flow. Finally, dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is investigated as a tool to extract coherent dynamic structures from a turbulent flow field. The DMD is first used to analyze a channel flow where pulsations are imposed at a known frequency. It is found that DMD gives similar results to phase averaging done at the oscillation frequency. However, the presence of turbulence noise hinders the ability to identify modes at higher harmonics. The DMD is also used to post-process the half-cylinder flow case. There, it is found that the spectrum of the wake is broadband. Nevertheless, modes within distinct frequency ranges are found to be located in distinct spatial regions.
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| 10. |
- Herzog, Katharina, et al.
(författare)
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Combined lifestyle factors and the risk of LADA and type 2 diabetes – Results from a Swedish population-based case-control study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-8227 .- 1872-8227. ; 174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: We investigated the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetes in relation to a healthy lifestyle, the proportion of patients attributable to an unhealthy lifestyle, and the influence of family history of diabetes (FHD) and genetic susceptibility. Methods: The population-based study included incident LADA (n = 571), type 2 diabetes (n = 1962), and matched controls (n = 2217). A healthy lifestyle was defined by BMI < 25 kg/m2, moderate-to-high physical activity, a healthy diet, no smoking, and moderate alcohol consumption. We estimated odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for age, sex, education, and FHD. Results: Compared to a poor/moderate lifestyle, a healthy lifestyle was associated with a reduced risk of LADA (OR 0.51, CI 0.34–0.77) and type 2 diabetes (OR 0.09, CI 0.05–0.15). A healthy lifestyle conferred a reduced risk irrespective of FHD and high-risk HLA genotypes. Having a BMI < 25 kg/m2 conferred the largest risk reduction for both LADA (OR 0.54, CI 0.43–0.66) and type 2 diabetes (OR 0.12, CI 0.10–0.15) out of the individual items. Conclusion: People with a healthy lifestyle, especially a healthy body weight, have a reduced risk of LADA including those with genetic susceptibility to diabetes.
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