| 1. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Pulmonary function and atherosclerosis in the general population : causal associations and clinical implications
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Nature. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 39:1, s. 35-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reduced lung function is associated with cardiovascular mortality, but the relationships with atherosclerosis are unclear. The population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage study measured lung function, emphysema, coronary CT angiography, coronary calcium, carotid plaques and ankle-brachial index in 29,593 men and women aged 50–64 years. The results were confirmed using 2-sample Mendelian randomization. Lower lung function and emphysema were associated with more atherosclerosis, but these relationships were attenuated after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Lung function was not associated with coronary atherosclerosis in 14,524 never-smokers. No potentially causal effect of lung function on atherosclerosis, or vice versa, was found in the 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Here we show that reduced lung function and atherosclerosis are correlated in the population, but probably not causally related. Assessing lung function in addition to conventional cardiovascular risk factors to gauge risk of subclinical atherosclerosis is probably not meaningful, but low lung function found by chance should alert for atherosclerosis.
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| 2. |
- Agrell, Erik, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Modulation and detection for multicore superchannels with correlated phase noise [Invited]
- 2018
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Ingår i: 2018 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2018 - Proceedings. ; Part F94-CLEO_SI 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- SDM fibers offer new opportunities and challenges for joint transmitter and receiver processing. We review multidimensional modulation and detection theory, describe algorithms for phase tracking and detection over spatial superchannels, and present some experimental results.
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| 3. |
- Alfredsson, Arni, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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On the Impact of Intercore Skew on Joint-Core Carrier-Phase Estimation
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Conference on Optical Communication, ECOC. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of intercore skew on joint-core carrier-phase estimation in multicore-fiber transmission is studied. It is shown that the performance degradation is not dependent on the combined linewidth of the light-source laser and the local oscillator, but rather the ratio between the two linewidths.
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| 4. |
- Alfredsson, Arni, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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On the Performance of Joint-Core Carrier-Phase Estimation in the Presence of Intercore Skew
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 37:20, s. 5291-5298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sharing of lasers in space-division multiplexed multicore-fiber transmission yields correlated phase noise across the spatial channels. As a result, system performance can be improved through the use of joint-core carrier-phase estimation (CPE). However, the presence of intercore skew can reduce the potential of such schemes. This paper studies the effects of skew on pilot-aided joint-core CPE, where via simulations, it is shown that joint-core processing can be made to perform similarly to or better than separate-core processing for any amount of skew. It is shown that for a given signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and skew, the performance of joint-core CPE relative to separate-core CPE is highly dependent on the ratio of the light-source linewidth to the local oscillator (LO) linewidth. In general, the performance of joint-core CPE in the presence of skew improves as the LO linewidth decreases compared to the light-source laser linewidth, assuming that the spatial channels are digitally realigned at the receiver.
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| 5. |
- Alfredsson, Arni, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of Transmitter-Side Signal Rotations in the Presence of Laser Phase Noise
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 38:15, s. 3850-3858
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of transmitter-side multidimensional signal rotations on the performance of multichannel optical transmission are studied in the presence of laser phase noise. In particular, the laser phase noise is assumed to be uncorrelated between channels. To carry out this study, a simple multichannel laser-phase-noise model that has been experimentally validated for weakly-coupled multicore-fiber transmission is considered. As the considered rotation scheme is intended to work in conjunction with receiver-side carrier phase estimation (CPE), the model is modified to further assume that imperfect CPE has taken place, leaving residual phase noise in the processed signal. Based on this model, two receiver structures are derived and used to numerically optimize transmitter-side signal rotations through Monte Carlo simulations. For reasonable amounts of residual phase noise, rotations based on Hadamard matrices are found to be near-optimal for transmission of four-dimensional signals. Furthermore, Hadamard rotations can be performed for any dimension that is a power of two. By exploiting this property, an increase of up to 0.25 bit per complex symbol in an achievable information rate is observed for transmission of higher-order constellations.
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| 6. |
- Alfredsson, Arni, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Phase-Noise Compensation for Spatial-Division Multiplexed Transmission
- 2017
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Ingår i: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. - 2162-2701.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The problem of correlated phase noise in spatial-division multiplexed transmission is studied. To compensate for the phase noise, an algorithm for joint-core phase-noise estimation and symbol detection is proposed, which outperforms conventional methods.
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| 7. |
- Alfredsson, Arni, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Pilot-Aided Joint-Channel Carrier-Phase Estimation in Space-Division Multiplexed Multicore Fiber Transmission
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 37:4, s. 1133-1142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The performance of pilot-aided joint-channel carrier-phase estimation (CPE) in space-division multiplexed multicore fiber (MCF) transmission with correlated phase noise is studied. To that end, a system model describing uncoded MCF transmission where the phase noise comprises a common laser phase noise, in addition to core- and polarization-specific phase drifts, is introduced. It is then shown that the system model can be regarded as a special case of a multidimensional random-walk phase-noise model. A pilot-aided CPE algorithm developed for this model is used to evaluate two strategies, namely joint-channel and per-channel CPE. To quantify the performance differences between the two strategies, their respective phase-noise tolerances are assessed through Monte Carlo simulations of uncoded transmission for different modulation formats, pilot overheads, laser linewidths, numbers of spatial channels, and degrees of phase-noise correlation across the channels. For 20 GBd transmission with 200 kHz combined laser linewidth and 1% pilot overhead, joint-channel CPE yields up to 3.4 dB improvement in power efficiency or 25.5% increased information rate. Moreover, through MCF transmission experiments, the system model is validated and the strategies are compared in terms of bit-error-rate performance versus transmission distance for uncoded transmission of different modulation formats. Up to 21% increase in transmission reach is observed for 1% pilot overhead through the use of joint-channel CPE.
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| 8. |
- Alfredsson, Arni, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Pilot Distributions for Joint-Channel Carrier-Phase Estimation in Multichannel Optical Communications
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 38:17, s. 4656-4663
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Joint-channel carrier-phase estimation can improve the performance of multichannel optical communication systems. In the case of pilot-aided estimation, the pilots are distributed over a two-dimensional channel-time symbol block that is transmitted through multiple channels. However, suboptimal pilot distributions reduce the effectiveness of the carrier-phase estimation and thus result in unnecessary pilot overhead, which reduces the overall information rate of the system. It is shown that placing pilots identically in all channels is suboptimal in general. By instead optimizing the pilot distribution, the mean squared error of the phase-noise estimates can be decreased by over 90% in some cases. Moreover, it is shown that the achievable information rate can be increased by up to 0.05, 0.16, and 0.41 bits per complex symbol for dual-polarization 20 GBd transmission of 64-ary, 256-ary, and 1024-ary quadrature amplitude modulation over 20 four-dimensional channels, respectively, assuming a total laser linewidth of 200 kHz.
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| 9. |
- Alfredsson, Arni, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Pilot Distributions for Phase Tracking in Space-Division Multiplexed Systems
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Conference on Optical Communication, ECOC.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several pilot distributions are compared for pilot-aided joint-core phase tracking in space-division multiplexed transmission affected by correlated phase noise. Results show that the best choice of distribution can reduce the bit error rate by a factor up to 170.
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| 10. |
- Alfredsson, Eva, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Why achieving the Paris Agreement requires reduced overall consumption and production
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1548-7733. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Technological solutions to the challenge of dangerous climate change are urgent and necessary but to be effective they need to be accompanied by reductions in the total level of consumption and production of goods and services. This is for three reasons. First, private consumption and its associated production are among the key drivers of greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions, especially among highly emitting industrialized economies. There is no evidence that decoupling of the economy from GHG emissions is possible at the scale and speed needed. Second, investments in more sustainable infrastructure, including renewable energy, needed in coming decades will require extensive amounts of energy, largely from fossil sources, which will use up a significant share of the two-degree carbon budget. Third, improving the standard of living of the world’s poor will consume a major portion of the available carbon allowance. The scholarly community has a responsibility to put the issue of consumption and the associated production on the research and policy agenda.
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