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| 2. |
- Alfsen, K. H., et al.
(författare)
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Electric field and plasma observations near the magnetopause and bow shock during a rapid compression.
- 1984
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Ingår i: Achievements of the International Magnetospheric Study (IMS). ; , s. 99-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A fast compressional motion of the magnetopause resulting from the interaction of an interplanetary shock and the Earth's magnetosphere is discussed. The ISEE-1 and 2 satellites were in the frontside magnetosphere before the shock. A magnetosonic wave front, the magnetopause, and the bow shock passed them in a very short time. By a combination of electric and magnetic field data it is possible to determine the magnetosonic and the magnetopause velocity. -from STAR, 23(14), 1985
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Elmqvist, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Urban Systems
- 2008
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Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Ecology. - Oxford : Academic Press. ; , s. 3665-3672
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Urbanization is a global multidimensional process which manifests itself through rapidly changing human population densities and changing land cover. Urbanization is viewed today as endangering more species and as more geographically ubiquitous than any other human activity and also the major driving force for increased homogenization of fauna and flora. The concept of ecosystem services has proven useful in describing human benefits from urban ecosystems. For example, urban vegetation may significantly reduce air pollution, mitigate the urban heat island effect, reduce noise, and enhance recreational and cultural values, of importance for urban citizen’s wellbeing. New opportunities lie in that urban landscapes are the very places where knowledge, innovation, and human and financial resources for getting solutions to global environmental problems are likely to be found.
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| 5. |
- Elmqvist, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Urban Systems
- 2008
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Ingår i: Encyclopedia of ecology. - : Elsevier, Oxford. ; , s. 3665-3672
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Seitzinger, Sybil P., et al.
(författare)
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Planetary Stewardship in an Urbanizing World : Beyond City Limits
- 2012
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 41:8, s. 787-794
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cities are rapidly increasing in importance as a major factor shaping the Earth system, and therefore, must take corresponding responsibility. With currently over half the world's population, cities are supported by resources originating from primarily rural regions often located around the world far distant from the urban loci of use. The sustainability of a city can no longer be considered in isolation from the sustainability of human and natural resources it uses from proximal or distant regions, or the combined resource use and impacts of cities globally. The world's multiple and complex environmental and social challenges require interconnected solutions and coordinated governance approaches to planetary stewardship. We suggest that a key component of planetary stewardship is a global system of cities that develop sustainable processes and policies in concert with its non-urban areas. The potential for cities to cooperate as a system and with rural connectivity could increase their capacity to effect change and foster stewardship at the planetary scale and also increase their resource security.
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