| 1. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
-
Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
-
Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
|
|
| 2. |
- Thomas, HS, et al.
(författare)
-
- 2019
-
swepub:Mat__t
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(författare)
-
- 2021
-
swepub:Mat__t
|
|
| 5. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(författare)
-
- 2021
-
swepub:Mat__t
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Razavi-Shearer, Devin M., et al.
(författare)
-
Adjusted estimate of the prevalence of hepatitis delta virus in 25 countries and territories
- 2024
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY. - 0168-8278 .- 1600-0641. ; 80:2, s. 232-242
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & Aims: Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a satellite RNA virus that requires the hepatitis B virus (HBV) for assembly and propagation. Individuals infected with HDV progress to advanced liver disease faster than HBV-monoinfected individuals. Recent studies have estimated the global prevalence of anti-HDV antibodies among the HBV-infected population to be 5-15%. This study aimed to better understand HDV prevalence at the population level in 25 countries/territories. Methods: We conducted a literature review to determine the prevalence of anti-HDV and HDV RNA in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive individuals in 25 countries/territories. Virtual meetings were held with experts from each setting to discuss the findings and collect unpublished data. Data were weighted for patient segments and regional heterogeneity to estimate the prevalence in the HBV-infected population. The findings were then combined with The Polaris Observatory HBV data to estimate the anti-HDV and HDV RNA prevalence in each country/territory at the population level. Results: After adjusting for geographical distribution, disease stage and special populations, the anti-HDV prevalence among the HBsAg+ population changed from the literature estimate in 19 countries. The highest anti-HDV prevalence was 60.1% in Mongolia. Once adjusted for the size of the HBsAg+ population and HDV RNA positivity rate, China had the highest absolute number of HDV RNA+ cases. Conclusions: We found substantially lower HDV prevalence than previously reported, as prior meta-analyses primarily focused on studies conducted in groups/regions that have a higher probability of HBV infection: tertiary care centers, specific risk groups or geographical regions. There is large uncertainty in HDV prevalence estimates. The implementation of reflex testing would improve estimates, while also allowing earlier linkage to care for HDV RNA+ individuals. The logistical and economic burden of reflex testing on the health system would be limited, as only HBsAg+ cases would be screened.
|
|
| 8. |
- Abutalib, M. M., et al.
(författare)
-
Fe3O4/Co3O4-TiO2 S-scheme photocatalyst for degradation of organic pollutants and H-2 production under natural sunlight
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Materials Research and Technology. - : Elsevier Editora Ltda. - 2238-7854 .- 2214-0697. ; 20, s. 1043-1056
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sunlight responsible mono-and co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles (Con+ and Fen+) were prepared via sol-gel technique. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed no phase change of TiO2 was observed after the addition of Con+ and Fen+ ions. Diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) results showed a significant red-shift of the absorption edge after doping TiO2 by Co(n )and Fen+ and the band gap energy reduced sharply from 3.10 to 1.72 eV. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results emphasized the existence of multivalent states of Co2+, Co3+, Fe2+ and Fe3+. The results of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), work function, electron spin resonance (ESR) illustrated the Fe3O4/Co3O4-TiO2 formed of ternary hetero-junctions. The photocatalytic performance of the prepared photocatalysts was determined for photodegradation of tetracycline (TC) and phenol (Pl) and production of hydrogen. The results illustrated the existence of multivalent states of Fe and Co ions (Co2+, Co3+, Fe2+ and Fe3+) together improved the solar light absorption, inhibited the recombination of photo -generated charges and consequently enhanced the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 compared with mono-doped TiO2 (Co3O4/TiO2 and Fe3O4/TiO2). The sample with 5%Fe3O4/ Co(3)O(4)4-TiO2 showed the highest photoactivity. The mineralization (TOC), photodegradation mechanism and reusability of prepared photocatalysts were also studied. The Fe3O4/Co3O4-TiO2 nanoparticles showed high photoactivity and stability and can be adopted as a promising materials for different environmental and H-2 production applications. (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.
|
|
| 9. |
- Abutalib, M. M., et al.
(författare)
-
Preparation of rGO/FeMoO4 as high-performance photocatalyst for degradation of malachite green, phenol and H2 evolution under natural sunlight
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 47:77, s. 32955-32968
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- FeMoO4 and rGO/FeMoO4 nanocomposites were successfully prepared by a facile hydro-thermal method. The XRD results confirmed that the FeMoO4 has a monometallic b-FeMoO4 crystalline phase while the rGO/FeMoO4 showed both monometallic a-and b-FeMoO4 phases where b-FeMoO4 is the predominant phase. The reduction of graphene oxide (GO) to reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was performed without using any chemical reductions. UV-Vis results showed that the visible light absorption and band gap energy were enhanced after the addition of rGO. The prepared samples were successfully applied for degradation of malachite green (MG) and phenol (Ph) and for H2 evolution under natural solar light irradiation. All the nanocomposites showed higher photocatalytic activities compared with pure FeMoO4 photocatalyst, and the 10%rGO/FeMoO4 gave the highest photodegradation performance for MG and Ph and for H2 evolution. The photodegradation results revealed that the rGO content played the crucial factor in the photodegradation of MG and Ph, and H2 evolution. The mineralization (TOC), photodegradation mechanism and degradation kinetics of MG and Ph were discussed.
|
|
| 10. |
- Alghamdi, Haifa Mohammed, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of the Fe2O3/TiO2 Nanoparticles on the Structural, Mechanical, Electrical Properties and Antibacterial Activity of the Biodegradable Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol Blend for Food Packaging
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Polymers and the Environment. - : SPRINGER. - 1566-2543 .- 1572-8919. ; 30, s. 3865-3874
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the request for ready-made food grows, its more important than ever to develop effective antimicrobial food packaging materials to assure foods microbiological safety. The solvent casting method was used to create a chitosan (Cs)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blend based active food packaging material enhanced with Fe2O3/TiO2 (FeTiO2) nanoparticles. The prepared films were characterized by TEM, XRD, FTIR, and ac conductivity. The structural alterations occurring in the nanocomposites are indicated by FTIR spectra and XRD investigations. The AC conductivity and dielectric characteristics of nanocomposites were dramatically improved as the nanoparticle loading was raised. The mechanical properties of blend/FeTiO2 nanocomposites films were better than pure blend film. The nanocomposites films had good antibacterial activity and mechanical properties, suggesting that they could be a viable alternative to non-biodegradable packaging material.
|
|
