| 1. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 2. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 3. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 4. |
- Abd Hamid, Fatimah Khairiah, et al.
(författare)
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Resistive strain sensors based on carbon black and multi-wall carbon nanotube composites
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sensors and Actuators A-Physical. - : Elsevier. - 0924-4247 .- 1873-3069. ; 366
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Strain sensors have garnered considerable interest, particularly in human motion and health monitoring, owing to their high stretchability and sensitivity. In this paper, resistive strain sensors comprising carbon black (CB)/ Ecoflex and multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/Ecoflex with high sensitivity and large mechanical strain are presented. These sensors were developed using solution casting and dip-coating techniques. In addition, toluene and acetone were used to enhance the adhesion of CB and MWCNT to the Ecoflex substrate, thereby increasing electrical conductivity, sensitivity, and flexibility of the sensors while maintaining their high stretchability. Toluene-treated strain sensors exhibited the highest sensitivity for both CB/Ecoflex and MWCNT/Ecoflex strain sensors. As a result, the CB/Ecoflex sensor with toluene treatment achieved the highest gauge factor (GF) of -1131, which is 19 times higher than the original samples without surface treatment. Meanwhile, a GF of -106 is exhibited by the MWCNT/Ecoflex sensor, with toluene treatment improving sensitivity by a factor of 2 over untreated samples. These promising findings demonstrate the potential and prospects for flexible and wearable sensor applications.
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| 5. |
- Fuaad, Mariatul Rawdhah Ahmad, et al.
(författare)
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Electrostatic-hydraulic coupled soft actuator for micropump application
- 2024
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Ingår i: Smart materials and structures. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0964-1726 .- 1361-665X. ; 33:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of a soft actuator with high displacement is crucial for the effective operation of micropumps, ensuring a high fluid pump rate. This study introduces an innovative approach by presenting the design and fabrication of a novel electrostatic-hydraulic coupled soft actuator for a micropump within a microfluidic system. This pioneering soft actuator, leveraging electrostatic-hydraulic coupling, showcases a unique solution to enhance the performance of micropumps. The versatility of such a soft actuator makes it particularly promising for biomedical applications. The actuator comprises dielectric fluid in an elastomeric shell and electrodes to form the out-of-plane fluid-amplified displacement. This displacement amplification was used to generate a pumping actuation in the micropump. The actuator was characterized in terms of dielectric fluid volume, electrode size, temporal response, and amplification displacement. The soft actuator showed a maximum amplified displacement of 0.51 mm at 10 kV of the applied voltage, but a higher voltage caused a dielectric breakdown. Moreover, the actuator demonstrated the ability to operate at frequencies of 0.25 Hz and 0.1 Hz. The results of the study indicate that the fabricated electrostatic-hydraulic coupled soft actuator is a dependable and effective method of actuation for a micropump in a microfluidic system. The experimental characterization of the micropump revealed a maximum flow rate of 2304 μl min−1.
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| 6. |
- Fuaad, Mariatul Rawdhah Ahmad, et al.
(författare)
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Microactuators technologies for biomedical applications
- 2023
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Ingår i: Microsystem Technologies. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 0946-7076 .- 1432-1858. ; 29:7, s. 953-984
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rapid advancements in technology have facilitated the development of functional micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) actuators. The use of such actuators has recently witnessed a surge in a variety of biomedical applications, owing to their high precision and conformity. This review aims to provide a comprehensive survey of the recently developed MEMS actuators and their use in biomedical applications. In the context of these applications, we discuss the most appropriate and extensively used actuation techniques such as thermo-responsive, magnetic, piezoelectric, and soft actuation. In addition, state-of-the-art biomedical systems, tools, and devices are categorically reviewed with recently utilized actuation techniques, to provide insight into the prospects of implementation. The key parameters responsible for the enhanced performance and efficiency of the actuators were also addressed. Finally, the future research trends in actuation techniques for biomedical applications are discussed.
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