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| 2. |
- Tran, K. B., et al.
(författare)
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The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lancet. - 0140-6736. ; 400:10352, s. 563-591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
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| 3. |
- Shahid, Shereena, et al.
(författare)
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A Review on the Scope of TFDO-Mediated Oxidation in Organic Synthesis-Reactivity and Selectivity
- 2018
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Ingår i: Current Organic Synthesis. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1570-1794 .- 1875-6271. ; 15:8, s. 1091-1108
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dioxiranes are three-membered strained ring peroxides that are typical archetype examples of electrophilic entities. A dioxirane-based oxidant named 3-methyl(trifluoromethyl)dioxirane (TFDO) is a fluorinated analogue of the extremely valuable oxidant dimethyldioxirane (DMDO). Owing to the strained three-membered ring and presence of electron-withdrawing trifluoromethyl group, TFDO is several times more reactive than DMDO and acts as a significant chemical reagent. Moreover, TFDO exhibits high regio-, chemo- and stereo-selectivity even under unusual reaction conditions, i.e. at pH values close to neutrality and at sub-ambient temperatures. The TFDO transfers an oxygen atom to "unactivated" carbon-hydrogen bonds of alkanes as well as to the double bonds of alkenes and also helps in oxidation of compounds containing heteroatoms having a lone pair of electrons, such as sulfides and amines. TFDO-mediated oxidation is considered to be one of the main procedures in the 21st century for the synthesis of oxygen-containing organic molecules. This review throws light on the applications of TFDO in organic syntheses to provide an insight into the future research and gives a comprehensive summary of the selective functionalization of activated and non-activated organic compounds.
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| 4. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Asif, Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Infrared Laser Irradiation on the Surface Morphology and Electrical Properties of Zinc Metal
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physchem. - : MDPI AG. - 2673-7167. ; 3:1, s. 22-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study details the irradiation of pure (99.995%) and immaculate metallic Zinc using Nd: YAG laser (1064 nm, 10 mJ, 9–14 ns). The influence and impact of multiple laser shots on the formation of microstructures and crystal structure orientations is assessed. Arrays of ablated craters are machined on the whole surface of the target to probe the electrical and topographical characteristics of laser-treated surfaces. Irradiated samples are examined by multiple characterizing techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and a four-point probe for electrical conductivity measurements. SEM and AFM analysis exhibited the formation of laser-induced ripple structures with periodicity sheerly dependent on laser shots. A comparison of surface topography of the virgin and treated samples disclosed a pronounced modification in surface texture. The XRD patterns of laser shined targets indicate no momentous structural change in the crystal structure, whereas the measurements on the electrical conductivity of the irradiated surfaces exhibit an exponential descending trend with an augmentation in laser shots.
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| 7. |
- Fatima, Ambrin, et al.
(författare)
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Monoallelic and bi-allelic variants in NCDN cause neurodevelopmental delay, intellectual disability, and epilepsy
- 2021
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Cell Press. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 108:4, s. 739-748
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neurochondrin (NCDN) is a cytoplasmatic neural protein of importance for neural growth, glutamate receptor (mGluR) signaling, and synaptic plasticity. Conditional loss of Ncdn in mice neural tissue causes depressive-like behaviors, impaired spatial learning, and epileptic seizures. We report on NCDN missense variants in six affected individuals with variable degrees of developmental delay, intellectual disability (ID), and seizures. Three siblings were found homozygous for a NCDN missense variant, whereas another three unrelated individuals carried different de novo missense variants in NCDN. We assayed the missense variants for their capability to rescue impaired neurite formation in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells depleted of NCDN. Overexpression of wild-type NCDN rescued the neurite-phenotype in contrast to expression of NCDN containing the variants of affected individuals. Two missense variants, associated with severe neurodevelopmental features and epilepsy, were unable to restore mGluR5-induced ERK phosphorylation. Electrophysiological analysis of SH-SY5Y cells depleted of NCDN exhibited altered membrane potential and impaired action potentials at repolarization, suggesting NCDN to be required for normal biophysical properties. Using available transcriptome data from human fetal cortex, we show that NCDN is highly expressed in maturing excitatory neurons. In combination, our data provide evidence that bi-allelic and de novo variants in NCDN cause a clinically variable form of neurodevelopmental delay and epilepsy, highlighting a critical role for NCDN in human brain development.
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| 8. |
- Mugheri, Abdul Qayoom, et al.
(författare)
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A Low Charge Transfer Resistance CuO Composite for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Media
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. - : AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS. - 1533-4880 .- 1533-4899. ; 21:4, s. 2613-2620
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An efficient, simple, environment-friendly and inexpensive cupric oxide (CuO) electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is demonstrated. CuO is chemically deposited on the porous carbon material obtained from the dehydration of common sugar. The morphology of CuO on the porous carbon material is plate-like and monoclinic crystalline phase is confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction. The OER activity of CuO nanostructures is investigated in 1 M KOH aqueous solution. To date, the proposed electrocatalyst has the lowest possible potential of 1.49 V versus RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode) to achieve a current density of 20 mA/cm(2) among the. CuO based electrocatalysts and has Tafel slope of 115 mV dec(-1). The electrocatalyst exhibits an excellent long-term stability for 6 hours along with significant durability. The enhanced catalytic active centers of CuO on the carbon material are due to the porous structure of carbon as well as strong coupling between CuO-C. The functionalization of metal oxides or other related nanostructured materials on porous carbon obtained from common sugar provides an opportunity for the development of efficient energy conversion and energy storage systems.
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| 9. |
- Raheel, Kiran, et al.
(författare)
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Design and Performance Evaluation of Orthogonally Polarized Corporate Feed MIMO Antenna Array for Next-Generation Communication System
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE Access. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2169-3536. ; 12, s. 30382-30397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents a novel, compact, diamond-shaped Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna system for 5G wireless communication. The proposed MIMO antenna system encompasses an array configuration, with each array unit comprising two antenna elements. The array elements are then orthogonally oriented making it a dual-port MIMO antenna system. The system is printed on a commercially available Rogers 5880, characterized by a permittivity ( epsilon(r) ) of 2.2 and a loss tangent (tan( delta) ) of 0.0009. The overall dimensions of the MIMO antenna system are 26 x 16 x 0.254 mm(3), operating in an mm-wave band with a frequency spectrum spanning from 26.2 to 34.2 GHz. The single antenna element exhibited a gain of 3.8 dBi and is then improved up to 7.6 dBi with two elements array arrangement. The system exhibited satisfactory MIMO characteristics with a maximum diversity gain of 10 dB, an envelope correlation coefficient of less than 0.0005, and an impressive 25 dB isolation between the antenna elements. Moreover, the proposed MIMO antenna array consistently maintained a radiation efficiency exceeding 90% across the entire desired frequency spectrum. Measurements were conducted with fabricated prototypes to validate the simulation results and were found in good agreement. The remarkable features of the proposed MIMO antenna system, such as compact size, wide bandwidth, good efficiency, and satisfactory gain values make it a promising candidate for 5G millimeter-wave wireless communication networks.
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| 10. |
- Rauf, Shahid, et al.
(författare)
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Triangular loop resonator based compact chipless RFID tag
- 2017
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Ingår i: IEICE Electronics Express. - : IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG. - 1349-2543. ; 14:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel, frequency selective surface (FSS) inspired, fully passive, chipless data encoding circuit capable of being operated as a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag is presented. The tag is composed of finite repetitions of the unit cell realized on a grounded FR4 substrate having an overall size of 27.5 x 30mm(2). The unit cell is made up of several triangle-shaped resonators patterned in a looped fashion. Variation in the geometric structure of the tag, achieved by addition or removal of nested loops, corresponds to a specific bit sequence. Each sequence is represented in the spectral domain as a unique frequency signature of the resonators. The proposed 10-bit tag covers the spectral range from 4 to 11 GHz. The tag is compact, robust, and exhibits a stable response to impinging signals at different angles of incidence.
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