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- Alm Bergvall, Ulrika, 1970-
(författare)
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Food choice in fallow deer – experimental studies of selectivity
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis, I experimentally investigate feeding selectivity in fallow deer (Dama dama), with respect to plant secondary compounds, especially tannins, which can decrease the quality of foods. I found that fallow deer avoided foods with higher amounts of tannic acid and Quebracho tannin, even though the deer ate some high-tannin food. The food choice was strongly dependent on the context in which the food was presented, so that the food choice in relation to tannin content was relative rather than absolute. When high-tannin food occurred at low frequency, the deer ate proportionally less from this type of food, at least when the difference in tannin content between the two foods was large. A basic implication is that an unpalatable plant type could benefit from its unpalatability, especially when occurring at low frequency. In experiments with two patches, the finding of a stronger within- than between-patch selectivity was mirrored in associational effects. First, low-tannin, palatable food was more eaten when occurring in a high-tannin patch, which corresponds to neighbour contrast susceptibility. Second, high-tannin, unpalatable food in a less defended patch was less eaten, which corresponds to neighbour contrast defence. A proximate cause of the associational effects can be the presence of a simultaneous negative contrast, which was experimentally demonstrated in an additional study. Individual differences in selectivity were present early in life and were consistent over five years, and selectivity was correlated with foraging exploratory behaviour. The results from this thesis suggest that fallow deer are selective in their food choice with respect to tannins from the beginning, and that the frequency of occurrence of different foods, but also the distance between foods and the complexity of presentation, influence the food choice. It is also suggested that a foraging behavioural syndrome is present in mammalian herbivores.
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- Alm Bergvall, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Nationella och internationella erfarenheter av inventeringsmetoder för vildsvinsskador : en kunskapssammanställning
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vildsvinet är en inhemsk art som producerar ekosystemtjänster till gagn för människor och natur samtidigt som de orsakar skador och därmed kostnader för lantbruket. I syfte att skapa en grund för en utveckling av tillförlitliga, praktiska och kostnadseffektiva skadeinventeringsmetoder, presenteras här ett kunskapsunderlag kring befintliga metoder för hur jordbruksskador inventeras och värderas. I rapporten sammanställs både internationell vetenskaplig litteratur och nationella metodbeskrivningar från en rad länder med liknande förhållanden som de svenska. Sammanfattningsvis används fyra olika huvudtyper av inventeringsmetoder eller kombinationer av dessa: enkätundersökning, markbaserad inventering, luftbaserad inventering med manuell avläsning, samt luftbaserad inventering med automatisk avläsning. Befintliga markbaserade metoder bör testas avseende noggrannhet och repeterbarhet, samt i vilken utsträckning de kan effektiviseras genom att kompletteras med drönar- eller satellitbilder. Automatiserade metoder med olika typer av optiska instrument och mjukvara bör också utvärderas i vilken mån de fungerar under svenska förhållanden och för olika grödor. Flera studier pekar på att stickprovsbaserade besiktningar kan behöva en referens i form av burar, hägn eller gårdar samt att totalinventeringar med hjälp av fjärranalys kan behöva kompletteras med markkontroller beroende på upplösningen i de bilder som används. I metodbeskrivningarna poängteras vikten av att samtliga parter har förtroende för valda kvantifieringsmetoder, och att detta uppnås genom gedigen kunskap hos, och kontinuerlig vidareutbildning av besiktningspersonerna. Vidare bör enkäter utformas och användas med stor kunskap om statistisk metodik. Flera vetenskapliga studier tar upp att omfattningen av skador kan påverkas av tidpunkten för skadegörelsen, och att det är centralt att också mäta följdskador i form av maskinskador och kasserat foder. Vi föreslår en satsning på att utveckla standardiserade och kvalitetssäkrade metoder med hög acceptans, samtidigt som man utvecklar ett användarvänligt rapporteringssystem som använder sig av information från den nationella blockdatabasen. Det är troligen avgörande för ett framgångsrikt rapporteringssystem att plattformen är enkel och inte för betungande för den enskilde lantbrukaren. Vi föreslår också en samordning mellan inventering på lokal, regional och nationell nivå och sannolikt även inrättande av referensgårdar.
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- Alm Bergvall, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Settle Down! Ranging Behaviour Responses of Roe Deer to Different Capture and Release Methods
- 2021
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Ingår i: Animals. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-2615. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simple Summary The study of animal movement in wild, free ranging species is fundamental for advancing knowledge on ecosystem relationships and for conservation. The deployment of bio-logging devices to this purpose (often GPS-collars in large mammals) requires relatively invasive procedures, such as capture, handling and release. Capture and manipulation cause behavioural modifications that are largely understudied in wild species and may affect both the welfare of animals and the output of the studies. We evaluated post capture and release ranging behaviour responses of a small deer species (roe deer Capreolus capreolus) for five different capture methods across 14 study sites within the EURODEER collaborative project. Roe deer showed modifications in their movement behaviour, independently of the capture method. However, individuals recovered rapidly, converging towards the average behaviour within a relatively short interval of time (between 10 days and one month), demonstrating a general resilience to such stressful events. We encourage researchers to continually adapt capture and handling methods so as to minimize stress and prioritize animal welfare. The fitting of tracking devices to wild animals requires capture and handling which causes stress and can potentially cause injury, behavioural modifications that can affect animal welfare and the output of research. We evaluated post capture and release ranging behaviour responses of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) for five different capture methods. We analysed the distance from the centre of gravity and between successive locations, using data from 14 different study sites within the EURODEER collaborative project. Independently of the capture method, we observed a shorter distance between successive locations and contextual shift away from the home range centre of gravity after the capture and release event. However, individuals converged towards the average behaviour within a relatively short space of time (between 10 days and one month). If researchers investigate questions based on the distance between successive locations of the home range, we recommend (1) initial investigation to establish when the animals start to behave normally again or (2) not using the first two to three weeks of data for their analysis. We also encourage researchers to continually adapt methods to minimize stress and prioritize animal welfare wherever possible, according to the Refinement of the Three R's.
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- Alm Bergvall, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Vigilance adjustments in relation to long- and short term risk in wild fallow deer (Dama dama)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Behavioural Processes. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-6357 .- 1872-8308. ; 128, s. 58-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The risk allocation hypothesis predicts that vigilance should be adjusted to the temporal variation in risk. We test this hypothesis in wild fallow deer exposed to short term (disturbance) and long term (presence of a fawn after parturition) changes in risk. We recorded the proportion, frequency and type of vigilance and size of used area before and after parturition, in GPS-collared wild female fallow deer. Vigilance was divided in two main groups: non-grazing vigilance and grazing vigilance. The latter group was divided into grazing vigilance while chewing and a grazing vigilance when chewing was interrupted. By recording external disturbance in form of passing cars, we were able to investigate if this altered the amount, and type of vigilance. We found that females increased the proportion and frequency of grazing vigilance stop chewing after parturition. The grazing vigilance chewing was unaffected, but non-grazing vigilance decreased. Disturbance increased the proportion grazing vigilance stop chewing to the same extent before and after parturition. We found a clear decrease in female home range size after parturition as a possible behavioural adjustment. The increase in grazing vigilance stop chewing after parturition is a rarely described but expected cost of reproduction.
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- Andersson, Martin O., et al.
(författare)
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Molecular detection of Babesia capreoli and Babesia venatorum in wild Swedish roe deer, Capreolus capreolus
- 2016
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Ingår i: Parasites & Vectors. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1756-3305. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The epidemiology of the zoonotic tick-transmitted parasite Babesia spp. and its occurrence in wild reservoir hosts in Sweden is unclear. In European deer, several parasite species, including Babesia capreoli and the zoonotic B. venatorum and B. divergens has been reported previously. The European roe deer, Capreolus capreolus, is an important and common part of the indigenous fauna in Europe, as well as an important host for Ixodes ricinus ticks, the vector of several Babesia spp. in Europe. Here, we aimed to investigate the occurrence of Babesia spp. in roe deer in Sweden. Findings: Roe deer (n = 77) were caught and sampled for blood. Babesia spp. was detected with a PCR assay targeting the 18S rRNA gene. The prevalence of Babesia spp. was 52 %, and two species were detected; B. capreoli and B. venatorum in 44 and 7.8 % of the individuals, respectively. Infection occurred both in summer and winter. Conclusions: We showed that roe deer in Sweden, close to the edge of their northern inland distributional range, are infected with Babesia spp. The occurrence of B. venatorum in roe deer imply that it is established in Sweden and the zoonotic implication of this finding should be regarded to a greater extent in future.
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