| 1. |
- Almas, Muhammad Shoaib, et al.
(författare)
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A Hybrid Synchrophasor and GOOSE-Based Power System Synchronization Scheme
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE Access. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2169-3536. ; 4, s. 4659-4668
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The design and real-time hardware-in-the-loop implementation of a hybrid synchrophasors and GOOSE-based automatic synchronization algorithm are presented in this paper. Automatic synchronization is performed by utilizing the synchrophasor measurements from two commercial phasor measurement units (PMUs), while the coordinated control commands to automatic voltage regulator and/or turbine governor control and trip command to the circuit breaker are issued using IEC 61850-8-1 GOOSE messages. The algorithm is deployed inside the PMU using the protection logic equations, and direct communication between the PMUs is established to minimize the communication latencies. In addition, the algorithm is tested using a standard protection relay test-set, and automatic test sequences are executed to validate its performance. It is concluded that the hybrid synchrophasor and GOOSE-based automatic synchronization scheme ensures minimum communication latencies, reduces equipment cost, facilitates interoperability, and performs automatic reconnection adequately.
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| 2. |
- Almas, Muhammad Shoaib, et al.
(författare)
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A method exploiting direct communication between phasor measurement units for power system wide-area protection and control algorithms
- 2017
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Ingår i: MethodsX. - : Elsevier. - 1258-780X .- 2215-0161. ; 4, s. 346-359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Synchrophasor measurements from Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are the primary sensors used to deploy Wide-Area Monitoring, Protection and Control (WAMPAC) systems. PMUs stream out synchrophasor measurements through the IEEE C37.118.2 protocol using TCP/IP or UDP/IP. The proposed method establishes a direct communication between two PMUs, thus eliminating the requirement of an intermediate phasor data concentrator, data mediator and/or protocol parser and thereby ensuring minimum communication latency without considering communication link delays. This method allows utilizing synchrophasor measurements internally in a PMU to deploy custom protection and control algorithms. These algorithms are deployed using protection logic equations which are supported by all the PMU vendors. Moreover, this method reduces overall equipment cost as the algorithms execute internally in a PMU and therefore does not require any additional controller for their deployment. The proposed method can be utilized for fast prototyping of wide-area measurements based protection and control applications. The proposed method is tested by coupling commercial PMUs as Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) with Opal-RT’s eMEGAsim Real-Time Simulator (RTS). As illustrative example, anti-islanding protection application is deployed using proposed method and its performance is assessed. The essential points in the method are:• Bypassing intermediate phasor data concentrator or protocol parsers as the synchrophasors are communicated directly between the PMUs (minimizes communication delays).• Wide Area Protection and Control Algorithm is deployed using logic equations in the client PMU, therefore eliminating the requirement for an external hardware controller (cost curtailment)• Effortless means to exploit PMU measurements in an environment familiar to protection engineers
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| 3. |
- Almas, Muhammad Shoaib, et al.
(författare)
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BabelFish—Tools for IEEE C37.118.2-compliant real-time synchrophasor data mediation
- 2017
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Ingår i: SoftwareX. - : Elsevier. - 2352-7110. ; 6, s. 209-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BabelFish (BF) is a real-time data mediator for development and fast prototyping of synchrophasor applications. BF is compliant with the synchrophasor data transmission IEEE Std C37.118.2-2011. BF establishes a TCP/IP connection with any Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) or Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC) stream and parses the IEEE Std C37.118.2-2011 frames in real-time to provide access to raw numerical data in the LabVIEW environment. Furthermore, BF allows the user to select ‘‘data-of-interest’’and transmit it to either a local or remote application using the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) in order to support both unicast and multicast communication. In the power systems Wide Area Monitoring Protection and Control (WAMPAC) domain, BF provides the first Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) for the purpose of giving the users tools for fast prototyping of new applications processing PMU measurements in their chosen environment, thus liberating them of time consuming synchrophasor data handling and allowing them to develop applications in a modular fashion, without a need of a large and monolithic synchrophasor software environment.
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| 4. |
- Almas, Muhammad Shoaib, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences with Steady-State PMU Compliance Testing using Standard Relay Testing Equipment
- 2014
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Ingår i: Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability Conference (PQ), 2014. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781479950201 ; , s. -110
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results of steady state compliance testing of phasor measurement units (PMUs) from three different vendors in a laboratory environment. Testing is performed by providing three phase voltage and current injections to the VT and CT inputs of the PMUs through Freja-300 stand-alone protection relay test set. Testing is performed according to the standard “IEEE C37.242-2013 - IEEE Guide for Synchronization, Calibration, Testing, and Installation of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) for Power System Protection and Control”. The paper discusses the test setup, testing process and overall test results of this project. The limitations of stand-alone testing equipment and recommendations for utilizing real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulation for thorough testing of PMUs are also presented.
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| 5. |
- Almas, Muhammad Shoaib, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Performance Assessment of a Generator's Excitation Control System using Real-Time Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2014 - 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE. - : IEEE conference proceedings. ; , s. 3756-3762
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents methods and results for experimental performance assessment using Real-Time Hardware-in-the-Loop (RT-HIL) simulation of an Excitation Control System (ECS) for both terminal voltage regulation and power oscillation damping. The ECS configured for this study is Unitrol 1020 from ABB and its performance is assessed for both Automatic Voltage Regulator (Auto) and Field Current Regulator (Manual) modes. RT-HIL simulation is performed by using Opal-RT’s eMEGAsim RT Simulator using a power system model including a synchronous generator. Finally, the Power System Stabilizing feature of Unitrol 1020 is calibrated and assessed.
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| 6. |
- Almas, Muhammad Shoaib, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Time-Synchronization Signal Loss on PMU-based WAMPAC Applications
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE PES General Meeting 2016. - : IEEE.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper experimentally assesses the impact of loss of time-synchronization signal on synchrophasor-based Wide-Area Monitoring, Protection and Control applications. Phase Angle Monitoring (PAM), anti-islanding protection and power oscillation damping applications are investigated. Power system models are executed using a real-time simulator with commercial PMUs coupled to them as hardware-in-the-loop. The experiments conclude that a phase angle monitoring application shows erroneous power system state whereas the operating time of an anti-islanding protection application increases due to the loss of time-synchronization signal input to PMUs. In addition, the performance of an oscillation damping controller degrades in the absence of time-synchronization input to the PMUs.
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| 7. |
- Almas, Muhammad Shoaib, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of Conventional and Phasor Based Power System Stabilizing Controls for Real-Time Simulation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2014 - 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE. - : IEEE conference proceedings. ; , s. 3770-3776
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the implementation of three different types of Power System Stabilizers (PSS) and a Static Var Compensator with a supplementary Phasor Power Oscillation Damper (POD) control for real-time simulation. The Klein-Rogers-Kundur model is used as test case and the PSS and Phasor-POD’s performance is evaluated for both large and small disturbances. Modeling is performed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment and is executed in real-time using Opal-RT’s eMEGAsim Real-Time Simulator. The simulation results and the developed model will be used to deploy hardware prototype based on embedded controllers to provide power oscillation damping. Real-time software in the loop (SIL) approach is used for validating developed models as a first logical step towards development of a prototype hardware controller.
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| 8. |
- Almas, Muhammad Shoaib, et al.
(författare)
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Methodologies for Power Protection Relay Testing : From Conventional to Real-Time Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Simulation Approaches
- 2013
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Ingår i: 10th International Conference on Power System Transients.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Performance testing of the protection relays ensures that a particular protection scheme will operate reliably and fast enough to disconnect a faulty zone from the rest of the network, thus mitigating the effect of fault on the power system. It is therefore important to validate the settings of power protection equipment and to confirm its performance when subject to different fault conditions. Traditionally, commissioning engineers make use of standalone protection relay test sets for analyzing the performance of relays when subjected to different voltage and current injections. With the advent of digital simulators the model of the power system can be executed in real-time and protection relays can be interfaced as hardware-in-the-loop to evaluate their performance when subjected to different faults in the simulated power system. This gives an added value of analyzing the overall behavior of the power system coupled with the relay performance under faulty conditions. In addition, the utilization of GOOSE messages for status, control and protection purposes puts an extra requirement to completely test the IEC 61850 capabilities of the protection relays.This article illustrates two different techniques namely standalone testing and real-time hardware-in-the-loop testing used for protection relays performance verification. Both techniques are evaluated for hardwired and IEC 61850-8-1 (GOOSE) signals. The instantaneous overcurrent protection feature of Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories Relay SEL-421 is used for complete standalone and RT-HIL testing. For RT-HIL testing, the test case is modeled in MATLAB/Simulink and executed in real-time using Opal-RT's eMEGAsim real-time simulator. The event reports generated by standalone and RT-HIL testing for both hardwired and GOOSE signals is used to verify the tripping times achieved. Finally the performance of hardwired and GOOSE tripping times are compared and the overall standalone and RT-HIL techniques are evaluated.
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| 9. |
- Almas, Muhammad Shoaib, et al.
(författare)
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Open Source SCADA Implementation and PMU Integration for Power System Monitoring and Control Applications
- 2014
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Ingår i: PES General Meeting | Conference & Exposition, 2014 IEEE. - : IEEE conference proceedings. ; , s. -5
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the implementation of an Open Source SCADA system in a laboratory and discusses methods for PMU data integration into SCADA. SCADA BR is a web-browser based SCADA that enables the user to access monitoring, control and automation equipment over multiple protocols. For implementation, protection relays from SEL are configured as DNP3 outstations to act as slaves and SCADA BR which is installed in one of the workstations in the laboratory acts as master. The evaluation of SCADA BR has been performed by executing a power system model in a real-time simulator and coupling its analog outputs with the protection relays. The integration of PMU measurements in the SCADA system and their use for monitoring is discussed. The limitations of the SCADA systems to fully utilize PMU data are also presented.
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| 10. |
- Almas, Muhammad Shoaib, et al.
(författare)
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Over-current relay model implementation for real time simulation & Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) validation
- 2012
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Ingår i: IECON 2012 - 38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. - Montreal, QC : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781467324199 ; , s. 4789-4896
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digital microprocessor based relays are currently being utilized for safe, reliable and efficient operation of power systems. The overcurrent protection relay is the most extensively used component to safeguard power systems from the detrimental effects of faults. Wrong settings in overcurrent relay parameters can lead to false tripping or even bypassing fault conditions which can lead to a catastrophe. Therefore it is important to validate the settings of power protection equipment and to confirm its performance when subject to different fault conditions. This paper presents the modeling of an overcurrent relay in SimPowerSystems (\textsc {matlab}/Simulink). The overcurrent relay has the features of instantaneous, time definite and inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) characteristics. A power system is modeled in SimPowerSystems and this overcurrent relay model is incorporated in the test case. The overall model is then simulated in real-time using Opal-RT's eMEGAsim real-time simulator to analyze the relay's performance when subjected to faults and with different characteristic settings in the relay model. Finally Hardware-in-the-Loop validation of the model is done by using the overcurrent protection feature in Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories Relay SEL-487E. The event reports generated by the SEL relays during Hardware-in-the-Loop testing are compared with the results obtained from the standalone testing and software model to validate the model.
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