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- Borges Vieira, Alex, et al.
(författare)
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Characterizing SopCast Client Behavior
- 2012
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Ingår i: Computer Communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0140-3664 .- 1873-703X. ; 35:8, s. 1004-1016
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Live streaming media applications are becoming more popular each day. Indeed, some important TV channels already broadcast their live content on the Internet. In such scenario, Peer-to-Peer (P2P) applications are very attractive as platforms to distribute live content to large client populations at low costs. A thorough understanding of how clients of such applications typically behave, particularly in terms of dynamic patterns, can provide useful insights into the design of more cost-effective and robust solutions. With the goal of extending the current knowledge of how clients of live streaming applications typically behave, this paper provides a detailed characterization of clients of SopCast, a currently very popular P2P live streaming application. We have analyzed a series of SopCast transmissions collected using PlanetLab. These transmissions are categorized into two different types, namely, major event live transmissions and regular (or non-event) live transmissions. Our main contributions are: (a) a detailed model of client behavior in P2P live streaming applications, (b) the characterization of all model components for two different types of transmissions in the SopCast application, (c) the identification of qualitative and quantitative similarities and differences in the typical client behavior across different transmissions, and (d) the determination of parameter values for the proposed client behavior model to support the design of realistic synthetic workload generators.
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| 2. |
- Do Nascimento, Israel Júnior Borges, et al.
(författare)
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Infodemics and health misinformation : a systematic review of reviews
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bulletin of the World Health Organization. - 0042-9686. ; 100:9, s. 544-561
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To compare and summarize the literature regarding infodemics and health misinformation, and to identify challenges and opportunities for addressing the issues of infodemics. Methods We searched MEDLINE®, Embase®, Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, Scopus and Epistemonikos on 6 May 2022 for systematic reviews analysing infodemics, misinformation, disinformation and fake news related to health. We grouped studies based on similarity and retrieved evidence on challenges and opportunities. We used the AMSTAR 2 approach to assess the reviews’ methodological quality. To evaluate the quality of the evidence, we used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation guidelines. Findings Our search identified 31 systematic reviews, of which 17 were published. The proportion of health-related misinformation on social media ranged from 0.2% to 28.8%. Twitter, Facebook, YouTube and Instagram are critical in disseminating the rapid and far-reaching information. The most negative consequences of health misinformation are the increase of misleading or incorrect interpretations of available evidence, impact on mental health, misallocation of health resources and an increase in vaccination hesitancy. The increase of unreliable health information delays care provision and increases the occurrence of hateful and divisive rhetoric. Social media could also be a useful tool to combat misinformation during crises. Included reviews highlight the poor quality of published studies during health crises. Conclusion Available evidence suggests that infodemics during health emergencies have an adverse effect on society. Multisectoral actions to counteract infodemics and health misinformation are needed, including developing legal policies, creating and promoting awareness campaigns, improving health-related content in mass media and increasing people’s digital and health literacy.
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