| 1. |
- Izekor, David, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of geometric particle sizes of wood flour on strength and dimensional properties of wood plastic composites
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied and Natural Science. - : Applied and Natural Science Foundation. - 0974-9411 .- 2231-5209. ; 5:1, s. 194-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of different wood flour sizes on strength and dimensional properties of wood-plastic compositeswere examined. Wood flour of different particle sizes viz; 1.00mm, 2.00mm and >2.00mm were compounded withrecycled low-density polyethylene (LDPE) at different wood/plastic ratio of 1: 1, 2: 3 and 3: 2. The results obtainedshowed that wood flour size > 2.00mm has the highest MOR and MOE values of 1.206N mm-2 and 2484.72Nmm-2while wood flour size of 1.00mm had the lowest MOR and MOE values of 0.505Nmm-2 and 2195.89Nmm-2 respectively.Also the results of the physical properties showed that wood flour size of 1.00mm had the lowest thickness swellingpercentage with mean values of 0.28% and 2.08% while water absorption percentage has mean values of 0.91%and 10.58% after 2 hours and 24 hours of water immersion respectively. It was observed that wood flour size of2.00mm and particle size >2.00mm had the highest thickness swelling and water absorption percentages. Thisshowed that strength properties of wood plastic composites increased with increased particle sizes whereas itsdimensional properties increased with decreased particle sizes. The results of analysis of variance carried out onmechanical and physical properties showed that particle sizes and wood/plastic ratio had a significant effect on themechanical and physical properties of wood plastic composites (p 0.05).
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| 2. |
- Alawode, Abiodun, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Irvingia kernels extract as biobased wood adhesive
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Wood Science. - : Springer. - 1435-0211 .- 1611-4663. ; 66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Irvingia tree species have been earmarked for domestication in many countries due to their potential as raw materials for various applications, which include biodiesel, cosmetics, perfume, soap, etc. Presently, there is no information on the utilization of kernel seed extract as a potential source of green wood adhesive. This study is focused on investigating the properties of adhesives produced from kernel seeds of two Irvingia wood species i.e. Irvingia gabonensis (IG) and Irvingia wombolu (IW), as well as investigating the improved properties derived from the effect of modification using a few selected modifying agents including glutaraldehyde, glyoxal, epichlorohydrin (EPI) and an acid/base type process modification. Polyethylene (PE) was used along with the glutaraldehyde, glyoxal and epichlorohydrin modifiers in the modification process. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were conducted to study the effect of modification on adhesive properties. The glycosidic carbon of the unmodified extracts and that of the EPI modified sample were not sensitive to chain conformations. Principal components (PC) 1 and 2 explained 85.19 and 9.54%, respectively, of the total variability in FTIR spectra among the modified and unmodified adhesives. The unmodified samples for IG and IW exhibited one peak with crystallization temperatures of 18.7 and 14.4 °C, respectively, indicating only one component exhibits some low degree crystallinity. The adhesive properties of the modified extracts were tested on wood veneers according to ASTM standard. The shear strength of the modified adhesives ranged from 1.5 to 3.93 MPa and 1.7 to 4.05 MPa for IG and IW, respectively. The modified samples containing PE showed marked improvement in the shear strength. The highest values were about 63% higher than the shear strength of unmodified samples with least shear strength. The results indicated that the modification of Irvingia-based adhesives had a great contribution to their performance as natural wood adhesives.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Alawode, Abiodun, et al.
(författare)
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Performance evaluation of a natural based adhesive derived from Irvingia wood species kernel extracts on wood panel production
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0169-4243 .- 1568-5616. ; 34:9, s. 995-1012
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Irvingia seed kernels have been identified as potential raw materials for a wide range of applications such as biodiesel, cosmetics, perfume, and soap. As a result, the Irvingia wood species is earmarked for domestication globally in order to commercially exploit these potential benefits. This study investigated the physical and mechanical properties of experimental panels made with pine (Pinus elliottii) wood particles, using modified Irvingia gabonensis (IG) and Irvingia wombolu (IW) extracts as a binder. The mean values of modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) for the panels produced with this Irvingia-based adhesive were 5.8 and 1251 MPa, respectively. These values are within the minimum requirement for MOR and MOE (5.5 and 1034 MPa, respectively) for panel grade 1-L-1 as specified by the American National Standards Institute A208.1. The results from the study show that Irvingia kernel extracts may be considered as a potential environmentally friendly adhesive for wood composite manufacture.
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| 5. |
- Alawode, Abiodun, et al.
(författare)
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Properties and characteristics of novel formaldehyde-free wood adhesives prepared from Irvingia gabonensis and Irvingia wombolu seed kernel extracts
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives. - : Elsevier. - 0143-7496 .- 1879-0127. ; 95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is renewed interest in the domestication of Irvingia tree species due to the potential use of various parts of the tree as raw materials for a wide range of applications such as biodiesel production, cosmetics, perfumes, soap, weight-loss supplement etc. The current study investigates the properties of extracts from the seed kernels of two Irvingia species – Irvingia gabonensis (IG) and Irvingia wombolu (IW) as natural wood adhesives. Three extraction methods using various solvent/solute media were compared in terms of yield, composition and mechanical properties. Statistically, the analysis revealed significant differences between the different extraction methods. The adhesion properties of the extracts were tested on wood veneers according to the American Society for Testing and Materials standard (ASTM D – 906-64). The shear strength of the extracts ranged from 0.55 to 1.5 MPa and 0.86 to 1.7 MPa for IG and IW, respectively. The initial decomposition temperature of all Irvingia Kernel extract ranges from 138.3 – 149.11 oC for IG and 129.5 – 145.3 oC for IW. As a result, the hot melt temperature for the adhesive experiments was set around 150 oC. The results indicate that Irvingia kernel extract is a more promising source of non-formaldehyde based adhesives in wood composite production.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Amiandamhen, Stephen, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of the physical and mechanical properties of treated Kenaf fibre cement composites
- 2015
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Ingår i: Ife Journal of Technology. - 1115-9782. ; 23:2, s. 14-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the effect of pretreatment on theproperties of kenaf fibre cement boards. Homogenous fibre cementboards were made from kenaf bast fibres, cement and water. Thefibres were cut into smaller sizes, mixed with cement and water andformed in rectangular moulds. After demoulding, the boards werecured for 28 days. The boards were manufactured at threepretreatment levels which include hot water, 3% CaCl2, hot water and 3% CaCl2 and a control. The fibre cement boards were tested forModulus of Rupture (MOR), Modulus of Elasticity (MOE), InternalBonding (IB), Water Absorption (WA), Thickness Swelling (TS) andLinear Expansion (LE). Also nail ability and withdrawal resistance,termite, fungi and fire resistances were also assessed. The resultsshowed that the mean MOR ranged from 1.31 to 8.25 N/mm2; the meanMOE from 78.0 to 1636.3 N/mm2 for all treated boards. Mean waterabsorption ranged from 27.52% to 67.64% and the mean thicknessswelling from 14.51% to 48.01% for all treated boards. Statisticalanalysis showed that the effects of the pretreatments were significanton the properties evaluated (p < 0.05). The study concluded that hotwater combined with CaCl2 treated boards exhibited the bestmechanical and physical properties.
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| 8. |
- Amiandamhen, Stephen, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Bioenergy production and utilization in different sectors in Sweden: A state of the art review
- 2020
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Ingår i: BioResources. - : University of North Carolina Press. - 1930-2126. ; 15:4, s. 9834-9857
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the continual desire to reduce the environmental footprints of human activities, research efforts to provide cleaner energy is increasingly becoming vital. The effect of climate change on present and future existence, sustainable processes, and utilizations of renewable resources have been active topics within international discourse. In order to reduce the greenhouse gases emissions from traditional materials and processes, there has been a shift to more environmental friendly alternatives. The conversion of biomass to bioenergy, including biofuels has been considered to contribute to the future of climate change mitigation, although there are concerns about carbon balance from forest utilization. Bioenergy accounts for more than one-third of all energy used in Sweden and biomass has provided about 60% of the fuel for district heating. Apart from heat and electricity supply, the transport sector, with about 30% of global energy use, has a significant role in a sustainable bioenergy system. This review presents the state of the art in the Swedish bioenergy sector based on literature and Swedish Energy Agency’s current statistics. The review also discusses the overall bioenergy production and utilization in different sectors in Sweden. The current potential, challenges, and environmental considerations of bioenergy production are also discussed.
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| 9. |
- Amiandamhen, Stephen, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Calcium phosphate bonded wood and fiber composite panels : production and optimization of panel properties
- 2017
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Ingår i: Holzforschung. - Germany : Walter de Gruyter. - 0018-3830 .- 1437-434X. ; 71:9, s. 725-732
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of phosphate bonded composites with properties comparable with those of current Portland cement bonded products has been investigated. More precisely, the focus of the study was the optimization of calcium phosphate cements in combination with wood processing residues slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) planer shavings, Black wattle (Acacia mearnsii De Wild.) residues, Blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) residues, hemp (Cannabis Sativa L.) hurds and dried crushed sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum L.) as well as pulp mill sludge and waste paper. A central composite design (CCD) for the response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for selection of the proper parameters. Mechanical tests were conducted on the composite products and the effect of the processing variables was evaluated based on the Pareto analysis of variance. The density of the wood-based panels ranged from 0.68 to 1.21 g cm−3, that of the agricultural fibers from 0.59 to 1.15 g cm−3 and that of the paper pulp panels from 0.81 to 1.21 g cm−3. The modulus of elasticity (MOE) data of the panels ranged from 1.63 to 4.92 MPa for wood, from 0.37 to 3.28 MPa for agricultural fibers and from 0.65 to 3.87 MPa for paper-pulp-based fibers. The physical properties of the composite products met the requirements for Portland-cement-bonded particleboards (EN 634-2, 2007).
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| 10. |
- Amiandamhen, Stephen, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of bark on the physical and mechanical properties of phosphate bonded wood composites of black wattle (Acacia mearnsii De Wild)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Forest resource and Products: Moving toward a sustainable future, 59th International Convention of the Society of Wood Science and Technology, Curitiba, Brazil, March 6 -10, 2016. - Curitiba, Brazil. - 9780981787664 ; , s. 165-173
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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