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- Kennicutt, M. C., et al.
(författare)
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Delivering 21st century Antarctic and Southern Ocean science
- 2016
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Ingår i: Antarctic Science. - 0954-1020 .- 1365-2079. ; 28, s. 407-423
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © Antarctic Science Ltd 2016.The Antarctic Roadmap Challenges (ARC) project identified critical requirements to deliver high priority Antarctic research in the 21st century. The ARC project addressed the challenges of enabling technologies, facilitating access, providing logistics and infrastructure, and capitalizing on international co-operation. Technological requirements include: i) innovative automated in situ observing systems, sensors and interoperable platforms (including power demands), ii) realistic and holistic numerical models, iii) enhanced remote sensing and sensors, iv) expanded sample collection and retrieval technologies, and v) greater cyber-infrastructure to process 'big data' collection, transmission and analyses while promoting data accessibility. These technologies must be widely available, performance and reliability must be improved and technologies used elsewhere must be applied to the Antarctic. Considerable Antarctic research is field-based, making access to vital geographical targets essential. Future research will require continent- and ocean-wide environmentally responsible access to coastal and interior Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. Year-round access is indispensable. The cost of future Antarctic science is great but there are opportunities for all to participate commensurate with national resources, expertise and interests. The scope of future Antarctic research will necessitate enhanced and inventive interdisciplinary and international collaborations. The full promise of Antarctic science will only be realized if nations act together.
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| 2. |
- Davis, P. E. D., et al.
(författare)
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Suppressed basal melting in the eastern Thwaites Glacier grounding zone
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 614:7948
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thwaites Glacier is one of the fastest-changing ice-ocean systems in Antarctica(1-3). Much of the ice sheet within the catchment of Thwaites Glacier is grounded below sea level on bedrock that deepens inland(4), making it susceptible to rapid and irreversible ice loss that could raise the global sea level by more than half a metre(2,3,5). The rate and extent of ice loss, and whether it proceeds irreversibly, are set by the ocean conditions and basal melting within the grounding-zone region where Thwaites Glacier first goes afloat(3,6), both of which are largely unknown. Here we show-using observations from a hot-water-drilled access hole-that the grounding zone of Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf (TEIS) is characterized by a warm and highly stable water column with temperatures substantially higher than the in situ freezing point. Despite these warm conditions, low current speeds and strong density stratification in the ice-ocean boundary layer actively restrict the vertical mixing of heat towards the ice base(7,8), resulting in strongly suppressed basal melting. Our results demonstrate that the canonical model of ice-shelf basal melting used to generate sea-level projections cannot reproduce observed melt rates beneath this critically important glacier, and that rapid and possibly unstable grounding-line retreat may be associated with relatively modest basal melt rates.
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| 3. |
- Ebefors, Kerstin, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling the Glomerular Filtration Barrier and Intercellular Crosstalk
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Physiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-042X. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The glomerulus is a compact cluster of capillaries responsible for blood filtration and initiating urine production in the renal nephrons. A trilaminar structure in the capillary wall forms the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB), composed of glycocalyx-enriched and fenestrated endothelial cells adhering to the glomerular basement membrane and specialized visceral epithelial cells, podocytes, forming the outermost layer with a molecular slit diaphragm between their interdigitating foot processes. The unique dynamic and selective nature of blood filtration to produce urine requires the functionality of each of the GFB components, and hence, mimicking the glomerular filter in vitro has been challenging, though critical for various research applications and drug screening. Research efforts in the past few years have transformed our understanding of the structure and multifaceted roles of the cells and their intricate crosstalk in development and disease pathogenesis. In this review, we present a new wave of technologies that include glomerulus-on-a-chip, three-dimensional microfluidic models, and organoids all promising to improve our understanding of glomerular biology and to enable the development of GFB-targeted therapies. Here, we also outline the challenges and the opportunities of these emerging biomimetic systems that aim to recapitulate the complex glomerular filter, and the evolving perspectives on the sophisticated repertoire of cellular signaling that comprise the glomerular milieu.
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