| 1. |
- Ek, Weronica E., et al.
(författare)
-
Tea and coffee consumption in relation to DNA methylation in four European cohorts
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press. - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 26:16, s. 3221-3231
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lifestyle factors, such as food choices and exposure to chemicals, can alter DNA methylation and lead to changes in gene activity. Two such exposures with pharmacologically active components are coffee and tea consumption. Both coffee and tea has been suggested to play an important role in modulating disease-risk in humans by suppressing tumour progression, decreasing inflammation and influencing estrogen metabolism. These mechanisms may be mediated by changes in DNA methylation.To investigate if DNA methylation in blood is associated with coffee and tea consumption we performed a genome-wide DNA methylation study for coffee and tea consumption in four European cohorts (N = 3,096). DNA methylation was measured from whole blood at 421,695 CpG sites distributed throughout the genome and analysed in men and women both separately and together in each cohort. Meta-analyses of the results and additional regional-level analyses were performed.After adjusting for multiple testing, the meta-analysis revealed that two individual CpG-sites, mapping to DNAJC16 and TTC17, were differentially methylated in relation to tea consumption in women. No individual sites were associated in men or in the sex-combined analysis for tea or coffee. The regional analysis revealed that 28 regions were differentially methylated in relation to tea consumption in women. These regions contained genes known to interact with estradiol metabolism and cancer. No significant regions were found in the sex-combined and male-only analysis for either tea or coffee consumption.
|
|
| 2. |
- Langefors, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Association between major histocompatibility complex class IIB alleles and resistance to Aeromonas salmonicida in Atlantic salmon
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Royal Society of London. Proceedings B. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 1471-2954 .- 0962-8452. ; 268:1466, s. 479-485
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have tested the importance of genetic variation in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class IIB in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) for survival after challenge with a highly virulent bacterial pathogen. Forty juvenile full siblings from each of 120 families were infected with the bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida, which causes high mortality in salmon due to furunculosis. Fishes from high-resistance (HR, < 35% mortality) and low-resistance (LR, > 80% mortality) families were screened for their MHC class IIB genotypes using the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) technique. The exon 2 sequences, encoding the major part of the peptide-binding region, were established far each DGGE fragment. One allele, e, containing a missense single base substitution was significantly more prevalent in HR families than in LR families. An odds-ratio test showed that broods carrying this allele had a 12-fold higher chance of being HR than broods without the e allele. A second allele, i, showed significantly higher frequencies in uninfected and surviving individuals than in infected dead individuals. A third allele, j, tended to be more prevalent both in LR families and in individuals that had died of the infection. There was no correlation between MHC heterozygosity and resistance to A. salmonicida. Our results support the hypothesis that MHC polymorphism is maintained through pathogen-driven selection acting by means of frequency-dependent selection rather than heterozygous advantage.
|
|
| 3. |
- Liu, Wei, et al.
(författare)
-
A combined genome-wide association and molecular study of age-related hearing loss in H. sapiens
- 2021
-
Ingår i: BMC Medicine. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1741-7015. ; 19:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Sensorineural hearing loss is one of the most common sensory deficiencies. However, the molecular contribution to age-related hearing loss is not fully elucidated.METHODS: We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for hearing loss-related traits in the UK Biobank (N = 362,396) and selected a high confidence set of ten hearing-associated gene products for staining in human cochlear samples: EYA4, LMX1A, PTK2/FAK, UBE3B, MMP2, SYNJ2, GRM5, TRIOBP, LMO-7, and NOX4.RESULTS: All proteins were found to be expressed in human cochlear structures. Our findings illustrate cochlear structures that mediate mechano-electric transduction of auditory stimuli, neuronal conductance, and neuronal plasticity to be involved in age-related hearing loss.CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest common genetic variation to influence structural resilience to damage as well as cochlear recovery after trauma, which protect against accumulated damage to cochlear structures and the development of hearing loss over time.
|
|
| 4. |
- Lohm, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
-
Experimental evidence for major histocompatibility complex-allele-specific resistance to a bacterial infection
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 269:1504, s. 2029-2033
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The extreme polymorphism found at some major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci is believed to be maintained by balancing selection caused by infectious pathogens. Experimental support for this is inconclusive. We have studied the interaction between certain MHC alleles and the bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida, which causes the severe disease furunculosis, in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). We designed full-sibling broods consisting of combinations of homozygote and heterozygote genotypes with respect to resistance or susceptibility alleles. The juveniles were experimentally infected with A. salmonicida and their individual survival was monitored. By comparing full siblings carrying different MHC genotypes the effects on survival due to other segregating genes were minimized. We show that a pathogen has the potential to cause very intense selection pressure on particular MHC alleles; the relative fitness difference between individuals carrying different MHC alleles was as high as 0.5. A co-dominant pattern of disease resistance/susceptibility was found, indicative of qualitative difference in the immune response between individuals carrying the high- and low-resistance alleles. Rather unexpectedly, survival was not higher among heterozygous individuals as compared with homozygous ones.
|
|
| 5. |
- Mölelr, Hanne, et al.
(författare)
-
Food waste and date labelling - Issues affecting the durability
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of the project has been to identify how date labelling legislation on food is practised in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden and how the durability can be affected in the food supply chain. The project recommends enhanced guidance for manufacturers, retailers and consumers.
|
|
| 6. |
- Aabenhus, Rune, et al.
(författare)
-
First attempt to produce experimental Campylobacter concisus infection in mice
- 2008
-
Ingår i: World Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.. - 1007-9327. ; 14:45, s. 6954-6959
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To infect mice with atypical Campylobacter concisus (C concisus) for the first time. METHODS: Three separate experiments were conducted in order to screen the ability of five clinical C concisus isolates of intestinal origin and the ATCC 33237 type strain of oral origin to colonize and produce infection in immunocompetent BALB/cA mice. The majority of the BALB/cA mice were treated with cyclophosphamide prior to C concisus inoculation to suppress immune functions. Inoculation of C concisus was performed by the gastric route. RESULTS: C concisus was isolated from the liver, ileum and jejunum of cyclophosphamide-treated mice in the first experiment. No C concisus strains were isolated in the two subsequent experiments. Mice infected with C concisus showed a significant loss of body weight from day two through to day five of infection but this decreased at the end of the first week. Histopathologicalexamination did not consistently find signs of inflammation in the gut, but occasionally microabscesses were found in the liver of infected animals. CONCLUSION: Transient colonization with C concisus was observed in mice with loss of body weight. Future studies should concentrate on the first few days after inoculation and in other strains of mice. (C) 2008 The WJG Press. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 7. |
- Ahmed, Niaz, et al.
(författare)
-
Consensus statements and recommendations from the ESO-Karolinska Stroke Update Conference, Stockholm 11-13 November 2018.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: European Stroke Journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 2396-9873 .- 2396-9881. ; 4:4, s. 307-317
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the European Stroke Organisation-Karolinska Stroke Update Conference is to provide updates on recent stroke therapy research and to give an opportunity for the participants to discuss how these results may be implemented into clinical routine. The meeting started 22 years ago as Karolinska Stroke Update, but since 2014 it is a joint conference with European Stroke Organisation. Importantly, it provides a platform for discussion on the European Stroke Organisation guidelines process and on recommendations to the European Stroke Organisation guidelines committee on specific topics. By this, it adds a direct influence from stroke professionals otherwise not involved in committees and work groups on the guideline procedure. The discussions at the conference may also inspire new guidelines when motivated. The topics raised at the meeting are selected by the scientific programme committee mainly based on recent important scientific publications. This year's European Stroke Organisation-Karolinska Stroke Update Meeting was held in Stockholm on 11-13 November 2018. There were 11 scientific sessions discussed in the meeting including two short sessions. Each session except the short sessions produced a consensus statement (Full version with background, issues, conclusions and references are published as web-material and at www.eso-karolinska.org and http://eso-stroke.org) and recommendations which were prepared by a writing committee consisting of session chair(s), scientific secretary and speakers. These statements were presented to the 250 participants of the meeting. In the open meeting, general participants commented on the consensus statement and recommendations and the final document were adjusted based on the discussion from the general participants Recommendations (grade of evidence) were graded according to the 1998 Karolinska Stroke Update meeting with regard to the strength of evidence. Grade A Evidence: Strong support from randomised controlled trials and statistical reviews (at least one randomised controlled trial plus one statistical review). Grade B Evidence: Support from randomised controlled trials and statistical reviews (one randomised controlled trial or one statistical review). Grade C Evidence: No reasonable support from randomised controlled trials, recommendations based on small randomised and/or non-randomised controlled trials evidence.
|
|
| 8. |
- Ahsan, Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
-
The relative contribution of DNA methylation and genetic variants on protein biomarkers for human diseases.
- 2017
-
Ingår i: PLOS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 13:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Associations between epigenetic alterations and disease status have been identified for many diseases. However, there is no strong evidence that epigenetic alterations are directly causal for disease pathogenesis. In this study, we combined SNP and DNA methylation data with measurements of protein biomarkers for cancer, inflammation or cardiovascular disease, to investigate the relative contribution of genetic and epigenetic variation on biomarker levels. A total of 121 protein biomarkers were measured and analyzed in relation to DNA methylation at 470,000 genomic positions and to over 10 million SNPs. We performed epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) and genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses, and integrated biomarker, DNA methylation and SNP data using between 698 and 1033 samples depending on data availability for the different analyses. We identified 124 and 45 loci (Bonferroni adjusted P < 0.05) with effect sizes up to 0.22 standard units' change per 1% change in DNA methylation levels and up to four standard units' change per copy of the effective allele in the EWAS and GWAS respectively. Most GWAS loci were cis-regulatory whereas most EWAS loci were located in trans. Eleven EWAS loci were associated with multiple biomarkers, including one in NLRC5 associated with CXCL11, CXCL9, IL-12, and IL-18 levels. All EWAS signals that overlapped with a GWAS locus were driven by underlying genetic variants and three EWAS signals were confounded by smoking. While some cis-regulatory SNPs for biomarkers appeared to have an effect also on DNA methylation levels, cis-regulatory SNPs for DNA methylation were not observed to affect biomarker levels. We present associations between protein biomarker and DNA methylation levels at numerous loci in the genome. The associations are likely to reflect the underlying pattern of genetic variants, specific environmental exposures, or represent secondary effects to the pathogenesis of disease.
|
|
| 9. |
- Andersen, Christian B., et al.
(författare)
-
Pythium oligandrum induces growth promotion in starch potato without significantly altering the rhizosphere microbiome
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Applied Soil Ecology. - 0929-1393. ; 199
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant health promoting organisms, including microbial biological control agents, are of increasing importance for the development of more sustainable agriculture. To understand the function of these microbes as biological control agents under field conditions and their overall impact on soil and plant health, we need to learn more about the impact of plant beneficial microbes on the rhizosphere microbiome of crops such as potato. The plant beneficial oomycete Pythium oligandrum has previously been reported both as a biocontrol agent and as a plant growth promoter, or biostimulant, in several crop species. To investigate the potential of P. oligandrum as a biostimulant in potato, we performed a series of controlled-environment bioassays in three cultivars. We showed that biostimulation of potato by P. oligandrum is plant genotype-specific. We confirmed the biostimulation by P. oligandrum in the starch potato cultivar Kuras under field conditions. We further investigated the effects of P. oligandrum on the potato rhizosphere microbiome, sampling individual potato plants at three time points over the growing season (representing the vegetative growth phase, flowering, and the onset of senescence). Metabarcoding using ITS and 16S amplicon sequencing revealed no significant overall effect of P. oligandrum application on the bacterial and fungal rhizosphere communities. However, some genera were significantly differentially abundant after P. oligandrum application, including some classified as plant-beneficial microbes. We conclude that P. oligandrum has a cultivar-dependent growth-promoting effect in potato and only minor effects on the rhizosphere microbiome.
|
|
| 10. |
- Andersén, Mikael, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
“It’s about how you take in things with your brain” - young people’s perspectives on mental health and help seeking : an interview study
- 2024
-
Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2458. ; 24:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Poor mental health in young people has become a growing problem globally over the past decades. However, young people have also been shown to underutilize available healthcare resources. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has formulated guidelines for youth-friendly health services (YFHSs) to increase youth participation in healthcare. Still, little is known about how young people using these services perceive mental health, indicating a knowledge gap concerning the subjective evaluation of their mental health.Aim: To investigate how young people visiting youth health clinics (YHC) perceive the concept of mental health and factors they view as central to maintaining mental health.Methods: In total 21 interviews were carried out, 16 in 2018, and 5 in 2023 to assure no changes in findings after the COVID-19 pandemic. Subjects were recruited during visits to youth health clinics (YHCs) in mid-Sweden and were aged 15–23 years. Recruitment strived to achieve heterogeneity in the sample concerning gender, sexual orientation, gender identity and age. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis.Findings: Findings of the analysis revealed two themes, “Mental health is helped and hindered by the surroundings” and “Mental health is difficult to understand and difficult to achieve”. The participants described their health as highly dependent on their social surroundings, and that these are important to maintaining health but may also affect health negatively. They described mixed experiences of the health care services and mentioned prerequisites for seeking care for mental health problems such as accessibility and respect for their integrity, including the right to turn down offered treatment. The informants also viewed mental health as an ongoing undertaking that one must work for, and that it is sometimes difficult to know what constitutes mental health. They also expressed a need from healthcare services to enquire about their health, and to show an active interest in how they are doing.Conclusions: Findings underline the need of young people’s individual needs to be met in the healthcare system and their vulnerability to their social surroundings. Health status assessments in young people should consider social and individual factors to fully capture mental health.
|
|
