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- Heir, Trond, et al.
(författare)
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Tsunami-affected Scandinavian tourists : Disaster exposure and post-traumatic stress symptoms
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 65:1, s. 9-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Studies of short- and long-term mental effects of natural disasters have reported a high prevalence of post-traumatic stress. Less is known about disaster-exposed tourists repatriated to stable societies. Aims: To examine the association between exposure to the 2004 Southeast Asian tsunami and symptoms of post-traumatic stress in three Scandinavian tourist populations. Methods: Postal survey of Norwegian, Danish and Swedish Southeast Asia tourists registered by the police when arriving at national airports. Follow-up time was 6 (Norway), 10 (Denmark) and 14 months (Sweden) post-disaster; 6772 individuals were included and categorized according to disaster exposure: danger exposed (caught or chased by the waves), non-danger exposed (other disaster-related stressors) and non-exposed. Outcome measures were the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Check List (PCL). Results: Danger exposed reported more post-traumatic stress than non-danger exposed, and the latter reported more symptoms than non-exposed (each P<0.001). Comparison of the Norwegian and Swedish data suggested that symptoms were attenuated at 14 months follow-up (P<0.001). Female gender and low education, but not age, predicted higher levels of symptoms. Conclusions: Disaster-exposed tourists repatriated to unaffected home environments show long-term post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms related to the severity of exposure.
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- Oláh, János, et al.
(författare)
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Lineage sorting by parameres in Limnephilinae subfamily (Trichoptera): with description of a new tribe, new genera and new species
- 2019
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Ingår i: Opuscula Zoologica Instituti Zoosystematici et Oecologici Universitatis Budapestinensis. - 0237-5419 .- 2063-1588. ; 50:S1, s. 3-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The discovery of the new Agaphylax genus with unique paramere organisation has initiated our lineage sorting oftribes by parameres in the Limnephilinae subfamily applying the principles and procedures of fine phenomics in order toestablish transformation series of the polarized plesiomorphy-apomorphy character states for each limnephiline genera.According to the extraordinary high diversity the paramere that is the stimulatory and titillating structure of the phallic organis a speciation supertrait. This adaptive trait is directly involved in the processes of reproductive isolation and diverging assubtle initial split of lineages producing the incipient sibling species in the recent past of contemporary speciation processes.Contrary, the drastic divergence of the Agaphylax plated paramere is much older, similarly to the many-spined parameres ofthe Hesperophylacini tribe. It has been initiated by drastic combined and synchronous external and internal stochastic effects,processed in ancestral sexual integrative adaptation as well as organised and fixed in older and deeper coalescence events andappears as a character with tribe ranking potential. To open a wider perspective, a systemic relational analysis is required inthe future including other adaptive or neutral character transformation series, due to the burden of taxonomic incongruencesgrounded by chimerism in stochastic genetic reticulation. Traits of species are mixed products coming from various sources.Only character combinations can and ought to be analysed in terms how to classify taxa. We have polarized eight genitaliccharacters additional to parameres for a future analysis of the potential of character combinations.Limnephilinae subfamily is composed of Limnephilini, Chilostigmatini, Chaetopterygini, Stenophylacini and Hesperophylacinitribes and here we established the new Agaphylacini tribe. Based on parameres we have delineated taxa in lineagesorting and described two new genera: Fogophylax gen. nov., Simaphylax gen. nov. and fourteen new species: Anaboliaalsoja, A. hepehupa, Asynarchus kimaros, Limnephilus kerekes, L. maghrebensis, L. oblos, Homophylax beges, H. coros,Chaetopteroides plackovicensis, C. rilaensis, Allogamus ketpar, Platyphylax beshkovi, Pycnopsyche letova and P. telea spp.nov. The by-product of this survey is a world atlas of paramere drawings for the entire Limnephilinae subfamily.
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- Oláh, János, et al.
(författare)
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Revision of European Wormaldia species (Trichoptera, Philopotamidae):Chimeric taxa of integrative organisation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Opuscula Zoologica Instituti Zoosystematici et Oecologici Universitatis Budapestinensis. - : Opuscula Zoologica. - 0237-5419 .- 2063-1588. ; 50:1, s. 31-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have recognised significant incongruences among the most commonly used taxonomic characters in theEuropean species of Wormaldia genus of the Philopotamidae caddisfly family. During taxonomical analysis and rankingprocedures we have recorded incongruent, discorcordant characters also in the taxa in Rhyacophilidae, Hydropsychidae andLimnephilidae caddisfly families. Based on theoretical background we concluded that taxa of examined caddisflies andprobably all living creatures are chimeric entities composed of components of different origin. Genomes and phenomes aretree-like on the surface but more reticulated in the deep. We understand chimerism with universal consequences, expandingwell beyond the evolutionary tree-thinking of reductionism and determinism. Taxa are chimeric or at least chimerical in astochastic universe under the permanent fluxes of the external and internal impacts created by intercourses between entropyand energy gradients. We have surveyed how to create and correct synonymies in the splitter/lumper perspectives along theprinciples of compositional and specification hierarchies understood as quantitative variability of non-adaptive neutral andqualitative stability of adaptive, non-neutral traits. We outlined how the apophantic (declaratory) hybris creates synonymiesand underestimates biodiversity. After redrawing the diverging genitalic structures, particularly the speciation traits we havereinstated species status of eight taxa: W. trifida Andersen, 1983 stat.restit, stat. nov., W. albanica Oláh, 2010 stat. restit., W.bulgarica Novak, 1971 stat. nov., W. daga Oláh, 2014 stat. restit., W. graeca Oláh, 2014 stat. restit., W. busa Oláh, 2014 stat.restit., W. homora Oláh, 2014 stat. restit. W. nielseni Moretti, 1981 stat. nov. Character selection and lineage sortingprocedures established the following species groups, species complexes and species clades in the European species ofWormaldia: W. occipitalis species group: W. occipitalis species complex; W. charalambi species group; W. copiosa speciesgroup; W. triangulifera species group: W. bulgarica species complex, W. khourmai species complex, W. subnigra speciescomplex: W. asterusia species clade, W. subnigra species clade, W. vercorsica species clade; W. triangulifera speciescomplex, W. variegate species complex. Unplaced species: W. ambigua, W. algirica, W. sarda. In this revision we havedescribed fourteen new species: W. longiseta, W. carpathica, W. kurta, W. parba, W. foslana, W. kumanskii, W. libohova, W.silva, W. gorba, W. kera, W. rona, W. sima, W. granada, W. telva.
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- Oláh, János, et al.
(författare)
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Revision of the European Rhyacophila fasciata species complex by fine phenomics of the paramere (Trichoptera, Rhyacophilidae)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Opuscula Zoologica Instituti Zoosystematici et Oecologici Universitatis Budapestinensis. - 0237-5419 .- 2063-1588. ; 51:1, s. 21-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The poorly known, so called widely distributed and highly varying species of the European Rhyacophila fasciata species complex are revised by fine phenomics of the paramere organisation. In this species complex paramere is the most diverse organ. It is the speciation trait integrating the initial split of speciation by its stimulatory and titillating function involved in the early processes of reproductive isolation. Based on paramere organisation and on the character state of distribution three lineages have been delineated in the Rhyacophila fasciata species complex: the European R. fasciata lineage, the Caucasian R. aliena lineage and the R. mysica lineage distributed from Albania to Pakistan. In the R. fasciata lineage we have distinguished three clades of species: R. fasciata with five species, R. matrensis with seven species, and R. denticulata with seven species. We have re-diagnosed three known species: R. fasciata Hagen, 1859, R. denticulataMcLachlan, 1879, R. sociata Navas, 1916 and described 15 species new to science: R. biharensis Oláh sp. nov., R. bulgarica Oláh sp. nov., R. coppai Oláh sp. nov., R. csornahorensis Oláh & Szczęsny sp. nov., R. ferda Oláh sp. nov., R. kopasa Oláh & Coppa sp. nov., R. matrensis Oláh, & Szczęsny sp. nov., R. retezatensis Oláh sp. nov., R. rova Oláh & Coppa sp. nov. R. ruda Oláh & Johanson sp. nov., R. salfa Oláh sp. nov., R. soreda Coppa & Oláh sp. nov. R. suna Oláh sp. nov., R. tuhega Oláh sp. nov., R. zemplenensis Oláh sp. nov. The species status of Rhyacophila gemella Navas, 1923 was reinstated.
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