| 1. |
- Andersson, Susann, 1965, et al.
(författare)
-
Vision in children with hydrocephalus.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Developmental medicine and child neurology. - 0012-1622. ; 48:10, s. 836-41
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hydrocephalus in children has many aetiologies, and can cause multiple ophthalmic and visual disorders. This study sets out to detect and quantify visual and visuoperceptual dysfunction in children who have received surgical treatment for hydrocephalus with and without myelomeningocele, and to relate the results to the associated diagnoses and results from a comparison group. Seventy-five school-aged children (41 males, 34 females) with surgically-treated hydrocephalus and 140 comparison children (76 males, 64 females) matched for age and sex underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examination. Median age at examination was 9 years and 4 months (range 7 y 4 mo-12 y 10 mo). Visual function deficits were identified in 83% (62/75) of the children with hydrocephalus. Visual impairment (binocular visual acuity <0.3) was found in 15% (11/73; comparison group 0%) but in none with myelomeningocele. Strabismus was found in 69% (51/74; comparison group 4% [5/140], p < 0.001), and refractive errors were found in 67% (47/70; comparison group 20% [28/140], p < 0.001). Cognitive visual dysfunction was identified in 59% (38/64; comparison group 3% [4/140], p < 0.001). These disorders were identified in various combinations and comprised impaired ability to plan movement through depth (e.g. going down a stair), impaired simultaneous perception, impaired perception of movement, impaired orientation, and (least frequently) impaired recognition. In this study, children with hydrocephalus associated with myelomeningocele were least commonly affected. Visual disorders were most frequent in those with epilepsy, cerebral palsy, and/or cognitive disability.
|
|
| 2. |
- Al-Olama, Mohamed, et al.
(författare)
-
The peptide AF-16 decreases high interstitial fluid pressure in solid tumors.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). - 1651-226X.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Background. The high interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) in solid tumors restricts the access to nutrients, oxygen and drugs. Material and methods. We investigated the ability of the peptide AF-16, involved in water and ion transfer through cell membranes, to lower the IFP in two different solid rat mammary tumors, one chemically induced, slowly growing, and the other transplantable, and rapidly progressing having high cellularity. AF-16 was administered either in the tumor capsule, intranasally or intravenously. The IFP was measured by a miniature fiber optic device. Results. AF-16 significantly lowered the IFP in both the slowly and the rapidly progressing tumors, whether administrated locally or systemically. The AF-16 induced IFP reduction was maximal after 90 min, lasted at least 3 h, and returned to pretreatment levels in less than 24 h. Topical AF-16 transiently reduced the IFP in the DMBA tumors from 17.7 ± 4.2 mmHg to 8.6 ± 2.1 mmHg. Conclusion. We conclude that AF-16 transiently and reversibly lowered the high IFP in solid tumors during a few hours, which might translate into improved therapeutic efficacy.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Andersson, Eva, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
-
Differential effects of UV irradiation on nuclear retinoid receptor levels in cultured keratinocytes and melanocytes
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Experimental dermatology. - : Wiley. - 0906-6705 .- 1600-0625. ; 12:5, s. 563-71
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major risk factor for skin cancer is UV irradiation, which not only damages DNA and other photosensitive compounds like vitamin A, but may also perturb cellular signaling, e.g. via the retinoid receptor system believed to be important for cancer protection. We used cultured normal human keratinocytes and melanocytes to examine the effects of UV irradiation on the expression of the predominant retinoid receptors in the human skin (RARalpha, RARgamma and RXRalpha) and the AP-1 protein c-Jun; mRNA levels were studied by real-time PCR and protein levels by Western blot. In keratinocytes, a single dose of UVB (50 mJ/cm2) caused a rapid drop in the expression of all three receptors (mRNA levels minus 35-50% after 4 h; protein levels minus 20-45% after 8 h), which was followed over the next 40 h by a variable response, leading to full normalization for RARalpha only. In contrast, the levels of c-Jun did not change significantly after UV exposure. In melanocytes, UVB caused a similar drop of the retinoid receptor levels as in keratinocytes but this was soon followed by an increased expression leading to a complete normalization of all receptor levels within 1-3 days. The c-Jun levels in melanocytes increased 1 day after UV exposure and remained high (plus 50%) thereafter. In both cell types, a approximately 3-fold increase in apoptosis (measured by DNA fragmentation) was observed 8-48 h after UVB irradiation. In conclusion, a depletion of vitamin A and retinoid receptors by UV irradiation, together with unchanged or even increased c-Jun levels, might seriously interfere with retinoid signaling and thus promote future tumor development, especially in keratinocytes.
|
|
| 5. |
- Andersson, Eva, 1946-
(författare)
-
Studies on cellular vitamin A metabolism and effects of UV irridation in human keratinocytes and melanocytes
- 1998
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Reinoids (vitamin A and its derivatives) are modulators of proliferation and differentiation in a variety of cell types, including epidermal cells. Both retinol (ROH) and its metabolite 3,4-didehydroretinol (ddROH) can be converted to the acid form retinoic acid (RA) and 3,4-didehydroretinoic acid (ddRA), ligands for the nuclear receptors inducing gene transcriptions. Using high-performance liquid chromatography we have investigated the endogenous ROH and ddROH concentrations and the metabolism of [3H]ROH in cultures of keratinocytes, melanocytes, Hela cells, melanoma cell and two cell lines of non human origin (CV-1 and F9). Cellular retinoid-binding proteins (CRABP I, CRABP II) were also determined by radioligand binding technique and RT-PCR.Keratinocytes and melanocytes contained high concentrations of ROH and ddROH, Hela- and melanoma cells contained intermediate amounts of retinoids, while in the cell of non human origin only ROH was detected. Analysis of CRABP Il showed a correlation to the cells' ability to accumulate ddROH, suggesting a role for this protein in the 3,4-didehydro metabolic pathway. In melanocytes CRABP I was highly expressed and in melanoma cells CRABP Il dominated. CV-1 and F9 contained low levels of CRABP Il.Incubation with [3H]ROH for 1-24 hours resulted in a rapid appearance of [3H]ddROH in keratinocytes and toa lesser extent in Hela cells, melanocytes and melanoma cells. At the end of the incubation the amount of [3H]ddROH corresponded to 30% of the total cellular radioactivity in the Hela cells, 10% in the keratinocytes, 4% in melanocytes and only 1 % in the melanoma cells. The cell types of non human origin did not produce [3H]ddROH from [3H]ROH. These findings support the concept that ddROH production is cell and tissue specific.Another purpose of this study was to examine the influence of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on cellular metabolism of retinoids. A physiological dose of UVR reduced the concentration of ROH, ddROH and [3H]RA in cell cultures by 20-50%. The concentration retumed to control levels in about 1-2 days. The uptake of [3H]ROH which was almost 3-fold higher in melanocytes than in keratinocytes, did not much differ between irradiated and control cells. Also, the formation of [3H]ddROH from [3H]ROH was unaffected by UVR. However, the accumulation of the metabolite all-trans [3H]RA was 60% higher in irradiated than unirradiated keratinocytes and melanocytes. Our data indicate that restoration of cellular vitamin A after UVR is mainly accomplished by a retarded metabolism of RA to less active compounds and indicate that the homeostatic control of RA production isa priority after UVR. Failure of this control may be an important factor in UV-induced carcinogenesis in vivo.
|
|
| 6. |
- Andersson, Eva, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
-
Ultraviolet irradiation depletes cellular retinol and alters the metabolism of retinoic acid in cultured human keratinocytes and melanocytes
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Melanoma research. - 0960-8931 .- 1473-5636. ; 9:4, s. 339-346
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vitamin A is an intrinsic modulator of proliferation and differentiation in human epidermis, and may be destroyed by ultraviolet radiation (UVR) impinging on the skin. To identify the deleterious effects of a perturbed cellular vitamin A status, we investigated the endogenous retinoid concentrations and the metabolism of [3H]retinol and all-trans [3H]retinoic acid in cultured human keratinocytes and melanocytes exposed to UVR, using high performance liquid chromatography. Before UVR the retinoid content was similar in keratinocytes and melanocytes, but the uptake of [3H]retinol was three-fold higher and the uptake of [3H]retinoic acid was 10-fold higher in the melanocytes. In both cell types, UVR (UVA 360 mJ/cm2 plus UVB 140 mJ/cm2) instantaneously reduced the concentration of retinol by about 50% and that of 3,4-didehydroretinol by about 20%. The retinoid concentrations returned to normal within 1-2 days post-irradiation, despite there being no overt increase in the uptake of [3H]retinol or the biosynthesis of 3,4-didehydroretinol. However, in both types of irradiated cells, the accumulation of the biologically most active metabolite, all-trans [3H]retinoic acid, was about 60% higher than in control cells. Furthermore, the metabolism of authentically supplied [3H]retinoic acid was reduced, especially in irradiated keratinocytes, which probably contributed to the restoration of retinoid levels after UV exposure.
|
|
| 7. |
- Andersson, Eva, 1946-
(författare)
-
Vitamin A and ß-carotene metabolism and effects of UV irradiation in human keratinocytes and melanocytes
- 2002
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Retinoids (vitamin A and its derivatives) are modulators of proliferation and differentiation. Both retinol (ROH) and its metabolite 3,4-didehydroretinol (ddROH) can be converted to retinoic acid (RA) and 3,4-didehydroretinoic acid (ddRA), ligands for the nuclear receptors, which induce gene transcriptions. A perturbed ROH metabolism is observed in several dermatoses and iu non-melanoma skin cancer. Dietary ß-carotene has been considered to play a critical role in the natural defence against cancer. Whether ß-carotene is converted to ROH in the skin has been debated.We have investigated ß-carotene and retinoid metabolism, retinoid binding proteins and retinoid receptors in human keratinocytes (KCs) and melanocytes (MCs) in vitro. Similar studies of vitamin A have been done in human malignant epithelial cells (HeLa) and malignant melanoma cells. The influence of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on retinoid metabolism and receptor expression was specially focused upon this thesis. KCs and MCs contained high concentrations of ROH, ddROH, while HeLa- and melanoma cells contained lower levels. KCs contained the highest level of the retinoid-binding proteins CRBP I and CRABP II compared to MCs, HeLa and melanoma cells. High CRABP II levels showed a correlation with the ability to accumulate ddROH. In MCs, CRABP I was highly expressed, but in melanoma cells CRABP II dominated. The difference between MCs and melanoma cells in receptor levels was most pronounced for RARß, which was highly expressed in melanoma cells. Such dissimilarities between benign and malignant MCs might play a role in differentiation and growth regulation. The uptake of [3H]ROH, [3H]RA and ß-carotene was significantly higher in MCs than in KCs. We were able to demonstrate that [14C]ß-carotene was converted to [14C]ROH in both these cell types. This suggests that this local storage of ß-carotene might serve as au alternative supply for vitamin A in the skin.A moderate dose of UVR reduced the concentration of ROH, ddROH and [3H]RA in KCs and MCs by 20-50%. The concentration returned to starting levels in 1-2 days, and could be explained by a retarded metabolism of RA, the biologically most active metabolite. When KCs and MCs were exposed to UVR, the mRNA and protein levels of the three nuclear retinoid receptors (RARα, RARγ and RXRα) decreased rapidly. In MCs these levels were close to normal 3 days postirradiation. In KCs only the RARα mRNA and protein levels returned to baseline within 3 days. This thesis has increased our knowledge of the effects of UVR on retinoid metabolism and retinoid receptors in human cells. Further studies are needed to understand the role of ß-carotene and retinoid signaling in UV induced skin cancer.
|
|
| 8. |
- Andersson, Gunnel, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
-
Accepting and adjusting : Older women's experiences of living with urinary incontinence
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Urologic Nursing. - 1053-816X. ; 28:2, s. 115-121
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In-depth interviews were performed with 11 Swedish women who contacted a district nurse to obtain sanitary protection. Three key constituents (themes) emerged: "learning to live with it despite difficulties," "other illnesses are more important," and "reluctance to seek care." The essence of the phenomenon of living with urinary incontinence (Ul) was expressed as "a situation to accept and adjust to."
|
|
| 9. |
- Andersson, Gunnel, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
-
Perceptions of urinary incontinence among syrian Christian women living in Sweden
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Transcultural Nursing. - : SAGE Publications. - 1043-6596 .- 1552-7832. ; 20:3, s. 296-303
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to describe the perception of urinary incontinence (UI) among Syrian women living in Sweden. DESIGN: A qualitative, descriptive design with focus group discussions (FGDs) was used and analyzed with content analysis. Fourteen Syrian women were interviewed in three FGDs. FINDINGS: Three categories emerged, "Thoughts on UI," "Managing UI," and "Communication With the Health Care System." Among the interviewees, UI was a common, and expected, problem, which could be managed. However, some expressed shame and embarrassment. Some talked about communication problems with health care. DISCUSSION: and Implications for Practice: The health care system should be adjusted to the women's needs, with awareness of the communication difficulties, which could result in misunderstanding and neglected treatments.
|
|
| 10. |
- Andersson, Gunnel, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
-
Urinary incontinence - why refraining from treatment? : a population based study
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 39:4, s. 301-307
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate why persons with urinary incontinence (UI) refrain from seeking care and treatment.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A population-based study was undertaken in which a public health survey and a specific UI questionnaire were sent to 15 360 randomly selected residents (age 18-79 years) of Orebro County, Sweden. For all persons reporting UI, the expressed wish for treatment or no treatment was analyzed in relation to relevant variables from both inquiry forms using binary logistic regression analysis.RESULTS: The response rate was 64.5%. UI was reported by 2194 persons, 1724 of whom comprised the study population. A statistically significant association was found between the degree of UI and a desire for treatment. Persons who did not experience daily leakage and those who did not perceive the leakage as troublesome or having an affect on their daily life mostly stated that they did not desire treatment. Socioeconomic or other health-related factors were not associated with desiring or not desiring treatment for UI.CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that it is the perceived severity of UI that determines whether afflicted persons desire treatment or not. Other factors, relating to seeking healthcare in general, were not found to be of importance. Interventions to identify those in need of treatment for UI should primarily be directed towards those with severe symptoms.
|
|
