| 1. |
- Adiels, Martin, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Role of apolipoprotein C-III overproduction in diabetic dyslipidaemia
- 2019
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Ingår i: Diabetes, obesity and metabolism. - : Wiley. - 1462-8902 .- 1463-1326. ; 21:8, s. 1861-1870
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- - Aims: To investigate how apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) metabolism is altered in subjects with type 2 diabetes, whether the perturbed plasma triglyceride concentrations in this condition are determined primarily by the secretion rate or the removal rate of apoC-III, and whether improvement of glycaemic control using the glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue liraglutide for 16 weeks modifies apoC-III dynamics. Materials and Methods: Postprandial apoC-III kinetics were assessed after a bolus injection of [5,5,5- 2 H 3 ]leucine using ultrasensitive mass spectrometry techniques. We compared apoC-III kinetics in two situations: in subjects with type 2 diabetes before and after liraglutide therapy, and in type 2 diabetic subjects with matched body mass index (BMI) non-diabetic subjects. Liver fat content, subcutaneous abdominal and intra-abdominal fat were determined using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results: Improved glycaemic control by liraglutide therapy for 16 weeks significantly reduced apoC-III secretion rate (561 ± 198 vs. 652 ± 196 mg/d, P = 0.03) and apoC-III levels (10.0 ± 3.8 vs. 11.7 ± 4.3 mg/dL, P = 0.035) in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Change in apoC-III secretion rate was significantly associated with the improvement in indices of glucose control (r = 0.67; P = 0.009) and change in triglyceride area under the curve (r = 0.59; P = 0.025). In line with this, the apoC-III secretion rate was higher in subjects with type 2 diabetes compared with BMI-matched non-diabetic subjects (676 ± 208 vs. 505 ± 174 mg/d, P = 0.042). Conclusions: The results reveal that the secretion rate of apoC-III is associated with elevation of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in subjects with type 2 diabetes, potentially through the influence of glucose homeostasis on the production of apoC-III. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
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| 2. |
- Björnson, Elias, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Apolipoprotein B48 metabolism in chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins and its role in triglyceride transport in normo- and hypertriglyceridemic human subjects
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 288:4, s. 422-438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Renewed interest in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins as causative agents in cardiovascular disease mandates further exploration of the integrated metabolism of chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). Methods Novel tracer techniques and an integrated multi-compartmental model were used to determine the kinetics of apoB48- and apoB100-containing particles in the chylomicron and VLDL density intervals in 15 subjects with a wide range of plasma triglyceride levels. Results Following a fat-rich meal, apoB48 appeared in the chylomicron, VLDL1 and VLDL2 fractions in all subjects. Chylomicrons cleared rapidly from the circulation but apoB48-containing VLDL accumulated, and over the day were 3-fold higher in those with high versus low plasma triglyceride. ApoB48-containing particles were secreted directly into both the chylomicron and VLDL fractions at rates that were similar across the plasma triglyceride range studied. During fat absorption, whilst most triglyceride entered the circulation in chylomicrons, the majority of apoB48 particles were secreted into the VLDL density range. Conclusion The intestine secretes apoB48-containing particles not only as chylomicrons but also directly into the VLDL1 and VLDL2 density ranges both in the basal state and during dietary lipid absorption. Over the day, apoB48-containing particles appear to comprise about 20-25% of circulating VLDL and, especially in those with elevated triglycerides, form part of a slowly cleared 'remnant' particle population, thereby potentially increasing CHD risk. These findings provide a metabolic understanding of the potential consequences for increased CHD risk when slowed lipolysis leads to the accumulation of remnants, especially in individuals with hypertriglyceridemia.
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| 3. |
- Björnson, Elias, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of human apoB48 metabolism using a new, integrated non-steady-state model of apoB48 and apoB100 kinetics
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 285:5, s. 562-577
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundTriglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants have emerged as major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. New experimental approaches are required that permit simultaneous investigation of the dynamics of chylomicrons (CM) and apoB48 metabolism and of apoB100 in very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). MethodsMass spectrometric techniques were used to determine the masses and tracer enrichments of apoB48 in the CM, VLDL1 and VLDL2 density intervals. An integrated non-steady-state multicompartmental model was constructed to describe the metabolism of apoB48- and apoB100-containing lipoproteins following a fat-rich meal, as well as during prolonged fasting. ResultsThe kinetic model described the metabolism of apoB48 in CM, VLDL1 and VLDL2. It predicted a low level of basal apoB48 secretion and, during fat absorption, an increment in apoB48 release into not only CM but also directly into VLDL1 and VLDL2. ApoB48 particles with a long residence time were present in VLDL, and in subjects with high plasma triglycerides, these lipoproteins contributed to apoB48 measured during fasting conditions. Basal apoB48 secretion was about 50mgday(-1), and the increment during absorption was about 230mgday(-1). The fractional catabolic rates for apoB48 in VLDL1 and VLDL2 were substantially lower than for apoB48 in CM. DiscussionThis novel non-steady-state model integrates the metabolic properties of both apoB100 and apoB48 and the kinetics of triglyceride. The model is physiologically relevant and provides insight not only into apoB48 release in the basal and postabsorptive states but also into the contribution of the intestine to VLDL pool size and kinetics.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Haglund, Jesper, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Practical exercises in university mechanics
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the present study, four practical exercises were introduced in a university-level mechanics course, in order to provide students with shared, personal, embodied experiences of physical phenomena in relation to the taught content. The practical exercises were performed during 10-15 minutes with subsequent discussion in random groups of 3-4 students during recitation sessions. Two of the exercises involved physically experiencing the reduced force of raising a 5 kg weight with a rope and a system of pulleys compared to with a rope alone, and finding the centre of mass of an object by holding under the object with ones hands and moving the hands toward one another. Video analysis of selected episodes of students’ interaction with the exercises reveals how they coordinated gestures and spoken language in expressing their conceptual understanding of the phenomena. In a subsequent group interview, participant physics teacher students expressed that the exercises were useful for feeling physically what they had previously only calculated. Apart from grounding conceptual understanding in physical experiences, the course evaluation shows that participation in random small groups led to increased communication among students that did not know each other before, thereby contributing to the development of a learning community.
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| 6. |
- Taskinen, Marja-Riitta, et al.
(författare)
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Contribution of intestinal triglyceride-rich lipoproteins to residual atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes on statin therapy
- 2023
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Ingår i: DIABETOLOGIA. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 66:12, s. 2307-2319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis: This study explored the hypothesis that significant abnormalities in the metabolism of intestinally derived lipoproteins are present in individuals with type 2 diabetes on statin therapy. These abnormalities may contribute to residual CVD risk.Methods: To investigate the kinetics of ApoB-48- and ApoB-100-containing lipoproteins, we performed a secondary analysis of 11 overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes who were treated with lifestyle counselling and on a stable dose of metformin who were from an earlier clinical study, and compared these with 11 control participants frequency-matched for age, BMI and sex. Participants in both groups were on a similar statin regimen during the study. Stable isotope tracers were used to determine the kinetics of the following in response to a standard fat-rich meal: (1) apolipoprotein (Apo)B-48 in chylomicrons and VLDL; (2) ApoB-100 in VLDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) and LDL; and (3) triglyceride (TG) in VLDL.Results: The fasting lipid profile did not differ significantly between the two groups. Compared with control participants, in individuals with type 2 diabetes, chylomicron TG and ApoB-48 levels exhibited an approximately twofold higher response to the fat-rich meal, and a twofold higher increment was observed in ApoB-48 particles in the VLDL1 and VLDL2 density ranges (all p < 0.05). Again comparing control participants with individuals with type 2 diabetes, in the latter, total ApoB-48 production was 25% higher (556 +/- 57 vs 446 +/- 57 mg/day; p < 0.001), conversion (fractional transfer rate) of chylomicrons to VLDL was around 40% lower (35 +/- 25 vs 82 +/- 58 pools/day; p=0.034) and direct clearance of chylomicrons was 5.6-fold higher (5.6 +/- 2.2 vs 1.0 +/- 1.8 pools/day; p < 0.001). During the postprandial period, ApoB-48 particles accounted for a higher proportion of total VLDL in individuals with type 2 diabetes (44%) compared with control participants (25%), and these ApoB-48 VLDL particles exhibited a fivefold longer residence time in the circulation (p < 0.01). No between-group differences were seen in the kinetics of ApoB-100 and TG in VLDL, or in LDL ApoB-100 production, pool size and clearance rate. As compared with control participants, the IDL ApoB-100 pool in individuals with type 2 diabetes was higher due to increased conversion from VLDL2.Conclusions/interpretation: Abnormalities in the metabolism of intestinally derived ApoB-48-containing lipoproteins in individuals with type 2 diabetes on statins may help to explain the residual risk of CVD and may be suitable targets for interventions.
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| 7. |
- Taskinen, M. R., et al.
(författare)
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Role of endogenous incretins in the regulation of postprandial lipoprotein metabolism
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Endocrinology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0804-4643 .- 1479-683X. ; 187:1, s. 75-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Incretins are known to influence lipid metabolism in the intestine when administered as pharmacologic agents. The aggregate influence of endogenous incretins on chylomicron production and clearance is less clear, particularly in light of opposing effects of co-secreted hormones. Here, we tested the hypothesis that physiological levels of incretins may impact on production or clearances rates of chylomicrons and VLDL. Design and methods: A group of 22 overweight/obese men was studied to determine associations between plasma levels of glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2 (GLP-1 and GLP-2) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) after a fat-rich meal and the production and clearance rates of apoB48- and apoB100-containing triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Subjects were stratified by above- and below-median incretin response (area under the curve). Results: Stratification yielded subgroups that differed about two-fold in incretin response. There were neither differences in apoB48 production rates in chylomicrons or VLDL fractions nor in apoB100 or triglyceride kinetics in VLDL between men with above- vs below-median incretin responses. The men with above-median GLP-1 and GLP-2 responses exhibited higher postprandial plasma and chylomicron triglyceride levels, but this could not be related to altered kinetic parameters. No differences were found between incretin response subgroups and particle clearance rates. Conclusion: We found no evidence for a regulatory effect of endogenous incretins on contemporaneous chylomicron or VLDL metabolism following a standardised fat-rich meal. The actions of incretins at pharmacological doses may not be reflected at physiological levels of these hormones.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Kartläggning av ägarskiften i företag : Utveckling och dokumentation av dataunderlag
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Myndigheten för tillväxtpolitiska utvärderingar och analyser, Tillväxtanalys, har haft i uppdrag av regeringen att genomföra kartläggning och analys av ägarskiften i företag. Uppdraget omfattade även att göra jämförelser mellan generationsskiften och andra typer av ägarskiften som inte är åldersbaserade samt belysa möjligheten att följa upp företagens skifte och dynamik över tid. Tillväxtanalys lämnade i oktober 2013 en delrapportering av uppdraget som avser dels en kartläggning av åldersstrukturen i företagsstocken, dels en fördjupad analys av ägarskiften. Denna rapport är en redovisning av uppdragets sista del som innebär utveckling och dokumentation av dataunderlag för identifiering av ägarförändringar.SCB har på uppdrag av Tillväxtanalys undersökt möjligheten att bättre identifiera ägarskiften genom att integrera och göra en matchningskontroll av kompletterande uppgifter gällande delägare i fåmansaktiebolag som kan hämtas från Skatteverket, SKV, med redan befintlig information om företagsdynamik, vilken finns i Företagens och arbetsställenas dynamik, FAD, och den registerbaserade arbetsmarknadsstatisken, RAMS, på SCB. För att göra detta studeras företagens ägarskiften mellan åren 2010 och 2011. Uppdraget omfattar även att beskriva FAD gällande syfte, metodik och innehåll.Cirka 80 procent av samtliga företag oberoende av bolagsform överlevde mellan åren 2010 och 2011. Resterande företag har på något sätt förändrats. Företag läggs ned och andra startar som en del i strukturomvandlingen. Dessutom ser vi att många företag och arbetsställen byter ägare. Näringslivet visar på en stor dynamik och dynamiken omfattar många olika typer av förändringar.Bearbetningarna visar att det med hjälp av RAMS och SKV:s register går att följa och framställa uppgifter om ägarförändringar på ett bra sätt. Detta gäller både för fåmansaktiebolag, där det går att följa individuellt ägande, och för övriga juridiska former där förändringar i organisationsnummer kan spåras, vilket indikerar ändrade ägarförhållanden. Analysen visar att SKV:s register är ett bra komplement till RAMS och FAD och tillför ytterligare information. Samkörningen av dessa registerdata ger mer information än vad som kan fås ut av respektive registerkällor separat. Det går dessutom att koppla på annan information om anställda, omsättning och olika mått på lönsamhet från andra register.Tillväxtanalys rekommenderar därför att SCB får tillgång till register gällande ägarandelar från Skatteverket under en längre tidsperiod än enbart de undersökta åren. Detta för att kunna sammanställa en databas som möjliggör bättre och mer precisa analyser av olika dimensioner av näringslivsdynamik och ägarförändringar. Det vore dessutom önskvärt att denna databas görs tillgänglig för forskning och studier som ökar kunskapen om olika dimensioner av näringslivets strukturomvandling.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Jan, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Lärarstudenter konkretiserar energi genom energiteater
- 2019
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Ingår i: Forum för forskningsbaserad NT-undervisning: Bidrag från konferensen FobasNT18 13 – 14 mars 2018 i Norrköping. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9789176850442 ; , s. 23-38
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vid Karlstads universitet har vi sedan hösten 2017 infört energiteater som en aktivitet i fysikkurser på samtliga grund- och ämneslärarutbildningar. Energiteater kan betraktas som en kompletterande undervisnings- och inlärningsform, där studenter förväntas att i mindre grupper tillsammans diskutera och sedan gestalta förekommande energiformer och energiomvandlingar i olika vardagsscenarier. I den här studien har videoinspelningar av en grupps gestaltningar kring två skilda scenarier analyserats i syfte att klargöra på vilket sätt energiteater stimulerar studenternas kommunikation och interaktion. Scenarierna involverarde energiomvandlingar som sker då en studsboll studsar mot marken, respektive de energiomvandlingar som sker i ett snurrande änglaspel. Resultatet visar att energiteater i stor utsträckning stimulerar utforskande samtal mellan studenterna, vilket kan betraktas somen meningsskapande dialog. Aktivitetens karaktär bidrar till att alla deltagare blir aktiva och förtrogna med förekommande energiformer och energiomvandlingar. Planerandet och genomförandet av gestaltningen skapar spontana kvalitativa diskussioner kring flödet av energi mellan olika system, som på ett naturligt sätt motiverar studenterna att vidareutveckla själva gestaltningen. Vi menar att energiteater kan stärka lärarstudenternas egen förståelse av energi, men att den även kan erbjuda en möjlig alternativ undervisningsansats för lärarstudenterna i sin blivande roll som lärare i skolan.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Linda, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Deficiency in perilipin 5 reduces mitochondrial function and membrane depolarization in mouse hearts.
- 2017
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Ingår i: The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-5875 .- 1357-2725. ; 91:Pt A, s. 9-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Myocardial triglycerides stored in lipid droplets are important in regulating the intracellular delivery of fatty acids for energy generation in mitochondria, for membrane biosynthesis, and as agonists for intracellular signaling. Previously, we showed that deficiency in the lipid droplet protein perilipin 5 (Plin5) markedly reduces triglyceride storage in cardiomyocytes and increases the flux of fatty acids into phospholipids. Here, we investigated whether Plin5 deficiency in cardiomyocytes alters mitochondrial function. We found that Plin5 deficiency reduced mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Furthermore, in mitochondria from Plin5((-/)(-)) hearts, the fatty acyl composition of phospholipids in mitochondrial membranes was altered and mitochondrial membrane depolarization was markedly compromised. These findings suggest that mitochondria isolated from hearts deficient in Plin5, have specific functional defects.
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