| 1. |
- Ahmed, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Are homosexuals discriminated against in the hiring process?
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents the first field experiment on sexual orientation discrimination in the hiring process in the Swedish labor market. Job applications were sent to about 4,000 employers in 10 different occupations in Sweden. Gender and sexual orientation were randomly assigned to applications. The results show that sexual orientation discrimination exists in the Swedish labor market. The discrimination against gays and lesbian varies across different occupations and appears only in the private sector. The results also seem to suggest a new dimension of traditional gender roles; the gay applicant was discriminated against in typical male-dominated occupations whereas the lesbian applicant was discriminated against in typical female-dominated occupations. Thus, the results suggest that gays to some extent face the same obstacles on the labor market as heterosexual women.
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| 2. |
- Ahmed, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Are lesbians discriminated against in the rental housing market? Evidence from a correspondence testing experiment
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Housing Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1051-1377 .- 1096-0791. ; 17:3, s. 234-238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a field experiment, conducted over the Internet, studying possible discrimination against lesbians in the rental housing market in Sweden. We let two fictitious couples, one heterosexual and one lesbian, apply for vacant rental apartments advertised by landlords on the Internet. We then investigated whether there were differences between the couples in the number of received call-backs, invitations to further contact, and invitations to immediate showings. Our findings show no indication of differential treatment of lesbians by landlords. A discussion relating to earlier findings is provided.
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| 3. |
- Ahmed, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Can discrimination in the housing market be reduced by increasing the information about the applicants?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Land Economics. - : University of Wisconsin Press. - 0023-7639 .- 1543-8325. ; 86:1, s. 79-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate how increasing the information about applicantsaffects discrimination in the rental housing market. We letfour fictitious applicants, two with typical Arab/Muslim namesand two with typical Swedish names, use application letterscontaining different amounts of information to apply for apartmentsover the Internet in Sweden. The Arab/Muslim applicants receivedfewer responses from the landlords than did the Swedish applicants.All of the applicants gained by providing more information aboutthemselves, but the amount of discrimination against the Arab/Muslimapplicants remained unchanged, indicating that increasing theamount of information about the applicants will not reduce discrimination
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Ahmed, Ali, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Does age matter for employability? A field experiment on ageism in the Swedish labor market
- 2012
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Ingår i: Applied Economics Letters. - : Routledge. - 1350-4851 .- 1466-4291. ; 19:4, s. 403-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents the findings of the first field experiment on age discrimination in the Swedish labour market. Pairs of matched applications, one from a fictitious 31-year-old male applicant and one from a fictitious 46-year-old male applicant, were sent to employers with job openings for restaurant workers and sales assistants. Employers' responses to the applicants were then recorded. The experimental data provide clear and strong evidence of significant ageism in the Swedish labour market. On average, the younger applicant received over 3 times more responses from employers looking to hire a restaurant worker and over 4 times more responses from employers looking to hire a sales assistant than the older applicant. Therefore, the older applicant received significantly fewer invitations for interviews and job offers than the younger applicant in both occupations examined.
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| 6. |
- Ahmed, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Earnings differentials due to sexual orientation : A look at some possible explanations
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Previous research has documented earnings differentials due to sexual orientation. In this paper we take a closer look at such differentials and the explanations for them. By studying yearly earnings as well as full-time monthly earnings, we are able to observe the extent to which the earnings disadvantage that is often observed for homosexual males and the earnings advantage often observed for homosexual females remain when we control for factors such as their number of hours worked. Our results suggest that male homosexuals are also at an earnings disadvantage compared to male heterosexuals after controlling for number of hours worked. This disadvantage is larger at the top than at the bottom of the earnings distribution. However, for females the earnings differential is considerably smaller when we study full-time monthly earnings than when we study yearly earnings. Thus, the results indicate that male homosexuals face obstacles on the labour market that hinder them from reaching top-level positions and high earnings levels; the earnings advantage often observed for homosexual females in previous research is more likely to stem from the fact that female homosexuals devote more time to market labour than heterosexual females do.
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| 7. |
- Ahmed, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Ethnic discrimination in the market place of small business transfers
- 2009
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Ingår i: Economics Bulletin. - 1545-2921. ; 29:4, s. 3050-3058
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the first field experiment regarding ethnic discrimination in the market place of small business transfers. We let two fictitious prospective buyers, one with a typical Swedish name and one with a typical Arab/Muslim name, respond to advertisements of small business transfers on the Internet in Sweden. We then recorded the number contacts achieved by each fictitious buyer with sellers. We found that sellers discriminated against the buyer with an Arab/Muslim name in the sense that the buyer with an Arab/Muslim name obtained fewer contacts with sellers than did the buyer with a Swedish name.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Ahmed, Ali, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Inter- and intra-household earnings differentials among homosexual and heterosexual couples
- 2011
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Ingår i: British Journal of Industrial Relations. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/London School of Economics. - 0007-1080 .- 1467-8543. ; 49:s2, s. s258-s278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present earnings differentials between homosexuals and heterosexuals. In line with previous research, we find that gay males earn less than heterosexual males, and that lesbians earn more than heterosexual females. However, when combining the individuals into households, our results are strikingly different: very small earnings differentials between gay households and heterosexual households are found. Lesbian households earn considerably less. The largest earnings inequalities between spouses are found among gay males followed by heterosexuals. Studying sexual orientation and earnings is complex, and household earnings have to be taken into consideration when conclusions are drawn.
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| 10. |
- Ahmed, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Perceptions of gay, lesbian, and heterosexual domestic violence among undergraduates in Sweden
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents an experimental study of perceptions about gay, lesbian, and heterosexual domestic violence in Sweden. More than 1,000 participants were asked to read one out of eight possible fictitious scenarios of domestic violence in married couple relationships and subsequently respond to a questionnaire. Sexual orientation, victims’ and batterers’ gender, and severity of the violence varied across the different scenarios. The clearest result of this study was that participants perceived domestic violence to be significantly more serious when a man battered his wife than in any other case (i.e., when a woman battered her husband, when a gay man battered his husband, or when a lesbian woman battered her wife). In all types of relationships, participants matched their perceptions of domestic violence to the level of severity of the violence and participants with more negative attitudes toward women perceived domestic violence as less serious. Female participants were more concerned about lesbian domestic violence than male participants. Attitudes toward gays and lesbians mattered little for the perceptions of domestic violence.
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