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| 2. |
- Andersson, Lisa, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Parental information work and wage work capacity in families with children with autism and ADHD
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- 5-7% of all children in Sweden have ADHD and 1% have autism (Gillbergcentrum, Göteborgs universitet, 2022; Socialstyrelsen, 2019). Previous research establishes that parents, primarily mothers, of these children suffer from reduced work capacity and need extended periods of sick leave (Findling et al., 2022). The causes of this reduced wage work capacity are yet to be explored.At the same time, surveys with parents indicate that information management and communication about their children with various societal actors such as the school, the child- and youth psychiatry, and the Social Insurance Agency conflicts with wage work (Riksförbundet Attention, 2016).Our study analyses the impact of parents’ information management and communication about their children with societal actors – called “information work” (Dalmer & Huvila, 2019) – on parents’ wage work capacity. The results are based on 50 semi-structured interviews with Swedish mothers of children with ADHD and autism.The mothers perceived that they had to gather, assess, use and communicate information about their children to and between numerous societal actors. The information work conflicted with their wage work as it was time consuming and often had to be carried out during work hours. It also encompassed emotion work (Hochschild 1979) as it stirred up feelings of for example frustration and sadness that the mothers needed to manage.The extent to which the information work conflicted with the mothers’ wage work depended on the mothers’ professions and the extent to which the mothers could draw on economic, social and cultural capital (Bourdieu 1979).
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| 3. |
- Ersson, Lisa, 1985-
(författare)
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β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA)-induced neurotoxicity : Studies in vitro and in vivo
- 2020
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is a neurotoxic non-proteinogenic amino acid produced naturally by cyanobacteria, diatoms and dinoflagellates and it has been detected in samples from fresh and marine water from all over the world. It can bioaccumulate in fish and shellfish, and has a potential to biomagnify in a terrestrial food chain. BMAA was first discovered in the search for a neurotoxin related to the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/Parkinsonism-dementia complex (ALS/PDC) found among the Chamorro people in Guam. This non-proteinogenic amino acid has also been suggested to contribute to sporadic neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). BMAA can induce neurotoxicity via multiple mechanisms. It can act as an excitotoxin by activating glutamate receptors and to induce oxidative stress. It has also been suggested to be misincorporated into proteins leading to misfolded protein aggregates. Previous studies have demonstrated a specific damage in the hippocampus, including intracellular fibril formation, in adult rats following neonatal exposure to BMAA. In this thesis both in vitro and in vivo models were used to characterize the uptake, transport and effects of BMAA in cultured cell lines and in neonatal rodent brain tissue. The uptake of radiolabeled BMAA, as well as the effects of various amino acids and transporter antagonists on the uptake were studied in human mammary epithelial cells, intestinal epithelial cells, glioblastoma and neuroblastoma cells. Based on the obtained results a potential human mother-to-infant transfer of BMAA was suggested. BMAA-induced metabolic changes in a differentiated human neuroblastoma cell line were also characterized. The results revealed a plentitude of altered metabolites, many of them involved in amino acid metabolism and the TCA cycle. Of special interest were the perturbations in alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism as this pathway is involved in neurotransmission. The results revealed that BMAA can interfere with fundamental metabolic and neurotransmission pathways. Finally, the levels of free and protein-associated BMAA in the brain and peripheral tissues in neonatal rats exposed to BMAA were analysed. The results revealed high levels of free BMAA in some brain regions, thus demonstrating that the neonatal brain is not protected from BMAA by the blood-brain barrier. The results also revealed a protein-association of BMAA in the neonatal hypothalamus and hippocampus. Although the total amount of BMAA in the hippocampus was not high compared to other brain regions, the percentage of protein-associated BMAA was significantly higher. The results suggest that the protein-association of BMAA may play a role in the long-term effects in the hippocampus following neonatal exposure to BMAA. The studies in this thesis have demonstrated 1) a potential transfer of BMAA via breast milk to the brain of the nursing infant, 2) BMAA-induced metabolic alterations related to neurotransmission in human neuroblastoma cells and 3) that both free and protein-associated BMAA can be detected in the neonatal rat brain.
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| 4. |
- Hedström, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Within-Bolus Variability of the Penetration-Aspiration Scale Across Two Subsequent Swallows in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer
- 2017
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Ingår i: Dysphagia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0179-051X .- 1432-0460. ; 32:5, s. 683-690
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To compare two consecutive swallowing attempts to study if there is a difference in Rosenbek's penetration-aspiration scale (PAS) scores between the first and second swallowing attempt of the same bolus type in videofluoroscopic examination of swallowing (VFS). Additional aims include reflecting on which bolus sizes and consistencies are the most relevant to include in further studies for head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. The VFS for 38 patients curatively treated for HNC was studied. All included patients showed swallowing difficulties (PAS >= 2). The examination protocol included two swallows each of six different boluses: 3, 5, 10, 20 ml thin, 5 ml mildly thick, and 3 ml of extremely thick liquid. All boluses were compared between the first and second swallowing attempt with regard to PAS scores. No statistically significant differences in PAS were found between the first and second swallow for any of the boluses in this study on group level. For 20 ml thin and 3 ml extremely thick liquid, there were low Intra-Class Correlations, indicating a low within-bolus agreement. The greatest within-bolus differences were found for 20 ml thin, 5 ml mildly thick and 3 ml extremely thick liquid, which demonstrated high intra-individual coefficient of variation (0.458-0.759). The data of this study show a high within-bolus variability of the PAS score between two subsequent swallows for all different consistencies. In order to assess swallowing safety, the highest PAS score for each bolus type is suggested for use in studies of HNC patients.
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| 5. |
- Huvila, Isto, Professor, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Citing methods literature : citations to field manuals as paradata on archaeological fieldwork
- 2022
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Ingår i: Information research. - : Högskolan i Borås. - 1368-1613. ; 27:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: This article investigates how researchers cite methods literature, and to what extent and how these citations could function as a form of paradata i.e., descriptive data on research processes.Method: Citations to two prominent field manuals were retrieved using Scopus; full-texts were obtained for analysis.Analysis: Descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis were used.Results: Field manuals are cited both for compliance and contrast to clarify procedures and actions, understanding of what is considered conventional and extra-ordinary, to elucidate work processes in broader terms, and to explain concepts and what is common disciplinary knowledge. Even if literature use seems indicative of work procedures, a citation to a method cannot necessarily be considered as direct evidence of what was done in reality.Conclusions: Citations to field manuals can function as a complementary form of paradata to other information on how archaeological work has been conducted. However, rather than forming a standalone corpus of evidence, they can be expected to function best if combined with other indicators. A citation to a specific methods text can be indicative of certain patterns of work or presence of a shared scope of relevance with other works citing the same text.
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| 6. |
- Huvila, Isto, Professor, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Data Papers as Documentation of Research Processes and Practices
- 2023
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Ingår i: IST23 Conference. - : Association for Information Science & Technology.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports preliminary results of an on-going study of data papers, a fairly recently introduced type of journal paper designed for documenting and instigating the publishing of research data sets. The aim of the paper is to provide new knowledge on how research processes and practices are described in a set of archaeological data papers selected for analysis. The findings point to a diversity of strategies of how research processes are documented. Explaining factors include the type of data and research where the dataset is stemming from, cross-disciplinary influences from fields outside of archaeology, and the original purpose of data collection and whether it appears that the data was collected for sharing and publishing. The findings point to several possibilities to develop author guidelines for data papers and insights into why and what some types of datasets appear as easier to document than others.
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| 7. |
- Huvila, Isto, Professor, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Knowing-in-Practice, Its Traces and Ingredients
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Posthumanist Epistemology of Practice Theory. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783031422751 - 9783031422782 - 9783031422768 ; , s. 37-69
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter inquires into how two specific types of epistemic artefacts—traces and ingredients—work together and against each other in conveying understanding of past knowledge-making activities. The discussion draws from an analysis of Swedish and French archaeological investigation reports and from how they, as traces and ingredients, contribute to knowing-in-practice in multiple parallel ways as a part of archaeological practice—literally in practice. Traces and ingredients have different epistemic opportunities and limitations to act as records of the past and goads to action even if many traces can act as ingredients and vice versa albeit with certain limitations that are useful to be aware of. Being aware of how an epistemic artefact works in an epistemic sense—for example as a trace or an ingredient—can help to use them accordingly to what they are capable of, to avoid uses that go against their potential, and to develop better ones.
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| 8. |
- Huvila, Isto, Professor, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Managing Information Gaps and Non‐Information
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2373-9231. ; 60:1, s. 793-798
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While the focus of information science and technology research is in information, sometimes the lack of information, information gaps and non-information can make an equally great or even greater difference. The purpose of this panel is to nuance the understanding of the absence of information and addressing the gap in theorising, investigating and working with information gaps and ‘non-information’ across the information field. Panellists present research conceptualising, documenting, and describing information gaps and non-information and how they are dealt with in the information field specifically addressing: 1) how conceptualisations of information gaps and non-information influence how they emerge as describable entities; 2) what approaches to manage information gaps and non-information exist in information science and technology research; 3) what aspects of information gaps and non-information different approaches address, make visible and invisible; and 4) how novel insights from the current state-of-the-art research can be translated to practice, policies and actions.
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| 9. |
- Laurin, Emma, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Emotion work and emotional labour, neglected facets of parental health information work : Analysing mothers of neurodivergent children
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sociology of Health and Illness. - 0141-9889 .- 1467-9566. ; , s. 1-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The neoliberal and biomedical ‘good caregiver’ discourse neglects the many facets of everyday information work that parents of children with specialneeds are required to do as they seek, receive and shareinformation concerning their children’s health andwellbeing. Along with time and skills, one such neglected facet is emotion work, the management of feelings in relation to societal norms. The purpose of this article is to explore emotion work, as a facet in parental health information work in the care and education sector, among mothers of neurodivergentchildren. Our analysis draws on interviews with 50 Swedish mothers of neurodivergent children. We present three primary insights. 1. Emotion work, on theself as well as on others, is pivotal to the information work that the mothers carry out in the education and care sector as they strive to ameliorate their children’ssituation. 2. Contested diagnoses, such as diagnoses associated with neurodivergent conditions, result in intense parental information and emotion work. 3. Fragmented and complex education and care systems, alongside traditional gender structures, compel mothers to undertake extensive information andemotion work.
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| 10. |
- Liu, Ying-Hsang, et al.
(författare)
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Conceptualizing Data Needs within Contexts of Data Discoverability and Reuse : A Study of Environmental and Social Scientists
- 2023
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Ingår i: IST23 Conference. - : Association for Information Science & Technology.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study contributes to the conference theme of information science processes and practices by examining the research data discovery contexts of ecological and social scientists who reuse datasets for research. The aim of the research was to gain insight into the data discovery contexts of these scientists and to understand the data needs related to data discoverability and reuse. The study identified four dimensions of data needs, including research processes, making sense of data, data reuse, and data access. Additionally, a conceptualization of data needs within the context of data reuse was proposed, which has not been thoroughly examined in previous studies. The study employed a mixed-method approach within the post-positivist research paradigm to identify the different contexts in which data is discovered. A combination of survey and in-depth interview techniques were used to investigate the broader contexts of data discovery in people’s information-seeking processes. The critical incident technique was used to elicit the contexts of data discovery, and the interview protocol was structured based on the stages of a data lifecycle. Interviews were conducted with 24 participants from three organizations, including TERN, ADA, and CSIRO. Participants held diverse job roles and were at different career stages. The study identified four dimensions of data needs and examined their relationship with the roles of data managers and end-users. The findings contribute to the existing literature on data needs and emphasize the potential usefulness of research data and the need for paradata. The study also suggests that anticipating the contexts of data reuse involves considering what data users may find useful. Ensuring data quality is crucial for successful data reuse, which involves having access to organizational data expertise, providing data in various formats and platforms, and ensuring sufficient data coverage. Data needs are influenced by the specific research objectives, which in turn affects the criteria for selecting and reusing data. Clear data licensing conditions are crucial to facilitate data reuse.
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