| 1. |
- Andersson, Malou, 1973-
(författare)
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Grov fridskränkning och grov kvinnofridskränkning : Fridskränkningsbrotten som rättslig konstruktion
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Over the last decades men’s physical and psychological violence against women in intimate relationships (domestic violence) has become a central issue in Swedish politics. Men’s physical and psychological violence against women is generally be understood as including physical, sexual and psychological violence (e.g rape, battery, sexual abuse or insults) that occurs within the family, whether or not the perpetrator shares or has shared the same residence with the woman. Law reforms have been carried through with the objective of enhancing criminal legal protection for women. In 1999, a new law came into force within the framework of chapter 4 of the Penal Code which includes any member of the family with the objective to treat acts that are already criminal from a different perspective if they are committed within a pattern of systematic physical and psychological violence.This doctoral thesis examines the concept of domestic violence and the criminal act in Chapter 4, section 4 a of the Swedish Penal Code which prescribes liability for violation of integrity offences. According to the first paragraph, a person who commits criminal acts as defined in Chapters 3, 4, 6 or 12 or of the Swedish Penal Code (e.g. rape, battery, sexual abuse or insults) or violation of a restraining order against a person with whom they have or have previously had, a close relationship will be sentenced for gross violation of integrity to imprisonment for at least nine months and at most six years if each of the acts were part of a repeated violation of the person’s integrity and the acts were liable to severely damage the person’s self-esteem. The second paragraph states if the acts were committed by a man against a woman to whom he is, or has been married or with whom he is, or has been cohabiting under circumstances comparable to marriage. He will instead be sentenced for a gross violation of a woman’s integrity to the same punishment. The objective of introducing a violation of integrity offence was to enable criminal proceedings to take in to account the abused person’s entire situation when he or she has been subjected to a series of albeit punishable but often individually relatively minor acts and to bring about an upgrading of the penal value of such acts. The main purpose of this thesis is to examine when and under which circumstances a person can be held responsible for gross violation of integrity or gross violation of a woman’s integrity. The analysis aims at the construction of the law, but also to examine the legal and social consequences and the interpretation and application of the law.
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| 2. |
- Anskär, Eva, 1957-
(författare)
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Time flies in primary care : a study on time utilisation and perceived psychosocial work environment
- 2019
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Time utilisation among primary care professionals has been affected by structural changes and reorganisation performed in Swedish primary care over several decades. The work situation is complex with a heavy administrative work load. The overall aim with this thesis was to describe time utilisation among staff in Swedish primary care and to investigate associations with perceived psychosocial work environment and legitimacy of work tasks.Methods: A multicentre, descriptive, cross-sectional study design was used including all staff categories in primary care i.e. registered nurses, primary care physicians, care administrators, nurse assistants and allied professionals (physiotherapists, occupational therapists, psychologists, counsellors, dieticians and chiropodists) at eleven primary care centres located in southeast Sweden. The data collection consisted of a questionnaire including a subjective estimate of workload, the Bern Illegitimate Tasks Scale (BITS) and the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ). Also, a time study was performed, where the participants reported their work time based on three main categories; direct patient work tasks, indirect patient work tasks and other work tasks, each with a number of subcategories. The participants reported time spent on different work tasks, day by day during two separate weeks. Response rates were 75% for the questionnaire and 79% for the time study.Results: In paper I the time study revealed that health professionals at the primary care centres spent 37% of their work time with direct patient work tasks. All professions estimated a higher proportion of time spent directly with patients than they reported in the time study. Physicians scored highest on the psychosocial scales of quantitative demands, stress and role conflicts. The proportion of administrative work tasks was associated with role conflicts, the more administration the more role conflicts. Findings in paper II were that more than a quarter of physicians scored above the cut-off value for BITS regarding unnecessary work tasks, which was significantly more than the proportion observed in all other professions in the survey. Across all staff groups, a perception of having to perform illegitimate work tasks was associated with experiencing negative psychosocial work environment and with high proportion of administrative-related work tasks.Conclusions: Swedish primary care staff spend a limited proportion of their work time directly with patients and primary care physicians perceive the psychosocial work environment in negative terms to a greater extent than all other staff members. Allocation of work tasks has an influence on the perceived psychosocial work environment. The perception of having a large number of illegitimate work tasks affects the psychosocial work environment negatively, which might influence the perception the staff have of their professional roles. Perception of high proportion of unreasonable work tasks is associated with a high proportion of non-patient-related administration.This thesis illuminates the importance of decision makers thoroughly considering the distribution and allocation of non-patient related work tasks among staff in primary care, in order to achieve efficient use of personnel resources and favourable working conditions. Hopefully, the results of this study will contribute to further development of primary care so that medical competence will benefit patients as much as possible.
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| 3. |
- Regnell Andersson, Sofia
(författare)
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Tuning the polylactide hydrolysis rate without introducing new migrants
- 2011
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The possibility to control and tune the hydrolytic degradation rate of polylactide without introducing any new degradation products was investigated by subjecting polylactide with cyclic or linear oligolactic acid additives, and a stereocomplex between the L- and D-enantiomers of polylactide to hydrolytic degradation at 37 and 60 °C for up to 39 weeks. The degradation was monitored by measuring mass loss, molar mass changes, water uptake, changes of surface structure, crystallinity and thermal properties. The degradation product pattern was followed through pH measurements and by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Rapid migration of additives from the material into the aging medium was observed in the case of the more hydrophilic linear oligolactic acid additives. The mass loss at 37 °C was generally 10-20 % greater for the material containing linear additives instead of cyclic additives. The hydrolysis accelerating effect of the linear additives may be counteracted by the facilitated crystal formation of the short chains. Micrographs showed formation of holes on the surface of the material containing linear additives during degradation. This may be a result of migration of phase separated linear additives. Phase separation might take place in the material as the crystallinity increases. The stereocomplex had a higher hydrolytic stability, which is explained by the strong interactions between the complementary chain structures. At 37 °C, the observed mass loss was generally 15 % lower for the stereocomplex compared to the material containing the cyclic additives. However, a larger amount of short hydroxy acids was released from the stereocomplex material, as shown by the large pH drop and the degradation product pattern analysed using ESI-MS. This can be explained by increased intermolecular stereocomplex crystallisation, which results in a larger number of tie-chains between crystals which are susceptible to hydrolysis and facilitate the formation of shorter hydrolysis products. Hydrolysis at 60 °C, i.e. above the glass transition temperature, was drastically faster and the differences between the materials were not as obvious as at the lower temperature. A large advantage using different forms of lactide or lactic acid as additives is that no new migrants are introduced into the degradation product pattern.
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| 4. |
- Ahlstedt, Sara, 1977-
(författare)
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The Feeling of Migration : Narratives of Queer Intimacies and Partner Migration
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation analyzes narratives of queer partner migration, that is, a family-tie migration in which one of the partners of a relationship has migrated in order for the partners to be together, and where the partners queer the migration in the sense that they have a non-normative sexuality and/or gender identity. The purpose of the study is to examine how queer partner migrants and their Swedish partners experience the migration process – which continues also once the administrative process has been completed – by analyzing the emotions and feelings that emerge in the process. The study is a contribution to research on privileged migration as well as intimate migration.The focus is the queer partner migration relationship, and what emotions and feelings ‘do’ to this relationship, but also how emotions and feelings structure the migration process. The study analyzes the work three different emotions – love, loss, and belonging – do in these migration processes, and how this work is described in the participant narratives. Migrant participants have migrated from different parts of the world (Africa, Europe, Latin America, and North America), making it possible to analyze what emotions and feelings do in this particular migration process from the point of view of nationality and, in particular, proximity to ‘Western-ness,’ race, and language as well as how privileges connected to these positions come to matter in the process.The dissertation is an ethnographic interview study in which both migrants and Swedish partners have been interviewed. The interview material consists of a combination of couple interviews and individual interviews.By using affect theories and the concept of queer phenomenology, the dissertation shows how the work that emotions and feelings do in migration processes is connected to gender identity, sexual identity, race and whiteness, nationality, perceived proximity to Western-ness, class, language, and the migration narrative the migrating partner is (or is not) written into by way of the country they have migrated from. This is analyzed in relation to the theoretical frameworks of entanglement, homonationalism, and intimate citizenship.The analysis shows that emotions and feelings structure the migration process for both more privileged and less privileged migrants, but in different ways. The understanding of who ‘is’ a migrant, and the preparedness for the feelings that arise in a migration process, are tied to the positions mentioned above and the privileges these positions give, or do not give, the migrant access to. By focusing on emotions and feelings and what these do, the study also illustrates how the migration process affects the non-migrating partner as this partner engages in emotional labour to ‘make’ the migrating partner ‘Swedish.’ Through their the migrating partner, the non-migrating partner is also aligned in a way that makes them a little bit less ‘Swedish,’ contributing to the non-migrating partner being ‘stopped’ in ways they have usually not experienced before. The study further shows how migration processes produces inequality, and the difficulties that arise when the couples try to live up to the Swedish ideal of the equal relationship.The interviews are analyzed as narratives, and both narratives and storytelling are important throughout the dissertation, not only as the method used in the analysis but as the form of the dissertation, making it a kind of super structure organizing the writing. Writing (how to write accessibly and interesting) and reading (how to write in order to invite an open and active reading) are important aspects of the dissertation.
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| 5. |
- Andersson Trovalla, Ulrika, 1972-
(författare)
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Medicine for Uncertain Futures : A Nigerian City in the Wake of a Crisis
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Nigerian city of Jos used to be seen as a peaceful place, but in 2001 it was struck by clashes that arose from what was largely understood as issues of ethnic and religious belonging. The event, which would become known as ‘the crisis’, was experienced as a rupture and a loss of what the city had once been, and as the starting point of a spiral of violence that has continued up to today. With the crisis, Jos changed. Former friends became enemies, and places that had been felt to be safe no longer were so. Previous truths were thrown into confusion, and Jos’s inhabitants found themselves more and more having to manoeuvre in an unstable world coloured by fear and anger. Life in Jos became increasingly hard to predict, and people searched for different ways forward, constantly trying out new interpretations of the world. This book, which is inspired by pragmatism, analyses the processes that were shaping the emergent city of Jos and its inhabitants in the aftermath of the crisis. At its core are some of Jos’s practitioners of traditional medicine. As healers, diviners, and providers of spells to protect from enemies or solve conflicts, they had special skills to influence futures that were becoming more and more unpredictable. Still, the medical practitioners were as vulnerable to the changing circumstances as everyone else. Their everyday lives and struggles to find their footing and ways forward under the changing circumstances are used as a point of departure to explore larger wholes: life during times characterised by feelings of uncertainty, fragmentation, fear, and conflict – in Jos as a city and Nigeria as a nation.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Ulrika B., 1967-
(författare)
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Framåtsyftande bedömning i tidig läsundervisning : Teori och praktik
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syfte är att bidra med kunskap om hur framåtsyftande bedömning kan användas och används av lärare som underlag för pedagogiska åtgärder i tidig läsundervisning. I avhandlingen har jag ett pragmatiskt förhållningssätt till både teorier och metoder. Avhandlingen bygger på fyra artiklar. Datainsamling gjordes genom artikelläsning (artikel I), fokusgruppsintervjuer (artikel Il) och narrativa intervjuer (artikel III) och testresultat (artikel IV). Resultaten analyserades med; Venn-diagram (I), tematisk analys (II), narrativ analys (lll) och variansanalys (IV). Resultaten visar att formativ bedömning och Response to intervention kan komplettera varandra och att kunskap om olika framåtsyftande förhållningssätt och teorier kan underlätta lärares professionella utveckling. Det framgår också att sociala bedömningsaspekter är viktiga i avkodningsundervisningen. Resultaten visar att en stor andel av eleverna i åk 1 har fortsatt behov av avkodningsträning även i slutet av åk 1. Bedömningsverktyg för läsundervisning behöver därför ge tydlig och återkommande information om elevens förmåga att avkoda. Resultaten visar att lärarnas användning av bedömningsverktyg påverkas av kontexten. Det handlar om att uppmärksamma specifika förutsättningar och att organisera bedömningspraktiken så att ett ömsesidigt och hållbart utbyte uppstår mellan läraren, eleven och bedömningsverktyget.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Ulrika, 1963-
(författare)
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Experimental studies in brain tumours : with special regard to multidrug resistance and the ErbB-family
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Primary brain tumours, and especially the most common form malignant gliomas, usually display a pronounced resistance to other treatment modalities when surgery fails to cure. Growth factors, such as EGF and its receptor, frequently amplified and overexpressed in malignant gliomas, and factors associated with multidrug resistance have been suggested to at least partially explain the poor outcome. The aim of this thesis was to characterise factors in primary brain tumours associated with the development of resistance with focus on the epidermal growth factor receptor (ErbB) family, and multidrug resistance (MDR). Influences of irradiation on the expression and activity of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) in malignant gliomas was evaluated. The effects showed that irradiation increased the efflux activity of Pgp in rat brain vascular endothelial cells, but not in glioma cells. In the intracranial BT4C glioma model, Pgp was detected in the capillary endothelium in the tumour tissue but not in glioma cells. Expression of several factors coupled to MDR (Pgp, MRP1, LRP, and MGMT) in primary brain tumours were analysed and correlated to clinical data. In gliomas, Pgp and MRP1 were predominantly observed in capillary endothelium and in scattered tumour cells, whereas LRP occurred only in tumour cells. In meningiomas, expression of the analysed markers was demonstrated in the capillary endothelium, with a higher expression of Pgp and MRP1 in transitional compared to meningothelial meningiomas. A pronounced expression of MGMT was found independently of the histopathological grade or tumour type. Survival analysis indicated a shorter overall survival for patients suffering from low-grade gliomas with high expression of Pgp. To explore the importance of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), expression levels of the family members (EGFR, ErbB2-4) were analysed and their relations to various clinical parameters were evaluated in gliomas and meningiomas. In gliomas, the highest EGFR expression was observed in high-grade tumours, while ErbB4 expression was most pronounced in low-grade tumours. In meningiomas, expression of EGFR, ErbB2, and ErbB4 was observed in the majority of the tumours. An intriguing observation in low-grade gliomas was a significantly decreased overall survival for patients with high EGFR protein expression. The effects of different time schedules for administration of the selective EGFR inhibitor ZD1839 in relation to irradiation of glioma cells were analysed. The analyses showed a heterogeneity in the cytotoxic effects of ZD1839 between cell lines, and it was obvious that some of the cell lines showed sensitivity to ZD1839 despite no or low expression of EGFR. The study also demonstrated the importance of timing of ZD1839 administration when this agent is combined with irradiation. In conclusion, in order to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy by various drugs in malignant gliomas it may be essential to inhibit drug efflux activity in endothelial cells and to deliver drugs in an optimal timing in relation to radiotherapy. The heterogeneity in expression of drug resistance markers, as well as the ErbB family reflects the complexity in classification of primary brain tumours, and indicates that subgroups of patients with low-grade gliomas expressing Pgp and EGFR might benefit from more aggressive and individualised treatment.
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| 8. |
- Isacs, Lina, PhD, et al.
(författare)
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'I didn't count "willingness to pay" as part of the value' : Monetary valuation through respondents' perspectives
- 2024
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Ingår i: Environmental Values. - : Sage Publications. - 0963-2719 .- 1752-7015. ; 33:2, s. 163-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A frequent justification in the literature for using stated preference methods (SP) is that they are the only methods that can capture the so-called total economic value (TEV) of environmental changes to society. Based on follow-up interviews with SP survey respondents, this paper addresses the implications of that argument by shedding light on the construction of TEV, through respondents' perspective. It illuminates the deficiencies of willingness to pay (WTP) as a measure of value presented as three aggregated themes considering respondents' unintentionality, their retraction once they understood that their WTP could be decisive in cost-benefit analysis and the inherent incompleteness of WTP. We discuss why the TEV discourse persists, how it conceals rather than reveals broader notions of value and in what ways our results support the development of alternative approaches that truly endorse plurality in environmental valuation and decision-making.
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