| 1. |
- Adan, Antonio, et al.
(författare)
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Pattern Recognition Referees 2009
- 2010
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Ingår i: Pattern Recognition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-3203 .- 1873-5142. ; 43:1, s. 1-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Andreadis, Ioannis I., et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the use of modified in vitro digestion assays for the evaluation of ritonavir loaded solid lipid-based formulations
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-0987 .- 1879-0720. ; 189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solid lipid-based formulations (sLBFs) have the potential to increase the oral bioavailability of drugs with poor solubility in water, while counteracting some of the disadvantages of liquid LBFs. The most common experimental set-up to study the performance of LBFs in vitro is the lipolysis assay, during which the LBFs are digested by lipases in an environment mimicking the human small intestine. However, this assay has failed in many cases to correctly predict the performance of LBFs in vivo, highlighting the need for new and improved in vitro assays to evaluate LBFs at the preclinical stage. In this study, the suitability of three different in vitro digestion assays for the evaluation of sLBFs was assessed; the classic one-step intestinal digestion assay, a two-step gastrointestinal digestion assay and a bicompartmental assay permitting the simultaneous monitoring of digestion and permeation of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) across an artificial membrane (Lecithin in Dodecane - LiDo). Three sLBFs (M1-M3) with varied composition and ritonavir as model drug were prepared and examined. When comparing the ability of these formulations to keep the drug solubilized in the aqueous phase, all three assays show that M1 performs better, while M3 presents poor performance. However, the classic in vitro intestinal digestion assay fails to provide a clear ranking of the three formulations, something that is more evident when using the two modified and more physiologically relevant assays. Also, the two modified assays provide additional information about the performance of the formulations including the performance in the gastric environment and intestinal flux of the drug. These modified in vitro digestion assays are valuable tools for the development and evaluation of sLBFs to make better informed decisions of which formulations to pursue for in vivo studies.
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| 4. |
- Hameleers, M., et al.
(författare)
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Start Spreading the News: A Comparative Experiment on the Effects of Populist Communication on Political Engagement in Sixteen European Countries
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Press-Politics. - : SAGE Publications. - 1940-1612 .- 1940-1620. ; 23:4, s. 517-538
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although populist communication has become pervasive throughout Europe, many important questions on its political consequences remain unanswered. First, previous research has neglected the differential effects of populist communication on the Left and Right. Second, internationally comparative studies are missing. Finally, previous research mostly studied attitudinal outcomes, neglecting behavioral effects. To address these key issues, this paper draws on a unique, extensive, and comparative experiment in sixteen European countries (N = 15,412) to test the effects of populist communication on political engagement. The findings show that anti-elitist populism has the strongest mobilizing effects, and anti-immigrant messages have the strongest demobilizing effects. Moreover, national conditions such as the level of unemployment and the electoral success of the populist Left and Right condition the impact of populist communication. These findings provide important insights into the persuasiveness of populist messages spread throughout the European continent.
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| 7. |
- Schulzen, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Development and characterization of solid lipid-based formulations (sLBFs) of ritonavir utilizing a lipolysis and permeation assay
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 0928-0987 .- 1879-0720. ; 196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a high number of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) under development belong to BCS classes II and IV, the need for improving bioavailability is critical. A powerful approach is the use of lipid-based formulations (LBFs) that usually consist of a combination of liquid lipids, cosolvents, and surfactants. In this study, ritonavir loaded solid LBFs (sLBFs) were prepared using solid lipid excipients to investigate whether sLBFs are also capable of improving solubility and permeability. Additionally, the influence of polymeric precipitation inhibitors (PVPVA and HPMC-AS) on lipolysis triggered supersaturation and precipitation was investigated. One step intestinal digestion and bicompartmental permeation studies using an artificial lecithin-in-dodecane (LiDo) membrane were performed for each formulation. All formulations presented significantly higher solubility (5 to >20-fold higher) during lipolysis and permeation studies compared to pure ritonavir. In the combined lipolysispermeation studies, the formulated ritonavir concentration increased 15 -fold in the donor compartment and the flux increased up to 71 % as compared to non-formulated ritonavir. The formulation with the highest surfactant concentration showed significantly higher ritonavir solubility compared to the formulation with the highest amount of lipids. However, the precipitation rates were comparable. The addition of precipitation inhibitors did not influence the lipolytic process and showed no significant benefit over the initial formulations with regards to precipitation. While all tested sLBFs increased the permeation rate, no statistically significant difference was noted between the formulations regardless of composition. To conclude, the different release profiles of the formulations were not correlated to the resulting flux through a permeation membrane, further supporting the importance of matring use of combined lipolysis-permeation assays when exploring LBFs.
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