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- Allentoft, Morten E., et al.
(författare)
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Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 625:7994, s. 301-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene1–5. Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes—mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods—from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a ‘great divide’ genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 bp, consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 bp, resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a ‘Neolithic steppe’ cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations.
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| 2. |
- Allentoft, Morten E., et al.
(författare)
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100 ancient genomes show repeated population turnovers in Neolithic Denmark
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 625, s. 329-337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Major migration events in Holocene Eurasia have been characterized genetically at broad regional scales1–4. However, insights into the population dynamics in the contact zones are hampered by a lack of ancient genomic data sampled at high spatiotemporal resolution5–7. Here, to address this, we analysed shotgun-sequenced genomes from 100 skeletons spanning 7,300 years of the Mesolithic period, Neolithic period and Early Bronze Age in Denmark and integrated these with proxies for diet (13C and 15N content), mobility (87Sr/86Sr ratio) and vegetation cover (pollen). We observe that Danish Mesolithic individuals of the Maglemose, Kongemose and Ertebølle cultures form a distinct genetic cluster related to other Western European hunter-gatherers. Despite shifts in material culture they displayed genetic homogeneity from around 10,500 to 5,900 calibrated years before present, when Neolithic farmers with Anatolian-derived ancestry arrived. Although the Neolithic transition was delayed by more than a millennium relative to Central Europe, it was very abrupt and resulted in a population turnover with limited genetic contribution from local hunter-gatherers. The succeeding Neolithic population, associated with the Funnel Beaker culture, persisted for only about 1,000 years before immigrants with eastern Steppe-derived ancestry arrived. This second and equally rapid population replacement gave rise to the Single Grave culture with an ancestry profile more similar to present-day Danes. In our multiproxy dataset, these major demographic events are manifested as parallel shifts in genotype, phenotype, diet and land use.
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| 3. |
- Gohardani, Navid, et al.
(författare)
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Stakeholders and the Decision Making Process Concerning Sustainable Renovation and Refurbishment in Sweden, Denmark and Cyprus
- 2013
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Ingår i: Architecture & Environment. - : Sciknow Publications Ltd.. - 2329-2288. ; 1:2, s. 21-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the decision making process related to sustainable renovation and refurbishment in buildings. The utilized methodology identifies three distinct phases in order to instigate an engagement in sustainable renovation, by means of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. In particular, the attitude of stakeholders in Sweden, Denmark and Cyprus to sustainable building renovation/refurbishment is studied through three separate case studies. Within the framework of this study, it is identified that building physics and durability are the most important drivers for energy renovation. In Sweden, Denmark and Cyprus, these factors are contributed by maintenance, deterioration and moisture, respectively. The results of the questionnaires and semi-structured interviews presented herein provide an insight into the renovation process in the aforementioned countries and reveal that economy is not the most important driver for energy renovation. Instead, the results signify that drivers such as improvement of indoor air quality and elimination of moisture in the building envelope are of crucial importance. Moreover, the practical implications of this research explore and identify existing instruments for sustainable renovation and refurbishment.
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| 6. |
- Pemsel, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge as a source of power in real estate organisations
- 2012
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Ingår i: Facilities management research in the nordic countries: past, present and future. - : Polyteknisk Boghandel og Forlag. - 9788750210337 ; , s. 253-266
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to explore how knowledge contributes to value adding activities within real estate organisations. More specifically, the study aims to investigate; (1) how knowledge sharing activities are perceived in real estate organisations, (2) what motivates individuals to share knowledge and what incentives are used to support them, and (3) if employees in these organisations have experience of insufficient knowledge sharing activities resulting in additional project costs. Approach: The study includes a literature study and the findings from a questionnaire survey of 71 representatives of real estate organisations in Sweden are presented. Results: Knowledge sharing activities were perceived to be insufficient between different subunits in the organisation. Employees’ main motivation for learning was to achieve a good job for their customers. Rarely did any of the organisations use incentives to increase knowledge sharing activities. Almost every respondent acknowledged that a lack of knowledge and knowledge sharing resulted in additional project costs: a majority rated it as 10% of total project cost. Practical Implications: The contribution of the findings is an increased understanding of how employees in real estate organisations perceived knowledge sharing between organisational units. Sensible knowledge management can possibly facilitate the organisation’s ability to improve its profitability.
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