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- Sandström, Camilla, Professor, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Policy goals and instruments for achieving a desirable future forest : Experiences from backcasting with stakeholders in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Forest Policy and Economics. - : Elsevier. - 1389-9341 .- 1872-7050. ; 111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The future of forests is a controversial issue in Sweden and elsewhere. Different stakeholder groups differ in the importance they give to roles they envision forests should have in, for example, the national economy, the protection of biodiversity and sustainable use of ecosystem services, and in mitigating climate change. We used participatory backcasting, a solution-oriented form of scenario analysis, as a method to identify stakeholders' various views as to what constitutes a desirable future forest in Sweden. By involving key stakeholders, we wanted to explore how to broaden the scope of potential solutions to the controversial issue of forest futures by analyzing goals, measures and policy instruments in order to form a bridge between stakeholders' policy objectives, and the instruments and support tools they would like to use to implement those policies. Preferences for particular policy instruments varied considerably among the stakeholder groups. In line with the literature, our study confirms that policy instruments are not mere empty vessels, but represent particular policy ideas, objectives and outlooks, and can show how stakeholders want forests to be governed in the future.
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| 5. |
- Sandström, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding consistencies and gaps between desired forest futures : An analysis of visions from stakeholder groups in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 45, s. S100-S108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conflicting perspectives on forests has for a long time challenged forest policy development in Sweden. Disagreements about forest futures create intractable deadlocks when stakeholders talk past each other. The purpose of this study is to move beyond this situation through the application of participatory backcasting. By comparing visions of the future forest among stakeholder groups, we highlight contemporary trajectories and identify changes that were conceived as desirable. We worked with four groups: the Biomass and Bioenergy group, the Conservation group, the Sami Livelihood group and the Recreation and Rural Development group; in total representatives from 40 organizations participated in workshops articulating the groups' visions. Our results show well-known tensions such as intrinsic versus instrumental values but also new ones concerning forests' social values. Identified synergies include prioritization of rural development, new valued-added forest products and diversified forest management. The results may feed directly into forest policy processes facilitating the process and break current deadlocks.
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- Felton, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Replacing monocultures with mixed-species : Ecosystem service implications of two production forest alternatives in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 45:Suppl. 2, s. 124-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whereas there is evidence that mixed-species approaches to production forestry in general can provide positive outcomes relative to monocultures, it is less clear to what extent multiple benefits can be derived from specific mixed-species alternatives. To provide such insights requires evaluations of an encompassing suite of ecosystem services, biodiversity, and forest management considerations provided by specific mixtures and monocultures within a region. Here, we conduct such an assessment in Sweden by contrasting even-aged Norway spruce (Picea abies)-dominated stands, with mixed-species stands of spruce and birch (Betula pendula or B. pubescens), or spruce and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). By synthesizing the available evidence, we identify positive outcomes from mixtures including increased biodiversity, water quality, esthetic and recreational values, as well as reduced stand vulnerability to pest and pathogen damage. However, some uncertainties and risks were projected to increase, highlighting the importance of conducting comprehensive interdisciplinary evaluations when assessing the pros and cons of mixtures.
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| 7. |
- Felton, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Replacing monocultures with mixed-species stands : Ecosystem service implications of two production forest alternatives in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 45, s. 124-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whereas there is evidence that mixed-species approaches to production forestry in general can provide positive outcomes relative to monocultures, it is less clear to what extent multiple benefits can be derived from specific mixed-species alternatives. To provide such insights requires evaluations of an encompassing suite of ecosystem services, biodiversity, and forest management considerations provided by specific mixtures and monocultures within a region. Here, we conduct such an assessment in Sweden by contrasting even-aged Norway spruce (Picea abies)-dominated stands, with mixed-species stands of spruce and birch (Betula pendula or B. pubescens), or spruce and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). By synthesizing the available evidence, we identify positive outcomes from mixtures including increased biodiversity, water quality, esthetic and recreational values, as well as reduced stand vulnerability to pest and pathogen damage. However, some uncertainties and risks were projected to increase, highlighting the importance of conducting comprehensive interdisciplinary evaluations when assessing the pros and cons of mixtures.
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- Mårald, Erland, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Forest governance and management across time : developing a new forest social contract
- 2017
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of the past, and of the future on current-time tradeoffs in the forest arena are particularly relevant given the long-term successions in forest landscapes and the hundred years' rotations in forestry. Historically established path dependencies and conflicts determine our present situation and delimit what is possible to achieve. Similarly, future trends and desires have a large influence on decision making. Nevertheless, decisions about forest governance and management are always made in the present – in the present-time appraisal of the developed situation, future alternatives and in negotiation between different perspectives, interests, and actors.This book explores historic and future outlooks as well as current tradeoffs and methods in forest governance and management. It emphasizes the generality and complexity with empirical data from Sweden and internationally. It first investigates, from a historical perspective, how previous forest policies and discourses have influenced current forest governance and management. Second, it considers methods to explore alternative forest futures and how the results from such investigations may influence the present. Third, it examines current methods of balancing tradeoffs in decision-making among ecosystem services. Based on the findings the authors develop an integrated approach – Reflexive Forestry – to support exchange of knowledge and understandings to enable capacity building and the establishment of common ground. Such societal agreements, or what the authors elaborate as forest social contracts, are sets of relational commitment between involved actors that may generate mutual action and a common directionality to meet contemporary challenges.
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- Winbo, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Phenotype, origin and estimated prevalence of a common long QT syndrome mutation : a clinical, genealogical and molecular genetics study including Swedish R518X/KCNQ1 families
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2261 .- 1471-2261. ; 14, s. 22-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The R518X/KCNQ1 mutation is a common cause of autosomal recessive (Jervell and Lange Nielsen Syndrome-JLNS) and autosomal dominant long QT syndrome (LQTS) worldwide. In Sweden p.R518X accounts for the majority of JLNS cases and is the second most common cause of LQTS. Here we investigate the clinical phenotype and origin of Swedish carriers of the p. R518X mutation. Methods: The study included 19 Swedish p. R518X index families, ascertained by molecular genetics methods (101 mutation-carriers, whereof 15 JLNS cases and 86 LQTS cases). In all families analyses included assessment of clinical data (symptoms, medications and manually measured electrocardiograms), genealogy (census records), haplotype (microsatellite markers) as well as assessment of mutation age and associated prevalence (ESTIAGE and DMLE computer software). Results: Clinical phenotype ranged from expectedly severe in JLNS to surprisingly benign in LQTS (QTc 576 +/- 61 ms vs. 462 +/- 34 ms, cumulative incidence of (aborted) cardiac arrest 47% vs. 1%, annual non-medicated incidence rate (aborted) cardiac arrest 4% vs. 0.04%). A common northern origin was found for 1701/1929 ancestors born 1650-1950. Historical geographical clustering in the coastal area of the Pite River valley was shown. A shared haplotype spanning the KCNQ1 gene was seen in 17/19 families. Mutation age was estimated to 28 generations (95% CI 19;41). A high prevalence of Swedish p. R518X heterozygotes was suggested (similar to 1: 2000-4000). Conclusions: R518X/KCNQ1 occurs as a common founder mutation in Sweden and is associated with an unexpectedly benign phenotype in heterozygous carriers.
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| 10. |
- Winbo, Annika, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish long QT syndrome R518X/KCNQ1 founder population- origin and clinical phenotype : phenotypic variability partly explained by gender-specific effects of sequence variants in the NOS1AP gene
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Genetic modifiers have been proposed to explain phenotypic variability in the long QT syndrome (LQTS). We investigate the origin and phenotype of the worldwide common R518X/KCNQ1 mutation in Sweden, as well as possible associations between p.R518X-LQTS phenotype and previously reported modifying sequence variants in the NOS1AP, KCNH2, KCNE1, SCN5A and KCNQ1(3’UTR) genes. Methods and Results: We identified 19 p.R518X families (101 mutation-carriers, whereof 15 Jervell and Lange-Nielsen (JLNS) cases and 86 LQTS cases). Analyses of microsatellite markers, genealogy and mutation age (ESTIAGE) identified a common northern origin ~700 years ago for 17/19 families and a high prevalence of Swedish p.R518X heterozygotes was suggested (DMLE). Clinical phenotype ranged from severe in JLNS to relatively benign in LQTS (QTc 576±61 ms vs. 462±34 ms, cumulative incidence of (aborted) cardiac arrest 47% vs 1%, annual non-medicated incidence rate (aborted) cardiac arrest 4% vs. 0.04%).In p.R518X-LQTS males, two NOS1AP variants rs12143842 and rs16847548 were associated with a 29 ms QT prolongation (p=0.004), explaining 27% of QTc variability.Three derived 3’UTR-KCNQ1 variants, previously shown to suppress gene expression in an allele-specific manner, were found to segregate with the founder mutation.Conclusion: The R518X/KCNQ1 mutation is a Swedish founder mutation presenting with an expectedly severe phenotype in JLNS and an unusually mild phenotype in LQTS, although intra-familial variability remained. Gender-specific effects of NOS1AP sequence variants explained over a fourth of QTc variance in p.R518X-LQTS males, warranting further studies. Repressive 3’UTR-KCNQ1 sequence variants segregating within the founder haplotype could possibly contribute to its relative benignancy.
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