| 1. |
- Anonby, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive Multilinguals : A Survey of Language on Larak Island
- 2011
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laraki, a Southwestern Iranian language variety heavily influenced by Arabic, is spoken on Larak Island in the Strait of Hormuz. This study is a survey of language use by the Larakispeaking community and is based on a field trip conducted in January 2009. In our research, we provide an overview of the language community, define the language and its varieties, and examine patterns of language use, attitudes and vitality. Responses from speakers of Laraki provide a fascinating window into the ethnic identity of the Laraki community, most of whose ancestors come not from Iran, but from Arabia. While a lexicostatistical comparison of Laraki with Musandam Kumzari show a high degree of lexical similarity, recorded text tests (RTTs) reveal that intelligibility of Musandam Kumzari to speakers of Laraki is marginal. Taking linguistic considerations and speakers’ perceptions into account, we conclude nonetheless that Laraki and Musandam Kumzari should be considered dialects of a single language, Kumzari. In our investigation of language use, a striking pattern of adaptive multilingualism emerges in which speakers of Laraki normatively select one of several languages (Laraki, Farsi, Arabic and at least one regional variety such as Qeshmi, Hormuzi or Bandari) according to domains of use and limitations in the proficiency of their audiences. Although use of the mother tongue is vigorous in domestic and traditional work-related domains, and speakers’ attitudes toward their language are overwhelmingly positive, the small size of the language community and the history of social upheaval in the region place the community at risk.
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| 2. |
- Anonby, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Bakhtiari studies : Phonology, text, lexicon
- 2014
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bakhtiari, a Southwestern Iranian language in the Luri language continuum, is spoken by over a million people in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. Almost a century after Lorimer’s (1922) publication on the phonology of Bakhtiari, the present study re-examines this topic in the light of contemporary linguistics, the study of lexicon and texts and, crucially, native speaker intuition. This new research clarifies some of the important questions left by Lorimer and in doing so, leads to surprising insights into the basic structure of the system, which shows some fundamental divergences from Middle and New Persian, and even from the other Luri languages.The first part of the book situates the language within its larger geographic and genetic context, defines the language and its varieties, and provides a summary of research on the language. The second section, which constitutes the core of the study, is devoted to an in-depth analysis of the phonological system, including segmental phonology (inventory, contrast, allophonic processes and distribution), syllable structure and an array of morphophonological processes, as well as stress and intonation. The final three sections of the book comprise an interlinearized Bakhtiari folktale, tables of verb paradigms, and a semantically organized lexicon containing 1500 items. Together, these documents constitute the basis of the data analyzed in the phonological description and provide an integrated picture of related aspects of the language. Along with discussions of the typological contribution of the data and observations on their distinctness from Persian, the final chapters are important resources for the further study of the morphology, syntax, discourse structure and lexicon of Bakhtiari.
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| 3. |
- Anonby, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Bakhtiari Studies II: Orthography
- 2018
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Bakhtiari language is spoken by members of a traditionally nomadic society, numbering over a million people, across several provinces in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. This study provides an account of the emergence and development of an orthography for Bakhtiari – the migration of the Bakhtiari language into the world of letters. Bakhtiari poetry has been transcribed for many decades, and other genres are now appearing in print, but codification of the language is heterogeneous and often difficult for readers to decipher.Building on the foundation of the work, Bakhtiari studies: Phonology, text, lexicon (Anonby & Asadi 2014), the present volume responds to the pressing need to elaborate a systematic orthography that faithfully reflects the language’s phonological structure and serves speakers from various contexts across the language area. It examines the social and linguistic background for such an orthography and, despite major functional drawbacks, concedes that a writing system based on Arabo-Persian script is the only realistic option for the Bakhtiari language community. Following on a presentation of the orthography’s elements, issues associated with the Persian model are addressed: word recognition, underrepresentation of vowels, overrepresentation of consonants, and graphic possibilities for compounding and affixation are discussed in depth; mitigating strategies as well as improvements are proposed. Several innovative but intuitive conventions that respond to distinctive features of Bakhtiari pronunciation are also introduced. Orthographic choices, which have been tested with a wide cross-section of Bakhtiari speakers, are illustrated and applied to the transcription of a traditional text as well as a 1500-word lexicon.The results of this study are relevant for Bakhtiari writers, for scholars working in development of Arabic-based orthographies for other languages which have not been standardized, and for strengthening conventions in standardized languages, such as Persian, that use a related script.
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| 4. |
- Anonby, Erik J.
(författare)
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Stress-induced Vowel Lengthening and Harmonization in Kumzari
- 2013
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Ingår i: Orientalia Suecana. - Uppsala : Uppsala universitet. - 0078-6578 .- 2001-7324. ; 61, s. 54-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the morphophonological effects of four suffixes on noun stem vowels in Kumzari: thesimple plural suffix -an, the existential plural clitic -in, the definite suffix -ō, and the indefinite suffix -ē.Two of the suffixes (-an and -ō) have an effect on the stress placement of their host stem. This results inan array of alternations which may be generalized as lengthening of the stem’s final vowel and, in the caseof -ō, harmonization of the stem’s final vowel to that of the suffix. The remaining two suffixes (the clitic-in and the suffix -ē) are included in this study to emphasize the role of stress placement in vowel alternationsin Kumzari: although -in and -ē are segmentally and semantically analogous to the first two suffixes– and, in the case of -ē, morphosyntactically equivalent – they have no effect on stress placement and consequentlydo not precipitate vowel lengthening or harmonization.
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| 5. |
- Anonby, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Kholosi
- 2018
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Ingår i: Encyclopædia Iranica. - London : Routledge. - 0710090900 ; , s. 539-541
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Heggarty, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Language trees with sampled ancestors support a hybrid model for the origin of Indo-European languages
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science. - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 381:6656
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Languages of the Indo-European family are spoken by almost half of the world’s population, but their origins and patterns of spread are disputed. Heggarty et al. present a database of 109 modern and 52 time-calibrated historical Indo-European languages, which they analyzed with models of Bayesian phylogenetic inference. Their results suggest an emergence of Indo-European languages around 8000 years before present. This is a deeper root date than previously thought, and it fits with an initial origin south of the Caucasus followed by a branch northward into the Steppe region. These findings lead to a “hybrid hypothesis” that reconciles current linguistic and ancient DNA evidence from both the eastern Fertile Crescent (as a primary source) and the steppe (as a secondary homeland).
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| 7. |
- Jahani, Carina, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Korosh
- 2015
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Ingår i: Encyclopædia Iranica.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Nourzaei, Maryam, et al.
(författare)
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Koroshi : A Corpus-based Grammatical Description
- 2015
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Korosh people are scattered across large areas of southern Iran, from Hormozgan all the way to Khuzestan, and onto the Iranian plateau. This group, which numbers over 10,000 people, is found in significant concentrations near Bandar Abbas in Hormozgan Province, in north-western Fars Province around Shiraz, and across the southern part of Fars Province. Although oral accounts situate the provenance of the Korosh in Balochistan, and their language is closely related to southern varieties of Balochi, they have a distinct identity. Some affirm a historical and ethnic connection to the Baloch, but others view themselves as an autonomous tribe; in north-western Fars Province, members of the group maintain an affiliation with the larger Qašqā’i tribal confederacy.The present work contributes to the study of the Korosh through the lens of their language, Koroshi. The corpus for this study has been gathered among speakers of the dialect of Koroshi spoken around Shiraz. The book opens with a brief overview of the Korosh people and their culture. The main part of the study consists of an in-depth, corpus-based description of the phonology and morphosyntax of the Koroshi language; a corpus of seven glossed and translated texts of different genres; and a glossary of more than 1200 items. This documentation is supplemented with a CD containing soundfiles of the texts, a searchable PDF of the book, and images of the Koroshi community.
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| 9. |
- Okati, Farideh, et al.
(författare)
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Natural Phonological Processes in Sistani Persian of Iran
- 2010
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Ingår i: Iranian Journal of Applied Language Studies. - Zahedan : University of Sistan and Baluchestan. - 2008-5494. ; 2:1, s. 93-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article provides an overview of natural phonological processes in the dialect of Sistani Persian spoken in Iranian Sistan, and reviews theoretical implications of these processes. A representative selection of processes in the language is examined in reference to conditioning by surrounding segments and conditioning in reference to syllable structure. While assimilation and dissimilation are tied to segmental context, deletion, epenthesis and metathesis are considered in light of syllable structure requirements. Synchronically, natural processes include those that are of an allophonic nature as well as those which involve morphophonological alternation. The description of these phenomena is corroborated by a discussion of the application of natural processes in diachronic changes. The authors show that, in some cases, the Sonority Sequencing Principle (SSP) is violated in Sistani Persian. This phenomenon is attributed not to language-internal factors, but rather to the generalization of marked structures as a result of interference from Standard Persian.
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| 10. |
- Taheri-Ardali, Morteza, et al.
(författare)
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The Online Atlas of the Languages of Iran: Design, Methodology and Initial Results”
- 2021
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Ingår i: Tarbiat Modares University Press. - Iran : Tarbiat Modares University Press.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Iran is home to a treasury of languages representing diverse language families: Iranic, Turkic, Semitic, Indic, Dravidian, Armenian, and Kartvelian, as well as sign languages. Despite valuable research carried out by Iranian and western scholars, there is still no comprehensive publication depicting the geographic distribution and linguistic status of language varieties in Iran. In order to work toward this goal, the Atlas of the Languages of Iran (ALI) (www.iranatlas.net) was officially launched in 2015 as an international, online research programme. The present study opens with a historical overview of the research context and underlines the ongoing necessity of constructing such an atlas for the languages of Iran. The article then outlines the design of the Atlas, the methodology necessary to guide and organize the research project, and the results which are being generated. Specifically, we look at the Atlas bibliography, classification of Iran’s languages, the design of a set of linguistic data questionnaires, and findings from fieldwork. Selected initial research results from fieldwork in Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari and Hormozgan Provinces, where the research process is most advanced, are provided in the form of linguistic data maps.
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