| 1. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p-Pb collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 719:1-3, s. 29-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angular correlations between charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV for transverse momentum ranges within 0.5 < P-T,P-assoc < P-T,P-trig < 4 GeV/c. The correlations are measured over two units of pseudorapidity and full azimuthal angle in different intervals of event multiplicity, and expressed as associated yield per trigger particle. Two long-range ridge-like structures, one on the near side and one on the away side, are observed when the per-trigger yield obtained in low-multiplicity events is subtracted from the one in high-multiplicity events. The excess on the near-side is qualitatively similar to that recently reported by the CMS Collaboration, while the excess on the away-side is reported for the first time. The two-ridge structure projected onto azimuthal angle is quantified with the second and third Fourier coefficients as well as by near-side and away-side yields and widths. The yields on the near side and on the away side are equal within the uncertainties for all studied event multiplicity and p(T) bins, and the widths show no significant evolution with event multiplicity or p(T). These findings suggest that the near-side ridge is accompanied by an essentially identical away-side ridge. (c) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at root s=0.9 and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present measurements of Underlying Event observables in pp collisions at root s = 0 : 9 and 7 TeV. The analysis is performed as a function of the highest charged-particle transverse momentum p(T),L-T in the event. Different regions are defined with respect to the azimuthal direction of the leading (highest transverse momentum) track: Toward, Transverse and Away. The Toward and Away regions collect the fragmentation products of the hardest partonic interaction. The Transverse region is expected to be most sensitive to the Underlying Event activity. The study is performed with charged particles above three different p(T) thresholds: 0.15, 0.5 and 1.0 GeV/c. In the Transverse region we observe an increase in the multiplicity of a factor 2-3 between the lower and higher collision energies, depending on the track p(T) threshold considered. Data are compared to PYTHIA 6.4, PYTHIA 8.1 and PHOJET. On average, all models considered underestimate the multiplicity and summed p(T) in the Transverse region by about 10-30%.
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| 3. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.
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| 4. |
- Ulfhammer, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal Fluid viral load across the spectrum of untreated HIV-1 infection: a cross-sectional multi-center study.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1537-6591. ; 75:3, s. 493-502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this large multicenter study was to determine variations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) HIV-RNA in different phases of untreated HIV-1 infection and its associations with plasma HIV-RNA and other biomarkers.Treatment naïve adults with available CSF HIV-RNA quantification were included and divided into groups representing significant disease phases. Plasma HIV-RNA, CSF white blood cell count (CSF WBC), neopterin, and albumin ratio were included when available.1.018 patients were included. CSF HIV-RNA was in median (IQR) 1.03 log10 (0.37-1.86) copies/mL lower than in plasma, and correlated with plasma HIV-RNA (r=0.44, p< 0.01), neopterin concentration in CSF (r=0.49, p< 0.01) and in serum (r=0.29, p< 0.01), CSF WBC (r=0.34, p< 0.01) and albumin ratio (r=0.25, p< 0.01). CSF HIV-RNA paralleled plasma HIV-RNA in all groups except neuroasymptomatic patients with advanced immunodeficiency (CD4 < 200) and patients with HIV-associated dementia (HAD) or opportunistic CNS infections.Patients with HAD had the highest CSF HIV-RNA (in median [IQR] 4.73 (3.84-5.35) log10 copies/mL). CSF > plasma discordance was found in 126 of 972 individuals (13%) and varied between groups, from 1% in primary HIV, 11% in neuroasymptomatic groups, up to 30% of patients with HAD.Our study confirms previous smaller observations of variations in CSF HIV-RNA in different stages of HIV disease. Overall, CSF HIV-RNA was approximately 1 log10 copies/mL lower in CSF than in plasma, but CSF discordance was found in a substantial minority of subjects, most commonly in patients with HAD, indicating increasing CNS compartmentalization paralleling disease progression.
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| 5. |
- Ulfhammer, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal Fluid Viral Load Across the Spectrum of Untreated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Infection: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1058-4838 .- 1537-6591. ; 75:3, s. 493-502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The aim of this large multicenter study was to determine variations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) HIV-RNA in different phases of untreated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and its associations with plasma HIV-RNA and other biomarkers. Methods Treatment naive adults with available CSF HIV-RNA quantification were included and divided into groups representing significant disease phases. Plasma HIV-RNA, CSF white blood cell count (WBC), neopterin, and albumin ratio were included when available. Results In total, 1018 patients were included. CSF HIV-RNA was in median (interquartile range [IQR]) 1.03 log(10) (0.37-1.86) copies/mL lower than in plasma, and correlated with plasma HIV-RNA (r = 0.44, P < .01), neopterin concentration in CSF (r = 0.49, P < .01) and in serum (r = 0.29, P < .01), CSF WBC (r = 0.34, P < .01) and albumin ratio (r = 0.25, P < .01). CSF HIV-RNA paralleled plasma HIV-RNA in all groups except neuroasymptomatic patients with advanced immunodeficiency (CD4 < 200) and patients with HIV-associated dementia (HAD) or opportunistic central nervous system (CNS) infections. Patients with HAD had the highest CSF HIV-RNA (in median [IQR] 4.73 (3.84-5.35) log(10) copies/mL). CSF > plasma discordance was found in 126 of 972 individuals (13%) and varied between groups, from 1% in primary HIV, 11% in neuroasymptomatic groups, up to 30% of patients with HAD. Conclusions Our study confirms previous smaller observations of variations in CSF HIV-RNA in different stages of HIV disease. Overall, CSF HIV-RNA was approximately 1 log(10) copies/mL lower in CSF than in plasma, but CSF discordance was found in a substantial minority of subjects, most commonly in patients with HAD, indicating increasing CNS compartmentalization paralleling disease progression. HIV-RNA is detectable in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) across all stages of untreated HIV and usually parallel plasma HIV-RNA at a lower level. A substantial proportion (13%) of patients have CSF>plasma HIV-RNA, most commonly in patients with HIV-associated dementia.
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| 6. |
- Lambert-Niclot, S., et al.
(författare)
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Antiretroviral resistance at virological failure in the NEAT 001/ANRS 143 trial: Raltegravir plus darunavir/ritonavir or tenofovir/emtricitabine plus darunavir/ritonavir as first-line ART
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2091 .- 0305-7453. ; 71:4, s. 1056-1062
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To describe the pattern of drug resistance at virological failure in the NEAT001/ANRS143 trial (first-line treatment with ritonavir-boosted darunavir plus either tenofovir/emtricitabine or raltegravir). Methods: Genotypic testing was performed at baseline for reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease genes and for RT, protease and integrase (IN) genes for patients with a confirmed viral load (VL) >50 copies/mL or any single VL >500 copies/mL during or after week 32. Results: A resistance test was obtained for 110/805 (13.7%) randomized participants qualifying for resistance analysis (61/401 of participants in the raltegravir arm and 49/404 of participants in the tenofovir/emtricitabine arm). No resistance-associated mutation (RAM) was observed in the tenofovir/emtricitabine plus darunavir/ritonavir arm, and all further analyses were limited to the raltegravir plus darunavir arm. In this group, 15/55 (27.3%) participants had viruses with IN RAMs (12 N155H alone, 1 N155H + Q148R, 1 F121Y and 1 Y143C), 2/53 (3.8%) with nucleotide analogue RT inhibitor RAMs (K65R, M41L) and 1/57 (1.8%) with primary protease RAM (L76V). The frequency of IN mutations at failure was significantly associated with baseline VL: 7.1% for a VL of TREND = 0.007). Of note, 4/15 participants with IN RAM had a VL <200 copies/mL at time of testing. Conclusions: In the NEAT001/ANRS143 trial, there was no RAM at virological failure in the standard tenofovir/emtricitabine plus darunavir/ritonavir regimen, contrasting with a rate of 29.5% (mostly IN mutations) in the raltegravir plus darunavir/ritonavir NRTI-sparing regimen. The cumulative risk of IN RAM after 96 weeks of follow-up in participants initiating ART with raltegravir plus darunavir/ritonavir was 3.9%.
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| 7. |
- Mellgren, Åsa, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 infection usually responds well to antiretroviral treatment.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Antiviral therapy. - 1359-6535. ; 10:6, s. 701-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The primary objective of this retrospective study was to determine how many patients in routine practice who were treated with combination antiretroviral treatment reached HIV-1 RNA levels below 50-400 copies/ml in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Seventy-four antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected patients from five different centres in Germany, Italy, Sweden and the USA were included. Thirty-nine percent of the patients had a HIV-1-associated neurological disease and 53% of the patients had AIDS. HIV-1 RNA in CSF and plasma were quantified before and after approximately 3 months of treatment. At baseline, the median value of HIV-1 RNA in CSF was 4.12 log copies/ml (interquartile range (IQR): 3.28-4.85) and it decreased to < 1.70 log copies/ml (IQR: < 1.70-2.48; P < 0.001) after in median 3 months of treatment. Seventy-six percent of the patients had HIV-1 RNA levels below the limits of detection in CSF at follow-up, and 85% reached below 400 copies/ml. In plasma, 45% of the patients had levels of HIV-1 RNA below the limits of detection at follow-up and 80% reached below 400 copies/ml. The group of patients with a neurological disease had a significantly higher CSF viral load both at baseline and at follow-up compared with the neurologically asymptomatic patients. We conclude that the central nervous system (CNS) is usually not a 'sanctuary site', difficult to reach with combination antiretroviral treatment.
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| 8. |
- Raffi, François, et al.
(författare)
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Ritonavir-boosted darunavir combined with raltegravir or tenofovir-emtricitabine in antiretroviral-naive adults infected with HIV-1 : 96 week results from the NEAT001/ANRS143 randomised non-inferiority trial
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X. ; 384:9958, s. 51-1942
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Standard first-line antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1 infection includes two nucleoside or nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NtRTIs), but these drugs have limitations. We assessed the 96 week efficacy and safety of an NtRTI-sparing regimen.METHODS: Between August, 2010, and September, 2011, we enrolled treatment-naive adults into this randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial in treatment-naive adults in 15 European countries. The composite primary outcome was change to randomised treatment before week 32 because of insufficient virological response, no virological response by week 32, HIV-1 RNA concentration 50 copies per mL or higher at any time after week 32; death from any cause; any new or recurrent AIDS event; or any serious non-AIDS event. Patients were randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive oral treatment with 400 mg raltegravir twice daily plus 800 mg darunavir and 100 mg ritonavir once daily (NtRTI-sparing regimen) or tenofovir-emtricitabine in a 245 mg and 200 mg fixed-dose combination once daily, plus 800 mg darunavir and 100 mg ritonavir once daily (standard regimen). This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01066962.FINDINGS: Of 805 patients enrolled, 401 received the NtRTI-sparing regimen and 404 the standard regimen, with median follow-up of 123 weeks (IQR 112-133). Treatment failure was seen in 77 (19%) in the NtRTI-sparing group and 61 (15%) in the standard group. Kaplan-Meier estimated proportions of treatment failure by week 96 were 17·8% and 13·8%, respectively (difference 4·0%, 95% CI -0·8 to 8·8). The frequency of serious or treatment-modifying adverse events were similar (10·2 vs 8·3 per 100 person-years and 3·9 vs 4·2 per 100 person-years, respectively).INTERPRETATION: Our NtRTI-sparing regimen was non-inferior to standard treatment and represents a treatment option for patients with CD4 cell counts higher than 200 cells per μL.FUNDING: European Union Sixth Framework Programme, Inserm-ANRS, Gilead Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Merck Laboratories.
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| 9. |
- Winston, Alan, et al.
(författare)
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Defining cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA escape: editorial review AIDS.
- 2019
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Ingår i: AIDS (London, England). - 1473-5571 .- 0269-9370. ; 33:suppl. 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- : Suppression of plasma HIV RNA is most often attainable with effective antiretroviral therapy. Despite this, in some individuals, detection of HIV RNA remains evident in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which is generally termed CSF HIV RNA escape. Defining CSF HIV RNA escape from a virological point of view, a symptomatology point of view and its management has many challenges with several different definitions being utilized. In this editorial, we outline proposed consensus definitions of CSF HIV RNA escape with consideration of virological, symptomatology and management aspects of this condition.
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