| 1. |
- Appelqvist, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Deletion of the MGMT gene in familial melanoma
- 2014
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Ingår i: Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1045-2257 .- 1098-2264. ; 53:8, s. 703-711
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The DNA repair gene MGMT (O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) is important for maintaining normal cell physiology and genomic stability. Alterations in MGMT play a critical role in the development of several types of cancer, including glioblastoma, lung cancer, and colorectal cancer. The purpose of this study was to explore the function of genetic alterations in MGMT and their connection with familial melanoma (FM). Using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, we identified a deletion that included the MGMT gene in one of 64 families with a melanoma predisposition living in western Sweden. The mutation segregated with the disease as a heterozygous deletion in blood-derived DNA, but a homozygous deletion including the promoter region and exon 1 was seen in tumor tissue based on Affymetrix 500K and 6.0 arrays. By sequence analysis of the MGMT gene in the other 63 families with FM from western Sweden, we identified four common polymorphisms, nonfunctional, as predominantly described in previous studies. We conclude that inherited alterations in the MGMT gene might be a rare cause of FM, and we suggest that MGMT contributes to melanoma predisposition.
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| 2. |
- Erlandson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Epigenetic mutations in CDKN2A in western Swedish families with hereditary malignant melanoma
- 2008
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Ingår i: Molecular Medicine Reports. - Athens, Greece : Spandidos Publications. - 1791-2997 .- 1791-3004. ; 1:1, s. 89-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to identify the molecular genetic variations associated with an increased risk of hereditary malignant melanoma (HMM) in the western Swedish population. In 68 families with increased hereditary susceptibility to malignant melanoma, we previously reported a low frequency of alterations in the CDKN2A gene, which is regarded as the major melanoma predisposition gene. Among these alterations, we identified a novel mutation in 3 families (Asp108Tyr). In the present study, we focused on the possible role of heritable epimutations as a cause of the silencing of the CDKN2A gene. We used two different technical approaches to detect changes in CpG methylation in the promoter region of the CDKN2A gene; methylation-specific PCR (MSP) analysis of bisulfite-converted DNA and methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA). From families who tested negative for germ-line CDKN2A mutations, 64 unrelated patients with hereditary melanoma were included in the study. We showed a consistent lack of hypermethylation in the promoter region of CDKN2A in patients with HMM in our western Swedish population. A putative germ-line methylation of the CDKN2A, if any, is therefore likely to be a rare event in hereditary melanoma. This study demonstrates that there are probably additional and as yet unknown genetic factors present in western Swedish HMM families.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Erlandson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Novel CDKN2A mutations detected in western Swedish families with hereditary malignant melanoma
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Investigative Dermatology. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 0022-202X .- 1523-1747. ; 127:6, s. 1465-1467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have examined alterations in the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), a major melanoma predisposing gene, in a western-Swedish hereditary melanoma population comprising 107 patients from 68 families. Using sequence analysis and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, we found a novel mutation (Asp108 Tyr), segregating with the disease in three families. This mutation has previously been detected as a somatic mutation in other cancers. We found a previously described Swedish founder mutation (ins113Arg) in one family and a large duplication encompassing the CDKN2A gene locus in another family. Moreover, a debated polymorphism (Ala148Thr) was found in nine families, in which the polymorphism did not segregate with the disease.
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| 5. |
- Pissa, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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CDKN2A genetic testing in melanoma-prone families in Sweden in the years 2015–2020 : implications for novel national recommendations
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 60:7, s. 888-896
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Inherited pathogenic variants (PVs) in the CDKN2A gene are among the strongest known risk factors for cutaneous melanoma. Carriers are at high risks to develop multiple primary melanomas and other cancers, in particular pancreatic cancer. In this study, the CDKN2A testing, carried out in Sweden in the years 2015–2020, was evaluated.Materials and methods: Included families had (1) three or more cases of melanoma and/or pancreatic cancer, (2) two melanomas in first-degree relatives, the youngest case <55 years or (3) individuals with three or more multiple primary melanomas, the first before the age of 55 years, and no other affected family members. The included families had at least one affected member that had been tested for CDKN2A PVs.Results: In total, 403 families were included, whereof 913 family members had been diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma and 129 with pancreatic cancer, 33 (8.2%) were found to have PVs in CDKN2A. Frequencies ranged from 0.9% in families with only two melanomas to 43.2% in families with three or more melanoma cases and pancreatic cancer (p < 0.001). The frequency of PVs ranged from 2.1% to 16.5% in families where the youngest case was ≥55 years or <35 years (p = 0.040). In families with or without CDKN2A PVs, 37.6% and 10.0% had melanoma cases that had died from melanoma, respectively (p < 0.001).Discussion: Significant differences were seen in the frequencies of CDKN2A PVs, dependent on numbers or age at diagnosis of melanomas and diagnoses of pancreatic cancers in the family. Further, melanoma cases belonging to families that tested positive for CDKN2A PVs had a significantly higher mortality. To summarize, the current evaluation shows that, with adequately selected criteria to guide genetic testing, CDKN2A PVs are identified at significant frequencies. Identification of carrier families is of importance to ensure that members are enrolled in a preventive surveillance program.
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| 6. |
- Tuominen, Rainer, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of a putative melanoma susceptibility locus at chromosome 3q29
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cancer Genetics. - : Elsevier. - 2210-7762 .- 2210-7770. ; 207:3, s. 70-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Malignant melanoma, the most fatal form of skin cancer, is currently increasing in incidence in many populations. Approximately 10% of all cases occur in families with an inherited predisposition for melanoma. In Sweden, only a minor portion of such melanoma families carry a mutation in the known melanoma gene CDKN2A, and there is a need to identify additional melanoma susceptibility genes. In a recently performed genome-wide linkage screen, novel loci with suggestive evidence of linkage to melanoma were detected. In this study, we have further analyzed one region on chromosome 3q29. In all, 89 affected and 15 nonaffected family members from 42 melanoma-prone families were genotyped for 34 genetic markers. In a pooled linkage analysis of all 42 families, we detected significant evidence of linkage, with a maximum heterogeneity logarithm of odds (HLOD) score of 3.1 with 83% of the families contributing to the linkage score. The minimum critical region of linkage (defined by a 1LOD score support interval) maps to chromosome 3q29, spans 3.5 Mb of genomic sequence, and harbors 44 identified genes. Sequence variants within this region have previously been associated with cancer susceptibility. This study reports the presence of a putative novel melanoma susceptibility locus in the Swedish population, a finding that needs to be replicated in an independent study on other individuals with familial melanoma. Sequencing of genes in the region may identify novel melanoma-associated mutations.
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