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- Thomas, HS, et al.
(författare)
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- 2019
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 3. |
- Drake, TM, et al.
(författare)
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Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children: an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMJ global health. - : BMJ. - 2059-7908. ; 5:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings.MethodsA multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI).ResultsOf 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45·1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34·2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20·6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12·8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24·7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI.ConclusionThe odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda.
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| 7. |
- Chang, C. -C, et al.
(författare)
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Key establishment protocol for wireless sensor networks
- 2007
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Ingår i: 2007 IEEE Internatonal Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems, MASS. - : IEEE. - 1424414555 - 9781424414550 ; , s. 4428701-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the design, prototype implementation and deployment of a key management protocol for sensor networks. In order to exchange protected messages between sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network, secret shared cryptographic keys must be established between the nodes of the network. Several key management schemes have been proposed in the literature, but these schemes are not suitable for real-life deployment. In this paper, we approach the problems of key management protocol differently from other reported results. We first analyzed functionality, feasibility and flexibility of the current key management protocols. Then, we introduce the concept of the Trusted Base Station as the foundation of our new protocol. The results of our implementation and deployment in a real WSN environment show that our theoretical results and claims are supported by the results of practical tests and measurements of operational efficiency.
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| 8. |
- Hagag, Naglaa M., et al.
(författare)
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Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Analysis of Avian Influenza A(H5) Viruses Circulating in Egypt, 2019-2021
- 2022
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Ingår i: Viruses. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4915. ; 14:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus was first detected in Egypt in late 2016. Since then, the virus has spread rapidly among different poultry sectors, becoming the dominant HPAI H5 subtype reported in Egypt. Different genotypes of the HPAI H5N8 virus were reported in Egypt; however, the geographic patterns and molecular evolution of the Egyptian HPAI H5N8 viruses are still unclear. Here, extensive epidemiological surveillance was conducted, including more than half a million samples collected from different poultry sectors (farms/backyards/live bird markets) from all governorates in Egypt during 2019-2021. In addition, genetic characterization and evolutionary analyses were performed using 47 selected positive H5N8 isolates obtained during the same period. The result of the conducted surveillance showed that HPAI H5N8 viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b continue to circulate in different locations in Egypt, with an obvious seasonal pattern, and no further detection of the HPAI H5N1 virus of clade 2.2.1.2 was observed in the poultry population during 2019-2021. In addition, phylogenetic and Bayesian analyses revealed that two major genotypes (G5 and G6) of HPAI H5N8 viruses were continually expanding among the poultry sectors in Egypt. Notably, molecular dating analysis suggested that the Egyptian HPAI H5N8 virus is the potential ancestral viruses of the European H5N8 viruses of 2020-2021. In summary, the data of this study highlight the current epidemiology, diversity, and evolution of HPAI H5N8 viruses in Egypt and call for continuous monitoring of the genetic features of the avian influenza viruses in Egypt.
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| 9. |
- Kamel, Mohamed, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis, Optical, Magnetic and Thermodynamic Properties of Rocksalt Li1.3Nb0.3Mn0.4O2 Cathode Material for Li-Ion Batteries
- 2021
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Ingår i: Crystals. - : MDPI. - 2073-4352. ; 11:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the discovery of the reversible intercalation of lithium-ion materials associated with promising electrochemical properties, lithium-containing materials have attracted attention in the research and development of effective cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Despite various studies on synthesis, and electrochemical properties of lithium-based materials, fairly little fundamental optical and thermodynamic studies are available in the literature. Here, we report on the structure, optical, magnetic, and thermodynamic properties of Li-excess disordered rocksalt, Li1.3Nb0.3Mn0.4O2 (LNMO) which was comprehensively studied using powder X-ray diffraction, transient absorption spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, and low-temperature heat capacity measurements. Charge carrier dynamics and electron-phonon coupling in LNMO were studied using ultra-fast laser spectroscopy. Magnetic susceptibility and specific heat data are consistent with the onset of long-range antiferromagnetic order at the Neel temperatures of 6.5 (1.5) K. The effective magnetic moment of LNMO is found to be 3.60 mu B. The temperature dependence of the inverse magnetic susceptibility follows the Curie-Weiss law in the high-temperature region and shows negative values of the Weiss temperature 52 K (3), confirming the strong AFM interactions.
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