| 1. |
- Abel, I, et al.
(författare)
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Overview of the JET results with the ITER-like wall
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 53:10, s. 104002-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following the completion in May 2011 of the shutdown for the installation of the beryllium wall and the tungsten divertor, the first set of JET campaigns have addressed the investigation of the retention properties and the development of operational scenarios with the new plasma-facing materials. The large reduction in the carbon content (more than a factor ten) led to a much lower Z(eff) (1.2-1.4) during L- and H-mode plasmas, and radiation during the burn-through phase of the plasma initiation with the consequence that breakdown failures are almost absent. Gas balance experiments have shown that the fuel retention rate with the new wall is substantially reduced with respect to the C wall. The re-establishment of the baseline H-mode and hybrid scenarios compatible with the new wall has required an optimization of the control of metallic impurity sources and heat loads. Stable type-I ELMy H-mode regimes with H-98,H-y2 close to 1 and beta(N) similar to 1.6 have been achieved using gas injection. ELM frequency is a key factor for the control of the metallic impurity accumulation. Pedestal temperatures tend to be lower with the new wall, leading to reduced confinement, but nitrogen seeding restores high pedestal temperatures and confinement. Compared with the carbon wall, major disruptions with the new wall show a lower radiated power and a slower current quench. The higher heat loads on Be wall plasma-facing components due to lower radiation made the routine use of massive gas injection for disruption mitigation essential.
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| 2. |
- Romanelli, F, et al.
(författare)
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Overview of the JET results
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 51:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the last IAEA Conference JET has been in operation for one year with a programmatic focus on the qualification of ITER operating scenarios, the consolidation of ITER design choices and preparation for plasma operation with the ITER-like wall presently being installed in JET. Good progress has been achieved, including stationary ELMy H-mode operation at 4.5 MA. The high confinement hybrid scenario has been extended to high triangularity, lower ρ*and to pulse lengths comparable to the resistive time. The steady-state scenario has also been extended to lower ρ*and ν*and optimized to simultaneously achieve, under stationary conditions, ITER-like values of all other relevant normalized parameters. A dedicated helium campaign has allowed key aspects of plasma control and H-mode operation for the ITER non-activated phase to be evaluated. Effective sawtooth control by fast ions has been demonstrated with3He minority ICRH, a scenario with negligible minority current drive. Edge localized mode (ELM) control studies using external n = 1 and n = 2 perturbation fields have found a resonance effect in ELM frequency for specific q95values. Complete ELM suppression has, however, not been observed, even with an edge Chirikov parameter larger than 1. Pellet ELM pacing has been demonstrated and the minimum pellet size needed to trigger an ELM has been estimated. For both natural and mitigated ELMs a broadening of the divertor ELM-wetted area with increasing ELM size has been found. In disruption studies with massive gas injection up to 50% of the thermal energy could be radiated before, and 20% during, the thermal quench. Halo currents could be reduced by 60% and, using argon/deuterium and neon/deuterium gas mixtures, runaway electron generation could be avoided. Most objectives of the ITER-like ICRH antenna have been demonstrated; matching with closely packed straps, ELM resilience, scattering matrix arc detection and operation at high power density (6.2 MW m-2) and antenna strap voltages (42 kV). Coupling measurements are in very good agreement with TOPICA modelling. © 2011 IAEA, Vienna.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Carraminana, Albert, et al.
(författare)
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Rationale and Study Design for an Individualized Perioperative Open Lung Ventilatory Strategy in Patients on One-Lung Ventilation (iPROVE-OLV)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 1053-0770 .- 1532-8422. ; 33:9, s. 2492-2502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this clinical trial is to examine whether it is possible to reduce postoperative complications using an individualized perioperative ventilatory strategy versus using a standard lung-protective ventilation strategy in patients scheduled for thoracic surgery requiring one-lung ventilation. Design: International, multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: A network of university hospitals. Participants: The study comprises 1,380 patients scheduled for thoracic surgery. Interventions: The individualized group will receive intraoperative recruitment maneuvers followed by individualized positive end-expiratory pressure (open lung approach) during the intraoperative period plus postoperative ventilatory support with high-flow nasal cannula, whereas the control group will be managed with conventional lung-protective ventilation. Measurements and Main Results: Individual and total number of postoperative complications, including atelectasis, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, pneumonia, acute lung injury; unplanned readmission and reintubation; length of stay and death in the critical care unit and in the hospital will be analyzed for both groups. The authors hypothesize that the intraoperative application of an open lung approach followed by an individual indication of high-flow nasal cannula in the postoperative period will reduce pulmonary complications and length of hospital stay in high-risk surgical patients. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 5. |
- Palacin-Arce, A., et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of the drinks that contribute to the hydration of andalusian sportspeople
- 2013
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Ingår i: Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte. - : Elsevier. - 1888-7546. ; 6:1, s. 12-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. To estimate the water balance in a healthy population of sportspeople from Southern Spain and determine the sources of their fluid intake, evaluating the contribution of different types of drink and comparing the results by sex and province of residence.Methods. Three hundred eighty-six sportspeople (231 males, 152 females) were enrolled in the study. A questionnaire was administered to calculate nutrient intake through diet and physical activity, and anthropometric measures were taken according to ISAK standards. SPSS-15 was used for data analyses.Results. Fruit juice, tap water, bottled water, processed fruit juice, carbonated drinks, and isotonic drinks comprised 96% of the total water intake. Simple sugar consumption represented 4.44% of daily calorie intake. Significant differences were found between sexes and between professionals and amateurs. The amount of drinks consumed varied as a function of the quality of the drinking water, which significantly differed among the eight Andalusian provinces.Conclusion. This study population did not fully meet fluid intake recommendations, compliance with hydration recommendations varied as a function of the sex and the amateur or professional status of these sportspeople. The pattern of drinks consumption also differed according to their place of residence.
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| 6. |
- Altés Arlandis, Alberto, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Habitability, the scale of sustainability
- 2009
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Ingår i: CISBAT 2009 Renewables in changing climate. - Lausanne : École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne. ; , s. 409-414
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper will explore an alternative to so-called „sustainable‟ models and strategies currently applied in the field of building, architecture and urbanism. In front of irrational resource consumption and an ever-growing waste generation or other problems, seemingly inherent to the current industrial productive model and now transferred to the production of space, the most critical and concerned sectors within these disciplines keep on applying scale-segregated sustainable solutions, i.e. working and intervening at the scale of the single built unit, or at that of the urban model.Instead, the paper will explain ongoing research related to the possibilities of generating another model based in the concept of “global habitability”, that would allow the application of those and other new solutions and mechanisms at all scales in a much more holistic approach to the implementation of sustainability: working transversally and simultaneously, from the room to the city.If current strategies aim at an increase in efficiency exclusively based in the reduction of resource consumption and waste generation, the new model would propose a redefinition of the other term intervening, namely utility. The very subject of sustainability is changed here through this redefinition; no more space but activity, no more the object but the process.Utility and use within architecture can be identified with habitability, here understood as the achievement of adequate social and environmental conditions in order to satisfy the socially acknowledged basic needs of people. Two different factors would determine such idea of utility: on the one hand the conditions of matter‟, as an expression of requirements related to space, resource flows and equipment needed to develop an activity; and on the other hand, the conditions of „orgware‟ or „privacy‟, another term that would include synergy – as the relation between the level of individuality and the level of collectivity - and management, as a combination of time, control and legislation.The main aim of the paper will be thus to present this reformulation of the idea of „habitability‟ as the only effective strategy towards an implementation of sustainability in the field of building. A systemic intervention, re-thinking the utility of architecture from the smallest spatial unit (the room) and extending its scale to that of the urban services (i.e. providers of any need that can‟t be fulfilled within the dwelling), allows achieving the maximum efficiency in terms of resource consumption; whereas social focus, incorporating individual, collective and organizational demands, allows the strategy to take roots in society expanding, thus, the likelihood of its success.
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| 7. |
- Hernandez-Elizondo, J., et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of the estrogenicity of the diet of a healthy female Spanish population based on its isoflavone content
- 2013
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Ingår i: Food Additives & Contaminants. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1944-0049 .- 1944-0057. ; 30:4, s. 627-633
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phytoestrogens are natural components of plants consumed by humans. The hormonal activity of these substances has long been known. Various in vitro tests have demonstrated the agonistic or antagonistic estrogenic activity of some phytoestrogens. The objective of this study was to estimate the supply of isoflavones in the diet of a healthy adult female population and to assess its estrogenic effect. The diet was assessed by questionnaire and the estrogenicity of the estimated isoflavone content was tested by E-screen, finding a mean total estrogenic capacity of 0.129 × 10⁻¹⁰ eq.E₂ (12.9 pmol day⁻¹), corresponding to a daily isoflavone intake of 265.8 μg day⁻¹. This study offers a preliminary insight into the phytoestrogen content of the diet of a healthy active population of Spanish women. The effects of this additional hormonal burden are highly controversial, and this approach to estimating dietary phytoestrogen intake of specific populations may help to elucidate its implications for human health.
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| 8. |
- Mariscal-Arcas, M., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of methods to evaluate the quality of the Mediterranean diet in a large representative sample of young people in Southern Spain
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nutrición Hospitalaria. - : Aula Médica Ediciones. - 0212-1611 .- 1699-5198. ; 25:6, s. 1006-1013
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to compare the usefulness of two methods to evaluate diet quality in young people in Southern Spain: a new Mediterranean Diet Pattern (MDP) and a modification of the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) for the Mediterranean area. The study population was 3190 schoolchildren aged 8-15 yrs. The questionnaires used were first validated (Bland-Altman plot and Wilcoxon tests) in a randomized sample. The DQI gives a more detailed evaluation of food components, whereas the MDS gives global information on food groups but includes foods characteristically consumed in the Mediterranean region. Highly similar results were obtained using the MDP and the adapted DQI-I, which appear to be equally useful to evaluate diet quality in a Mediterranean population. The fact that we selected the same types of food for both indices may explain the similar overall evaluations. According to these results, both methods appear to be equally appropriate for evaluating diet quality in a Mediterranean population.
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| 9. |
- Mariscal-Arcas, M., et al.
(författare)
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Follow-up study of diet and nutritional and physical state of young expert Alpine skiers at a training camp : [Estudio del seguimiento nutricional y estado físico de jóvenes esquiadores expertos durante una concentración de entrenamiento]
- 2011
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Ingår i: Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte. - : Elsevier. - 1888-7546 .- 2172-5063. ; 4:3, s. 114-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To determine the diet, body composition and physical condition of six young Spanish skiers away from parental control and able to choose their own meals during a training stay at a Chilean ski resort.Methods: A protocol was developed to record diet, physical condition, training activity, and other incidences. Anthropometric measurements were taken weekly following the Spanish Sports Council protocol for the detection of sport talents. Their physical condition was examined every two weeks.Results: The six young Alpine skiers showed a considerably higher protein intake than recommendations and a mean percentage of energy from carbohydrates very close to the recommended percentage. The best predictor of iron status is considered to be the proportion of total protein in the diet. This proportion was considerably below recommendations. The BMI and %fat were negatively correlated with performance in flexibility, sit-ups and balance tests.Conclusions: The body composition of these young sportspeople influenced some physical test results. Despite the absence of parental influence, these children at this training camp freely selected a diet appropriate to their needs.
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| 10. |
- Mariscal-Arcas, M., et al.
(författare)
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Nutritional analysis of diet at base camp of a seven thousand-metre mountain in the Himalayas
- 2010
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Ingår i: Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte. - : Elsevier. - 1888-7546. ; 3:4, s. 127-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate the diet of a group of high-mountain climbers at 4,500 metres.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on the diet of a group of high-mountain climbers at their base camp (4,500 m).Results: The mean intake was 11.85 MJ/day (2,833 kcal/day), which provided an inadequate supply of energy and micronutrients to replenish deposits. Their mean carbohydrate intake (39.5%) was excessively low, since carbohydrate-rich diet favours acclimatization and the capacity for recovery. Their daily intake of 1.5-2.5 g/protein/kg of bodyweight was very similar to recommendations (1.5-2.0 g/kg/day).Conclusions: The climbers underwent a drastic change from their habitual Mediterranean diet, rich in monounsaturated fats (largely olive oil), to a diet rich in polyunsaturated fats (largely soy oil). The Sherpa-prepared diet on this expedition was not balanced. It was rich in saturated polyunsaturated fats and relatively poor in proteins and especially carbohydrates, similar to the traditional diet of climbers. Dietary strategies need to be developed to increase the intake of nutrients that favours the physical recovery of climbers and their altitude-acclimatization and to avoid micronutrient deficiencies.
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