| 1. |
- Arghiani, Nahid, et al.
(författare)
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Role of microRNAs in COVID-19 with implications for therapeutics
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0753-3322 .- 1950-6007. ; 144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- COVID-19 is a pneumonia-like disease with highly transmittable and pathogenic properties caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which infects both animals and humans. Although many efforts are currently underway to test possible therapies, there is no specific FDA approved drug against SARS-CoV-2 yet. miRNA-directed gene regulation controls the majority of biological processes. In addition, the development and progression of several human diseases are associated with dysregulation of miRNAs. In this regard, it has been shown that changes in miRNAs are linked to severity of COVID-19 especially in patients with respiratory diseases, diabetes, heart failure or kidney problems. Therefore, targeting these small noncoding-RNAs could potentially alleviate complications from COVID-19. Here, we will review the roles and importance of host and RNA virus encoded miRNAs in COVID-19 pathogenicity and immune response. Then, we focus on potential miRNA therapeutics in the patients who are at increased risk for severe disease.
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| 2. |
- Asgari, Rezvan, et al.
(författare)
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CD147 and MMPs as key factors in physiological and pathological processes
- 2023
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Ingår i: Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0753-3322 .- 1950-6007. ; 157
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) or extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that induces the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). MMPs, as zinc-dependent proteases and versatile enzymes, play critical roles in the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components, cleaving of the receptors of cellular surfaces, signaling molecules, and other precursor proteins, which may lead to attenuation or activation of such targets. CD147 and MMPs play essential roles in physiological and pathological conditions and any disorder in the expression, synthesis, or function of CD147 and MMPs may be associated with various types of disease. In this review, we have focused on the roles of CD147 and MMPs in some major physiological and pathological processes.
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| 3. |
- Firouzabadi, Elahe Dehghani, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of novel PPP1R1B::STARD3 fusion transcript in acute myeloid leukemia : a case report
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Case Reports. - 1752-1947. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the second most common type of leukemia in children. Although prognostic and diagnostic tests of AML patients have improved, there is still a great demand for new reliable clinical biomarkers for AML. Read-through fusion transcripts (RTFTs) are complex transcripts of adjacent genes whose molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. This is the first report of the presence of the PPP1R1B::STARD3 fusion transcript in an AML patient. Here, we investigated the presence of PPP1R1B::STARD3 RTFT in a case of AML using paired-end RNA sequencing (RNA-seq).Case presentation A Persian 12-year-old male was admitted to Dr. Sheikh Hospital of Mashhad, Iran, in September 2019 with the following symptoms, including fever, convulsions, hemorrhage, and bone pain. The patient was diagnosed with AML (non-M3-FAB subtype) based on cell morphologies and immunophenotypical features. Chromosomal analysis using the G-banding technique revealed t (9;22) (q34;q13).Conclusions Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis suggested that the PPP1R1B promoter may be responsible for the PPP1R1B::STARD3 expression. Alterations in the level of lipid metabolites implicate cancer development, and this fusion can play a crucial role in the cholesterol movement in cancer cells. PPP1R1B::STARD3 may be considered a candidate for targeted therapies of the cholesterol metabolic and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathways involved in cancer development and progression.
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| 4. |
- Ileiwat, Zakaria Elias, et al.
(författare)
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The mechanistic immunosuppressive role of the tumour vasculature and potential nanoparticle-mediated therapeutic strategies
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 13
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tumour vasculature is well-established to display irregular structure and hierarchy that is conducive to promoting tumour growth and metastasis while maintaining immunosuppression. As tumours grow, their metabolic rate increases while their distance from blood vessels furthers, generating a hypoxic and acidic tumour microenvironment. Consequently, cancer cells upregulate the expression of pro-angiogenic factors which propagate aberrant blood vessel formation. This generates atypical vascular features that reduce chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy efficacy. Therefore, the development of therapies aiming to restore the vasculature to a functional state remains a necessary research target. Many anti-angiogenic therapies aim to target this such as bevacizumab or sunitinib but have shown variable efficacy in solid tumours due to intrinsic or acquired resistance. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies such as combination therapies and nanotechnology-mediated therapies may provide alternatives to overcoming the barriers generated by the tumour vasculature. This review summarises the mechanisms that induce abnormal tumour angiogenesis and how the vasculature’s features elicit immunosuppression. Furthermore, the review explores examples of treatment regiments that target the tumour vasculature.
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| 5. |
- Melia, Francesco, et al.
(författare)
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Pro-tumorigenic role of type 2 diabetes-induced cellular senescence in colorectal cancer
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Oncology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2234-943X. ; 12
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The disease still remains incurable and highly lethal in the advanced stage, representing a global health concern. Therefore, it is essential to understand the causes and risk factors leading to its development. Because age-related cellular senescence and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been recognised as risk factors for CRC development, the recent finding that type 2 diabetic patients present an elevated circulating volume of senescent cells raises the question whether type 2 diabetes facilitates the process of CRC tumorigenesis by inducing premature cell senescence. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms according to which T2D induces cellular senescence and the role of type 2 diabetes-induced cellular senescence in the pathogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer. Lastly, we will explore the current therapeutic approaches and challenges in targeting senescence.
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| 6. |
- Mustafa, A., et al.
(författare)
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Potential crosstalk between pericytes and cathepsins in the tumour microenvironment
- 2023
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Ingår i: Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy. - 0753-3322 .- 1950-6007. ; 164
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer remains a formidable global health challenge, and as such, investigators are constantly exploring un- derlying mechanisms that drive its progression. One area of interest is the role of lysosomal enzymes, such as cathepsins, in regulating cancer growth and development in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Pericytes, a key component of vasculature, play a key role in regulating blood vessel formation in the TME, have been shown to be influenced by cathepsins and their activity. Although cathepsins such as cathepsins D and L have been shown to induce angiogenesis, currently no direct link is known between pericytes and cathepsins interaction. This review aims to shed light on the potential interplay between pericytes and cathepsins in the TME, high- lighting the possible implications for cancer therapy and future research directions.
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| 7. |
- Najafi, Sajad, et al.
(författare)
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Recent insights into the roles of circular RNAs in human brain development and neurologic diseases
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-8130 .- 1879-0003. ; 225, s. 1038-1048
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of non-coding RNAs. They are single-stranded RNA transcripts characterized with a closed loop structure making them resistant to degrading enzymes. Recently, circRNAs have been suggested with regulatory roles in gene expression involved in controlling various biological processes. Notably, they have demonstrated abundance, dynamic expression, back-splicing events, and spatiotemporally regulation in the human brain. Accordingly, they are expected to be involved in brain functions and related diseases. Studies in animals and human brain have revealed differential expression of circRNAs in brain compartments. Interestingly, contributing roles of circRNAs in the regulation of central nervous system (CNS) development have been demonstrated in a number of studies. It has been proposed that circRNAs play role in substantial neurological functions like neurotransmitter-associated tasks, neural cells maturation, and functions of synapses. Furthermore, 3 main pathways have been identified in association with circRNAs's host genes including axon guidance, Wnt signaling, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathways, which are known to be involved in substantial functions like migration and differentiation of neurons and specification of axons, and thus play role in brain development. In this review, we have an overview to the biogenesis, biological functions of circRNAs, and particularly their roles in human brain development and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's diseases, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and brain tumors.
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