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- Anund Vogel, Jonas, 1981-
(författare)
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Incentivising Innovation in the Swedish Construction Industry
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Almost 40 percent of global final energy use and CO2 emissions are connected to buildings and building-related activities; it is therefore important to incentivise the design and construction of resource-efficient buildings. Unfortunately, energy demand and associated emissions in the sector continue to grow. Such incentives will help achieve energy and environmental targets, reduce costs, and make smart and sustainable buildings and cities possible at a larger scale. Because novel technologies carry risks alongside their advantages, developers, contractors and consultants must have incentives to reduce and share those risks in a rational way if we are to meet the crucial long-term societal goals of reduced use of resources and emissions. I hypothesise that there are legal and institutional frameworks (rules, building codes, regulations, standard contracts, etc.) that result in weak or negative incentives for construction industry actors to invest in, propose, and install resource-efficient technologies. If the hypothesis holds true, then the goal is to identify ways to better incentivise construction industry actors to fully engage in the design and construction of smart and sustainable buildings. To tackle this, four studies were carried out using a mixed-method approach. Paper 1 identifies 38 barriers to energy efficiency in Swedish multifamily buildings. The next study (Paper 2) develops a categorisation framework in order to understand where to engage to overcome or bypass barriers to energy efficiency. Paper 3 and 4 are devoted to analysing two sets of barriers and propose possible solutions to overcome or avoid them: (1) how the current legal framework guiding start and operation of housing co-operatives (mainly the Co-operative Act) influences incentives for engaging in resource-efficient construction, and (2) how the legal instrument for collaboration between developers and consultants incentivises resource-efficient construction. In this case, the contract under investigation is the General Conditions of Contract for Consulting Agreements for Architectural and Engineering Assignments (ABK 09)”. Changes to these two sets of legal and institutional frameworks could have a significant impact on how buildings are designed, produced and used. The changes proposed could incentivise construction industry actors to fully pursue the creation of smart, sustainable buildings that deliver services to users and reduce negative environmental impacts stemming from both the building construction and operation phases.
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- Anund Vogel, Jonas, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Problem areas related to energy efficiency implementation in Swedish multifaily buildings
- 2015
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Ingår i: Energy Efficiency. - : Springer. - 1570-646X .- 1570-6478.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates problem areas related to energy efficiency implementation in Swedish multifamily buildings. The paper first presents a generic list of (theoretical) problem areas identified through a literature survey. Using a qualitative approach, the paper also investigates if the problem areas identified in the literature also have an impact on the Swedish building sector. Results from the interview study reveal a strong coherence between problem areas in the literature and those expressed by the interviewees. However, this paper identifies seven novel challenges that cannot be derived from the list of barriers in the literature. Moreover, results reveal that as many as 12 problem areas have their origin in national factors such as agreement structures, incentive schemes, and cost calculation methods.
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| 4. |
- Arias Hurtado, Jaime
(författare)
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Whole Supermarket System Modelling
- 2015
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Ingår i: Sustainable Retail Refrigeration. - Chichester, UK : Wiley Blackwell. - 9781118927410 - 9780470659403 ; , s. 263-290
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The supermarket sector has more or less used the trial and error approach to implement and evaluate new ideas and concepts for decreasing energy usage and minimizing refrigerant charge. To estimate the energy requirement in a supermarket, it is necessary to evaluate the interrelatedness between the different subsystems and their energy demands. The main subsystems included in computer simulation models for energy use in supermarkets are the building envelope, outdoor climate, HVAC system, refrigeration system and retail display cabinets. The chapter also analyzes four different whole-building simulation models for supermarkets: EnergyPlus developed by the US Department of Energy; CyberMart developed by the Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden; RETScreen developed by Natural Resources Canada; and SuperSim developed by Brunel University in the UK. The implementation of new energy-saving technologies in supermarkets requires an extensive analysis of energy performance of refrigeration systems, HVAC systems, lighting, appliances, and of total energy consumption.
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| 7. |
- Arias, Jaime, 1957-
(författare)
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Energy Usage in Supermarkets - Modelling and Field Measurements
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis investigates a special type of energy system, namely energy use in supermarkets through modelling, simulations and field studies. A user-friendly computer program, CyberMart, which calculates the total energy performance of a supermarket, is presented. The modelling method described in this thesis has four phases: the first phase is the de-velopment of a conceptual model that includes its objectives, the envi-ronment and the components of the system, and their interconnections. The second phase is a quantitative model in which the ideas from the conceptual model are transformed into mathematical and physical rela-tionships. The third phase is an evaluation of the model with a sensitivity analysis of its predictions and comparisons between the computer model and results from field measurements. The fourth phase is the model ap-plication in which the computer model answers questions identified in the beginning of the modelling process as well as other questions arising throughout the work. Field measurements in seven different supermarkets in Sweden were car-ried out to: (i) investigate the most important parameters that influence energy performance in supermarkets, (ii) analyse the operation of new system designs with indirect system implementation in Sweden during recent years, and (iii) validate the computer model. A thorough sensitivity analysis shows a total sensitivity of 5.6 %, which is a satisfactory result given a 10% change in the majority of input parame-ters and assumptions, with the exception of outdoor temperatures and solar radiation that were calculated as extreme values in METEO-NORM. Comparisons between measurements and simulations in five supermarkets also show a good agreement. Measurements and simula-tion results for a whole year were not possible due to lack of data. CyberMart opens up perspectives for designers and engineers in the field by providing innovative opportunities for assessment and testing of new energy efficient measures but also for evaluation of different already-installed system designs and components. The implementation of new energy-saving technologies in supermarkets requires an extensive inte-grated analysis of the energy performances of the refrigeration system, HVAC system, lighting, equipment, and the total energy usage. This analysis should be done over a long period, to evaluate and compare the real energy performance with the theoretical values calculated by Cyber-Mart.
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- Arias, Jaime M., et al.
(författare)
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Heat recovery and floating condensing in supermarkets
- 2006
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7788 .- 1872-6178. ; 38:2, s. 73-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Supermarkets are great energy users in many countries. The potential for increased energy efficiency is large. One option is to utilize heat recovery (or heat reclaim) from condensers to heat the premises. Obviously this option is only interesting in relatively cold areas such as northern Europe, Canada, etc. An alternative to heat recovery is floating condensing pressure, which improves the coefficient of performance and decreases the energy consumption of the refrigeration system at lower outdoor temperature. Both heat recovery and floating condensing pressure can be utilized interchangeably depending on the heat requirements of the premises. A computer model that calculates the energy consumption in a supermarket with the possibility to simulate different system solutions for the refrigeration system has been developed at the Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Energy Technology. The software CyberMart is used in the present study to compare the potential of heat recovery and floating condensing in Swedish supermarkets. Measurements of different parameters such as temperatures, relative humidity and compressor power have been carried out in different supermarkets with heat recovery to validate the theoretical calculations. The present study shows that heating requirements can be covered completely by heat reclaim from the condenser. However, practical experiences show that installations are less efficient due to poor system solutions and/or control strategies. According to the results from CyberMart, the highest potential of energy saving is obtained from using a systems solution with both heat recovery and floating condensing.
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| 10. |
- Arias, Jaime M., et al.
(författare)
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Modelling and experimental validation of advanced refrigeration systems in supermarkets
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of mechanical engineers. Part E, journal of process mechanical engineering. - : SAGE Publications. - 0954-4089 .- 2041-3009. ; 219:E2, s. 149-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effective use of energy and the replacement of CFC and HCFC refrigerants are two factors that have influenced the design and operation of refrigeration systems in supermarkets during recent years. The potential for increasing energy efficiency in refrigeration systems, indoor climate and refrigerated cabinets is large. Since the energy systems of a supermarket are relatively complex, improvements in one subsystem affect other systems, thus making analysis of potential improvements non-additive. A computer model, CyberMart, that predicts building heating and cooling loads, HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning), and refrigeration system performances of a supermarket, has been developed. The focus of the model is on energy use, environmental impact (TEWI), and life cycle cost (LCC) of the refngeration system. The refrigeration system solutions included in the model are: direct system, completely indirect system, partially indirect system, cascade system, parallel system with mechanical sub-cooling (where the refrigerant in the low-temperature system is sub-cooled with the brine of the intermediate temperature level), and district cooling (that cools the condenser of the refrigeration machines). Measurements of different parameters such as outdoor and indoor temperatures, relative humidity, and compressor power have been carried out in several stores to validate the model. A theoretical description of the model and results from the model and measurements are presented in this paper.
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