| 1. |
- Arinder, Pernilla
(författare)
-
Matematisk modellering av hur bakterier kontaminerar, överlever och tillväxer i produktionsmiljö vid hantering av livsmedel.
- 2015
-
Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two alternatives of computational models to simulate the contamination has been produced in the Mat Lab. The models are based on the transfer of bacteria between the hands, chicken, knife, cutting board, salad, and tap and also reduction of bacteria by washing the cutting board, and growth on cutting board. The input of the transmission, reduction and growth have been adopted on the basis of support from the literature data. In the simpler contamination model the contamination is only calculated in one direction. In the more complex model the transfer of bacteria that occurs from both sides at a touch has been taken into account, ie, if a person touch a cutting board, bacteria is transferred from the hand to the cutting board and also from the cutting board to the hand. Calculations were performed with matrix calculation. The results from the two models differ in the simulations. The more repeated contacts taken with the more bacteria spread from a contaminated hand at the start of the scenario to the final product. Models provide a guide to the factors in the spread of bacteria that are most important.
|
|
| 2. |
- Arinder, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
-
Mikrobiologiska risker vid odling av kryddor på friland och hantering till färdig produkt
- 2015
-
Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Under primärproduktionen och vidareförädling via torkning av kryddor kan kontamination ske med sjukdomsframkallande mikroorganismer, vilket kan orsaka att personer som konsumerar produkter blir sjuka. Det är inte säkert att vidare behandling av kryddorna såsom värme sker innan konsumtion och därmed sker ingen reduktion av mikroorganismer. Kryddorna kan, om de är råvara i andra produkter och om de är kontaminerade med sjukdomsframkallande mikroorganismer, kontaminera de nya produkterna. För att minska sannolikheten att detta sker måste smittkällor och spridningsvägar kontrolleras och styras i möjligaste mån. Detta innebär att det måste finnas effektiva grundförutsättningar, det vill säga rutiner för hur odling, bevattning, gödsling, skörd, torkning, lagring med mera utförs för att minimera den mikrobiologiska kontamineringen och tillväxten av mikroorganismer på kryddorna. Om man med dessa grundförutsättningar som bas i processen utför en faroanalys och implementerar åtgärder för att styra farorna enligt HACCP-metodiken får man säkra kryddor som inte medför någon fara för slutkonsumenten oavsett användning.
|
|
| 3. |
- Arinder, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
-
Transfer and Decontamination of S. aureus in Transmission Routes Regarding Hands and Contact Surfaces
- 2016
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hand hygiene, cleaning and disinfection are pre-requirements for hygiene management in hospital settings and the food industry. In order to facilitate risk management, different contamination scenarios and interventions need to be evaluated. In the present study data on transfer rates and reductions of Staphylococcus aureus were provided in an experimental set-up using artificial skin. Using this methodology, test persons were not exposed with pathogenic bacteria. An exposure assessment model was developed and applied to evaluate different contamination routes and hygiene interventions. The transfer rates of S. aureus from inoculated VITRO-SKIN® to fomites were calculated from blotting series. The VITRO-SKIN® was more prone to spread bacteria than fomites. When different surfaces were cleaned, the reduction of S. aureus varied between <1 and 7 log CFU. It could not be concluded that a certain coupon material, cleaning agent, cleaning wipe, soiling or humidity consistently resulted in a high or low reduction of S. aureus. The reduction of S. aureus and E. coli during hand washing was evaluated on artificial skin, VITRO-SKIN®. The reduction of E. coli on VITRO-SKIN® was similar to the log reduction obtained when washing human hands. The S. aureus count on a human hand was both calculated in different scenarios describing different contamination routes starting from a contaminated hand using the exposure assessment model, and measured on an experimental setup using VITRO-SKIN® for validation. A linear relationship was obtained between the analysed level of S. aureus and the calculated level. However, the calculated levels of S. aureus on the VITRO-SKIN® in the scenarios were 1–1.5 log lower than the analysed level. One of the scenarios was used to study the effect of interventions like hand washing and cleaning of surfaces.
|
|
| 4. |
- Borch, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
-
Bacteriological safety issues in red meat and ready-to-eat meat products, as well as control measures
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Meat Science. - 0309-1740 .- 1873-4138. ; 62:3, s. 381-390
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of Eschericha coli O157, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium DT104 as meat-borne pathogens is well established. Pathogenic bacteria such as Aeromonas spp., Arcobacter spp., psychrotrophic Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter spp., Clostridium botulinum and non-invasive Listeria monocytogenes can be regarded as rookies, but not yet firmly associated with today's production of red meat and meat products. The development of PCR and other DNA-based techniques will shed new light on so called emerging pathogens. Important safety issues in meat production, such as insufficient cleaning and disinfection (including the stable/lairage, processing environment), carcass decontamination and chilling, and cross contamination are discussed. Furthermore, probability modelling of survival and growth is identified as an important way to achieve a better understanding of how to deal with the complexity of further processing, including heat treatment and storage. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Quinto, Emiliano J., et al.
(författare)
-
Predicting the concentration of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli bacteria during processing and storage of fermented raw-meat sausages
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - 0099-2240 .- 1098-5336. ; 80:9, s. 2715-2727
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A model to predict the population density of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) throughout the elaboration and storage of fermented raw-meat sausages (FRMS) was developed. Probabilistic and kinetic measurement data sets collected from publicly available resources were completed with new measurements when required and used to quantify the dependence of VTEC growth and inactivation on the temperature, pH, water activity (aw), and concentration of lactic acid. Predictions were compared with observations in VTEC-contaminated FRMS manufactured in a pilot plant. Slight differences in the reduction of VTEC were predicted according to the fermentation temperature, 24 or 34°C, with greater inactivation at the highest temperature. The greatest reduction was observed during storage at high temperatures. A population decrease greater than 6 decimal logarithmic units was observed after 66 days of storage at 25°C, while a reduction of only ca. 1 logarithmic unit was detected at 12°C. The performance of our model and other modeling approaches was evaluated throughout the processing of dry and semidry FRMS. The greatest inactivation of VTEC was predicted in dry FRMS with long drying periods, while the smallest reduction was predicted in semidry FMRS with short drying periods. The model is implemented in a computing tool, E. coli SafeFerment (EcSF), freely available from http://www.ifr.ac.uk/safety/EcoliSafeFerment. EcSF integrates growth, probability of growth, and thermal and nonthermal inactivation models to predict the VTEC concentration throughout FRMS manufacturing and storage under constant or fluctuating environmental conditions. © 2014, American Society for Microbiology.
|
|
