| 1. |
- Granberg, Åke, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Self-image pattern and treatment outcome in severely disturbed psychiatric patients
- 2001
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The relationship between patients’ initial ratings of their self-image and theoutcome of long-term psychiatric treatment was studied in a five -year followupstudy. The subjects were severely disturbed psychiatric patients, mainlyschizophrenics, treated in small treatment homes. A comparison was madebetween patients with a psychotic personality organization (PPO patients) anda non-psychotic personality organization (non-PPO patients), classifiedaccording to Kernberg’s (1981) criteria. Self-image was assessed with theintroject surface of Benjamin’s SASB (Structural Analysis of Social Behavior)model and two self-image patterns were computed: a positive-negative patternand a control-autonomy pattern. Two outcome measures (expressed as EffectSize) were used: subjective outcome was a combination of self-rated methods andjudged outcome was a combination of observer ratings. The relationshipbetween the two self-image patterns and outcome depended both on thepatients’ diagnosis and type of outcome. Judged outcome could not bepredicted from the self-image for the PPO patients; for the non-PPO patientsmore improvement was related to more self-control. For both patient groupssubjective outcome was related to a more negative self-image; however, thisrelationship was much stronger in the non-PPO group.
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| 2. |
- Armelius, Bengt-Åke, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Combination rules in multiple-cue probability learning : II, performance, confidence and development of rules
- 1976
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Armelius, B-Å., and Armelius, K. Combination rules in multiple-cue probability learning. II. Performance, confidence and development of rules. Umeå Psychological Reports No. 101, 1976. - Subjects' use of combination rules was studied in five two-cue multiple-cue probability learning tasks with varying degrees of predictability. Subjects were asked to state how they made their predictions at different times during the experiment. 70 % of the subjects formulated systematic and consistent combination rules, while the remaining 30 % formur lated rules that were incomplete or inconsistent. The verbal statements were found to account for the subject's actual judgments in 86 % of the cases. About 50 % of the rules were single rules, with one rule coveming the complete cue matrix and the rest were multiple rules with different rules being used for different parts of the cue matrix. Performance and confidence were higher for subjects who had formulated systematic combination rules. The results of the experiment were analyzed in terms of a two-stage model for inference behavior. According to this model subjects sample their first combination rule from a hierarchy of hypotheses about relations between cues and criterion. Frequent hypotheses in that hierarchy seem to be average, sum and difference of the two cue values. In the second stage subjects test their hypotheses or develop them through their experience with the task. In the present experiment there was some evidence that subjects using multiple rules construct their rules on the basis of their experience with the task, especially in tasks with high predictability.
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| 3. |
- Armelius, Bengt-Åke, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Combination rules in multiple-cue probability learning : I, relation to task charateristics and performance
- 1976
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Armelius, B-Å., and Armelius, K. Combination rules in multiple cue probability learning I. Relation to task characteristics and performance. Umeå Psychological Reports No. 99, 1976. - The rules used by subjects in multiple cue probability learning (MCPL) was investigated by means of verbal reports given by subjects at the end of learning of a two cue MCPL-task. Eight tasks varied factorially with respect to task predictability, cue-criterion correlations and the sign of the cue intercorre-lation. In addition there were two orthogonal tasks. 47 of the 100 subjects gave verbal descriptions that were classified as inconsistent or incomplete, 7 were classified as a single rule i.e., the same rule was used for all cue combinations, and 4-6 were classified as multiple rulesi.e., different rules were used for different parts of the cue matrix 77 % of the 53 combination rules were found to account for the systematic variance in subjects responses. While performance was related to the characteristics of the tasks, the frequency of combination rules was not. Subjects with multiple rules reached the highest level of performance and subjects with a single rule the lowest. It was concluded that the formulation of combination rules is important for performance in MCPL. Futher developments of the method to extract combination rules were discussed.
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| 4. |
- Armelius, Bengt-Åke, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Confidence and performance in probabilistic inference tasks with intercorrelated cues
- 1976
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Armelius, B-Å, and Amelius, K. Confidence and performance in probabilistic inference tasks with intercorrelated cues. Umeå Psychological Reports No. 96, 1976. - The relation between confidence and subjects' beliefs about their performance as well as their actual performance was studied in five two-cue MCPL-tasks. The tasks varied with respect to task predictability. The results were that confidence was strongly related to believed performance, but not to actual performance. The lack of relation between believed and actual performance was interpreted as support for the notion that subjects know very little about their performance in MCPL-tasks. Confidence was also perfectly related to task predictability, while performance was not. This may in certain tasks cause an illusion of achievement, i.e. subjects feel more confident than their performance allows them to.
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| 5. |
- Armelius, Bengt-Åke, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of cue intercorrelation and cue validities in a multiple-cue judgment task with a suppressor cue
- 1973
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Arnelius, B., & Armelius, K. Detection of cue inter correlation and cue validities in a multiple-cue judgment task with a suppressor cue. Umeå Psychological Reports No. 74, 1973. - The subjects detection of cue intercor-relation, rij, and cue validities, rei, was tested after completion of a learning task with three levels of rij (.00, .40 and .80). The detection was tested by means of reproduction of rij in one test condition and rei in another. The reproduced rij values in the two redundant conditions closely matched the values of the learning tasks. There were, however, no differences among reproduced rij values which was explained as a positive set in the rij = .00 condition. The reproduced rij values were generally close to the rei values of the task with the exception of the non-valid cue for the rij = .00 condition, which was greatly overestimated. The conclusion was that the poor performance in suppressor variable tasks is due to the subjects inability to adjust the weights given to the cues, rather than to poor learning of rij and rei.
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| 6. |
- Armelius, Bengt-Åke, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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En naturalistisk studie av 14000 svenska missbruksklienter baserad på Addiction Severity Index
- 2011
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Ingår i: Missbruket, kunskapen, vården. - Stockholm : Fritzes. - 9789138235256 ; , s. 97-167
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Studien bygger på 14 000 grundintervjuer och 3 000 uppföljningsintervjuer med klienter vid 50 olika enheter för missbruksvård i Sverige, som har intervjuats med ASI-intervjun. Intervjuarskattningar av problem visar att problemen är störst med alkohol, följt av problem med psykisk hälsa, narkotika, arbete/försörjning, familj/umgänge, fysisk hälsa och kriminalitet. Dominerande problemdrog är alkohol (57 procent), narkotika (37 procent) och båda (6 procent). Indikationer på tungt missbruk och svår psykisk störning togs fram för ASI-data och enligt dessa uppvisar 17 procent av klienterna tungt narkotikamissbruk, 13 procent tungt alkoholmissbruk och 2 procent både tungt narkotika- och tungt alkoholmissbruk. Svår psykisk störning indikeras av 28 procent av klienterna. Skillnader mellan män och kvinnor är små. Yngre missbrukare har en betydligt sämre social situation, mer narkotikaproblem och mer problem med psykisk hälsa. Klienterna har delats in i tre åtskilda men homogena problemprofiler. En knapp tredjedel av klienterna har fått behandling för sitt missbruk någon gång medan drygt hälften har fått behandling i psykiatrin. Behandling för alkoholproblem är något vanligare för män, medan behandling för psykiska problem är vanligare för kvinnor. Klienter med tungt missbruk eller svår psykisk störning har fått behandling oftare än andra. Drygt 20 procent av klienterna har följts upp efter ca ett år. Störst förbättring sker inom alkohol där nästan hälften av klienterna uppvisar en reliabel förbättring. Inom psykisk hälsa är det drygt 40 procent och inom narkotika drygt 30 procent som förbättras.
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| 7. |
- Armelius, Bengt-Åke, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Integration rules in a multiple-cue probability learning task with intercorrelated cues
- 1975
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Armelius, B., and Armelius, K. Integratici miles in a multiple-cue probability learning task with intercorrelated cues. Umeå Psychological Reports No. 80, 1975. - The question of hew the subjects use the cues in multiple-cue probability learning tasks was studied by having the subjects fill in a questionnaire asking than to describe how they had made their predictions. The questionnaire was given after the subjects had completed their learning of a two-cue suppressor variable task for 100 trials. For 19 of the subjects it was possible to formulate a model on the basis of their verbal report. The models were classified as a) linear models b) configurai models or c) estimated weights models. The correlation between the responses generated by the model and the actual responses was computed for each subject. Goodness of fit of the models was found to be quite satisfactory. The results of the learning phase shewed that ten subjects reached a performance higher than that expected if they only utilized the information provided by the cue criterion correlations. Performance was highest for subjects using a linear model, while the achievement was low for subjects using an estimated weights model due to the low consistency. The performance of subjects using configurai models was relatively poor due to the low validity of the configurai models in the present task. When •the validity of the models was taken into account, however, the configurai nodels were found to be as easy to follow as the linear models. The conclusions were that it is possible to use the verbal reports given by the subjects to study the strategies employed by the subjects in MCPL tasks, and that it is necessary to do so since very different psychological processes may be expressed in the game mathematical model.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Armelius, Kerstin, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Confidence in multiple-cue judgments as a function of cue intercorrelation and task predictability
- 1975
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Armelius, K., & Armelius, B-Å. The hypothesis that the subjects' confidence is a direct function of the cue intercorrelation, rij, in a pure judgmental task, was tested in a two-cue MCPL experiment where the cue interearrelation and total task predictability, Re2, were inversely related. The hypothesis was supported.When the subjects received no feedback confidence was determined by rij. However, when the subjectsreceived feedback the effects of rij. on confidence was, as predicted, reduced in the direction of Re2 .
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